APIs for research and impurities

1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the production of melanin. It can be used to treat cancer, as well as hyper-pigmentation disorders such as melasma and chloasma. 1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine inhibits tyrosinase by binding to the active site of the enzyme and blocking its access to substrates. This inhibition prevents the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA and further conversion to melanin. 1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine also inhibits other enzymes in the melanin synthesis pathway, including amine oxidase and dopa oxidase.

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Levofloxacin is a synthetic molecule with an asymmetric carbon atom in its heterocycle. It is synthesized by reacting chloroform with 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, which reacts further with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to form the levofloxacin carboxylic acid. Impurities can be found in the reaction product due to chlorine atoms that are formed during the synthesis. The amount of impurities present in the final product can be determined using a titration method or through HPLC analysis. Levofloxacin has been shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens, although is not active against acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.

Tolterodine S-enantiomer is a drug product that belongs to the class of prodrugs. It is metabolized in vivo to the active form, tolterodine. Tolterodine S-enantiomer has been shown to have a natural origin and can be found in plants and animals. Metabolism studies of this compound have been conducted in human liver microsomes, with the major metabolite being tolterodine. Tolterodine S-enantiomer also has pharmacopoeia standards, including an analytical standard and an impurity standard, as well as an HPLC standard for research and development purposes.

Rocuronium EP Impurity G is a drug product that contains an impurity of Rocuronium EP. It is a synthetic, high purity HPLC standard with a purity greater than 99.5% and a CAS number of 119302-20-4. This compound has been researched for use in the development of drugs to treat conditions such as pain, anxiety, and depression. Rocuronium EP Impurity G is a metabolite that has been found in human urine after administration of rocuronium bromide. The metabolism of this substance has not been fully elucidated yet but it may be hydrolyzed by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduced by glutathione reductase, or conjugated with glucuronic acid.

Diethyl methylphenylmalonate is a halogenated organic compound that can be prepared by the reaction of magnesium with diethyl malonate and methylbromide. Diethyl methylphenylmalonate is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a catalyst in organic reactions. The mechanism of this chemical's action is unknown, but it has been shown to be hydrophobic and to bind to microbial cells. It also has been demonstrated to have an oxidation catalyst activity. Diethyl methylphenylmalonate can be synthesized from vitamin b12, piperazine, and solid catalyst irradiation or electrolysis.

(Z)-Fluvoxamine-EP is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard. It is a synthetic metabolite of fluvoxamine, which is a drug used for the treatment of depression. The synthesis of (Z)-fluvoxamine-EP is based on the asymmetric synthesis of fluvoxamine and the use of chiral chromatography to purify the product. This synthetic process allows for the production of high-purity (Z)-fluvoxamine-EP with a purity greater than 99%.

Ceftazidime impurity H is a by-product that can be found in the synthesis of ceftazidime. It has been detected using magnetic separation and UV detection. Ceftazidime impurity H is an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth. This antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing protein synthesis and cell division.

Genistein 4’-β-D-glucuronide is an isoflavonoid that is a natural product of soy and red clover, with estrogenic properties. It has been shown to have the ability to bind to estrogen receptors and inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Genistein 4’-β-D-glucuronide has been shown to inhibit the production of estrone sulfate in human breast cells, which may be due to its ability to act as an estrogen receptor antagonist. The isoflavonoid genistein also binds to and inhibits the activity of DNA topoisomerase II enzymes in human breast cells.

Pf 3084014 hydrobromide is a pluripotent, non-tumorigenic, and self-renewing cell line that can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. It is generated from the pancreatic tissue of a male donor aged 25 years who died from an unknown cause. The Pf 3084014 cell line is characterized by the expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4 and Nanog, and has been shown to have the potential to differentiate into neurons. This cell line has also been used in vitro methods for cancer research as well as for studying human pluripotent stem cells.

Cyamemazine sulfoxide is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. It has been shown to have strong affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C and dopamine D2 receptors, as well as the atrial 5-HT2A receptors. Cyamemazine sulfoxide has a low oral bioavailability of about 10% and is metabolized in the liver to cyamemazine and its active form, cyamemazine sulfoxide. Cyamemazine sulfoxide binds to serotonin 5-HT2C receptors with a high affinity, which leads to inhibition of serotonin release from nerve endings in the brain. This drug also inhibits dopamine release from nerve endings in the brain and has been shown to have cardiac effects on heart rate and contractility.

Remdesivir related compound 7 is a drug product that is being synthesized for use in research and development. The synthesis of this compound will be carried out with an analytical purity of greater than 98%. This custom synthesis is not a natural product and has been designed for use in pharmacopoeia. Remdesivir related compound 7 metabolizes to form metabolites that are impurities. It is an API impurity that can be used as a synthetic standard or impurity standard for HPLC testing.

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-P,P-bisaziridinyl thiophosphamide (HEPBTP) is a metabolite of the drug product. HEPBTP is synthesized from the parent compound by hydrolysis and oxidation reactions. This metabolite has been characterized using HPLC and analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. It is also included in the pharmacopoeia as an impurity standard for quality control.

Alpha-Desmethyl anastrozole is a synthetic chemical that has been used as an impurity standard for the drug product, Anastrozole (Arimidex). This compound is metabolized in humans and is a metabolite of Arimidex. Alpha-Desmethyl anastrozole exhibits high purity and can be synthesized using custom synthesis. The CAS number for this compound is 1215780-15-6.

Risperidone carboxylate impurity is an analytical reference standard of risperidone that is used in the research and development, drug development, and production of drugs. It can be used as an impurity standard for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Risperidone carboxylate impurity has a molecular weight of 514.83 g/mol and a melting point of 200-202°C. Its CAS number is 1346603-86-8. Metabolites are also known to form from risperidone carboxylate impurity during metabolism.

7-O-methyl ivermectin is a drug product that is an analytical standard for the impurity 7-O-methyl ivermectin B1a. Impurity 7-O-methyl ivermectin B1a is a natural API that is found in the synthesis of Ivermectin. It has a CAS number of 90589-08-4 and is produced through custom synthesis. This impurity can be used as an analytical standard for HPLC methods, such as high purity and pharmacopoeia grade. 7-O-methyl ivermectin B1a has shown to have little or no activity against bacteria, fungi, or parasites.

o-Desmethyl venlafaxine N-dimer is a metabolite of venlafaxine that has been identified in human plasma. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a melting point of about 175°C. The purity of the product is more than 98%. It is soluble in methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in water. The o-desmethyl venlafaxine N-dimer was developed as an analytical reference standard for use in HPLC analysis of venlafaxine and its metabolites and impurities.

N,5-Dibenzyl-5-hydroxy-indole-3-glyoxylamide is a drug product that can be used as an analytical reference standard and an impurity standard. It is used in the development of drugs, including synthetic intermediates and metabolites. N,5-Dibenzyl-5-hydroxy-indole-3-glyoxylamide is a natural metabolite. It has been shown to have antihistamine activity and to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

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Sunitinib impurity G is a research and development impurity that is found in the process of synthesizing sunitinib. Sunitinib impurity G is an analytical standard that is soluble in methanol and is suitable for HPLC analysis. It has been shown to have high purity, excellent stability, and a low level of toxicity.