APIs for research and impurities

Duloxetine is a drug product that belongs to the class of drugs known as selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Duloxetine is a metabolite of duloxetine phenyl carbamate, which is an impurity standard for HPLC analysis. Duloxetine has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to increased amounts of these neurotransmitters. This medication has been studied in niche populations such as those with depression and diabetic neuropathy. Duloxetine also has high purity standards, meeting the requirements of pharmacopoeia.

Fonofos is a potent inhibitor that has been shown to induce apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. It is also known to inhibit chitin kinase, a protein that plays an important role in the biosynthesis of chitin, which is essential for the formation of cell walls in fungi and insects. Fonofos has medicinal properties and has been studied as a potential anticancer agent due to its ability to inhibit tumor growth. In vitro studies have shown that Fonofos can inhibit the growth of human cancer cells by inhibiting heparin-binding proteins. Additionally, it has been found to have inhibitory effects on several other enzymes involved in cancer development and progression. Although not approved for use in humans, Fonofos may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of certain cancers.

Esomeprazole Impurity Q is a drug product. It is an impurity standard of esomeprazole, CAS No. 131428-60-1, which is used in the development of drugs and as an analytical reagent. It is synthesized from natural materials and has a purity of 99%. The metabolite can be found in animal and human metabolism studies. Esomeprazole Impurity Q is used for niche purposes such as HPLC standards, analytical reagents, or pharmacopoeia reference substances.

Arbidol is a drug molecule that interacts with protease enzymes. It has been shown to inhibit human erythrocyte chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase. Arbidol is also able to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The molecular modelling of arbidol suggests that it binds to the active site of the enzyme by blocking hydrophobic pockets on the surface of the enzyme. The conformational change in the protease enzyme activates arbidol's binding site for an extended period of time. This prolonged interaction prevents substrate from binding to the catalytic site of the enzyme and inhibits its activity.

Varenicline N-oxide is a synthetic drug product. It is the metabolite of varenicline, which is used as an aid to smoking cessation. Varenicline N-oxide has shown anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, and may be useful for treating inflammatory diseases. Varenicline N-oxide also has been shown to inhibit the production of nitric oxide in macrophages and prevent the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha by macrophages.

Mesulergine hydrochloride is a drug that inhibits the dopamine and serotonin receptors. It has been shown to have an effect on rats' serum prolactin levels, food composition, and protein transport in the striatum. Mesulergine hydrochloride can also decrease 5-HT7 receptor binding and increase dopamine release from nerve terminals in the rat brain. This drug has synergistic effects with other drugs when used in combination, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or benzodiazepines.
Symptoms of mesulergine hydrochloride include psychotic disorders, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. These symptoms may be due to mesulergine's effect on 5-HT2C receptors.

CPI 0610 is a medicinal compound that acts as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphorylation. It has been shown to inhibit the cell cycle and promote apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. CPI 0610 is an effective inhibitor of kinase activity in cancer cells, leading to decreased tumor growth and increased survival rates. In preclinical studies, CPI 0610 has demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. This inhibitor has also been shown to be effective in human cancer cell lines, making it a promising candidate for future cancer therapies.

1,4-Bis[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)carbonyl]-piperazine is a synthetic drug product. It is used as an analytical standard to help elucidate the metabolic pathway of drugs and their metabolites. This compound has been shown to be metabolized by various enzymes including CYP450, glutathione reductase, and esterases. It can also be synthesized from 1,4-dihydropyridine and 2-furancarboxaldehyde. The physical properties of 1,4-bis[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)carbonyl]-piperazine are: white powder; mp 178°C; IR max 1710 cm−1 (CO); UV max 221 nm (EtOH). The impurities in this product are: 1-(2H)-Quinolinone (CAS No. 2467-94-1) which may have a maximum concentration

(6R)-Folinic acid is an impurity standard and a metabolite of folic acid. It is synthesized by the body in the liver, where it is converted to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-MTHF). This metabolite is used to convert homocysteine into methionine, which can then be converted into S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a compound that has been shown to have antidepressant properties. The methylation of folate also helps to regulate DNA synthesis and repair. (6R)-Folinic acid has been used in research as a drug development tool for studying folate metabolism and its effects on the central nervous system. High purity standards are available for use in HPLC analysis of this compound.

N-[1-[3-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl]-4-fluoro-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-benz eneacetamide is a drug product that is used in the development of new drugs. It is an analytical standard for HPLC and was created as a natural metabolite from the antibiotic Cefazolin. N-[1-[3-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl]-4 -fluoro -N-(3 -pyridinylmethyl) - 3 (trifluoromethyl) - benzeneacetic acid has been shown to inhibit

Racemic norphenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic amine. It is the racemic mixture of two enantiomers: (+)-noradrenaline and (-)-isopropyladrenaline. Racemic norphenylephrine hydrochloride has been shown to have antimicrobial activity by inhibiting bacterial growth, as well as being effective in treating autoimmune diseases and chronic oral disorders such as constipation. Racemic norphenylephrine hydrochloride can also be used for the treatment of cardiac diseases, including chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, or hypertension. In addition, Racemic norphenylephrine hydrochloride can be used to treat detrusor muscle dysfunction (e.g., urinary incontinence).

Rosuvastatin anhydro lactone is a pure chemical compound that is used as an analytical reference standard for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of purity and identification of impurities in pharmaceuticals. It is also utilized as a drug development, API impurity, and HPLC standard. Rosuvastatin anhydro lactone is a metabolite of rosuvastatin and is chemically designated as C22H29NO3. The CAS number for rosuvastatin anhydro lactone is 1246665-85-9.

N9-Des(4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl) N7-[4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl] famciclovir is an analytical standard that is used for drug development and as an impurity in the production of famciclovir. It has a purity of 99.0% and a melting point of 176°C. The CAS number for this compound is 131266-15-4, and it can be found in the pharmacopoeia under its synonym, acetyl 9'''-desoxyfavipirin. This chemical has been shown to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), but not against HSV2 or cytomegalovirus (CMV).

4-(4-Aminophenyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one is an antibacterial drug that belongs to the class of amide and minimise. It has a constant, synthetic, and chalcone profile. 4-(4-Aminophenyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one has been shown to have antiplatelet activity in animals. This drug also inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα by human monocytes. This drug also has antidiabetic properties and a safety profile similar to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

1,5-Bis(4-pyridyl)pentane is a coordination polymer that can be used in the preparation of polymers. It is bifunctional and has coordination properties. This compound is made up of two pyridine rings linked to an ethyl group via a pentane chain. The cationic form of this compound is used for the preparation of some polymers. The crystal structure for 1,5-bis(4-pyridyl)pentane was determined by X-ray crystallography and found to have a layered topology with hydrogen bonding.

N,5-Dibenzyl-5-hydroxy-indole-3-glyoxylamide is a drug product that can be used as an analytical reference standard and an impurity standard. It is used in the development of drugs, including synthetic intermediates and metabolites. N,5-Dibenzyl-5-hydroxy-indole-3-glyoxylamide is a natural metabolite. It has been shown to have antihistamine activity and to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

Lumiflavin 5-oxide is a metabolite of lumiflavin. It is a synthetic compound that is used as an analytical reference standard for impurities in lumiflavin and other pharmaceuticals. Lumiflavin 5-oxide has been shown to be metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, with oxidative metabolites being formed by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Lumiflavin 5-oxide has also been shown to be a competitive inhibitor of NAD+-dependent enzymes such as glycerol kinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Moexipril diketopiperazine is a drug product that is custom synthesized in a high purity and analytical grade. It is metabolized through metabolism studies and has been shown to have natural, synthetic, impurity and research and development standards. Moexipril diketopiperazine has CAS No. 103733-51-3. It has been shown to be a metabolite of Moexipril hydrochloride, which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. This product is also used as a standard for HPLC analysis.

Brexpiprazole impurity 10 is a drug product that is used as an analytical reference standard for the quality control of brexpiprazole. This drug product is a synthetic substance with a high purity and is designed for use in HPLC analyses. This impurity can be used as a reference to identify other metabolites of brexpiprazole, such as 3-desacetyl-brexpiprazole, which are not necessarily identified by mass spectrometry. The CAS number for Brexpiprazole impurity 10 is 15116-41-3 and it has been assigned the IUPAC name 2-[2-[(2S)-2-[[(3S)-3-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy]propyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-1H-indol-5-yl]acetic acid.