Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

<p>5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-Methoxyindoleacetic acid) is a metabolite of Melatonin and is isolated from pineal tissue.</p>

<p>Pyrithioxin (Encefabol), a nootropic, enhances cerebral metabolism and, with HV, aids hemiplegic stroke recovery.</p>

<p>Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring compound with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, used to treat acne and rosacea.</p>

<p>DL-Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, is abundant in the body, aids metabolism, carries nitrogen, and fuels cells.</p>

<p>Ofloxacin (Oxaldin) is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial antibiotic.</p>

<p>Tryptamine: a monoamine alkaloid, similar to tryptophan, with an indole ring, acts as a neurotransmitter in mammalian brains.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, a derivative of tryptamine, acts as an agonist for neurotransmitters.</p>

<p>L-Mevalonic acid, a cholesterol precursor, is studied in autoimmune, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's research.</p>

<p>Succinic acid tromethamine is an oral anxiolytic, TCA cycle intermediate, and key precursor in various industries.</p>

<p>Lithium sn-glycerol 3-phosphate made by converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate via NADH from glycolysis.</p>

<p>Glutamic protease, a proteolytic enzyme characterized by the presence of a glutamic acid residue [1], is exclusive to fungi.</p>

<p>1-Palmitoyl LPA: a palmitic acid-containing LPA analog, targets GPCRs, affects cell responses, and boosts β-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p>

<p>11-trans LTC4 is a C-11 isomer of LTC4, forms slowly on storage, is less common but similarly potent in contractions, pKis: 6.42 (LTC4), 6.58 (11-trans).</p>

<p>Fungal metabolite 19,20-Epoxycytochalasin D from Nemania sp. kills P. falciparum; non-toxic to Vero, toxic to BT-549, LLC-PK11, P388 cells.</p>

<p>Hydroxypyruvic acid: a metabolic intermediate for glycine, serine, threonine; used by serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, glyoxylate reductase.</p>

<p>Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium is a key metabolite, with a Km of 1.10 mM at pH 7.5, used in PTB and PHB synthesis.</p>

<p>1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol, a DAG with two linoleic acids, is in rat liver, spinach membranes, and indicates preeclampsia risk in pregnancy.</p>

<p>Kallikrein is capable of forming the kallikrenase kalinin system (KKS) in plasma and tissues, producing bradykinin and kalin peptides , respectively [1] .</p>

<p>ATP dipotassium is key for energy storage, metabolism, cellular processes, and as a signaling molecule for immunity and inflammation.</p>

<p>D-erythrose 4-sodium phosphate: sodium salt of monosaccharide, made from erythritol via 3 isomerases.</p>

<p>BlUSP enzyme turns Glc-1-P into UDP-Glucose, transferring uridyl from UTP and producing PPi.</p>

<p>Sodium valproate is an anti-epileptic, boosting brain GABA levels and possibly affecting potassium channels for membrane stability.</p>

<p>m-Tyramine has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor.m-Tyramine is an endogenous trace amine neuromodulator.</p>

<p>Estriol 16α-(β-D-glucuronide), an endogenous metabolite found in urine, is utilized in pregnancy research [1] [2].</p>

<p>Adriamycin Aglycone, also known as Doxorubicinone, is an oncolytic agent. It is a metabolite of Doxorubicin which binds to the DNA minor-groove.</p>

<p>Cholesterol esterase breaks down cholesterol ester into cholesterol and free fatty acids, aiding absorption.</p>

<p>Endogenous vasoactive compound, found in platelets and brain cells, part of diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, n=2–7).</p>

<p>Coprosterol is a stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment.</p>

<p>Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) serves as a primer for the fatty acid elongation system in Mycobacterium smegmatis [1].</p>

<p>CE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z) is an endogenous metabolite.</p>

<p>Sapropterin aids in amino acid breakdown and neurotransmitter synthesis, including dopamine and serotonin, and supports nitric oxide production.</p>

<p>Homocarnosine TFA: brain-exclusive GABA-histidine dipeptide, neuronal, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.</p>

<p>IAGNH, a glycosidase, breaks N-glycosidic bonds in nucleosides, recycling nucleobases and ribose.</p>

<p>3-HIB is a paracrine regulator of transendothelial fatty acid transport.</p>

<p>Galactosylhydroxylysine, a bone collagen breakdown product, is released during bone resorption and excreted in urine.</p>

<p>Dextranase, a glucan hydrolase, breaks down α-(1,6)-glucosidic bonds in dextran, useful in food, sugar modification, medicine, and more.</p>

<p>Hydroxy bosentan (Ro 48-5033), a Bosentan metabolite, is liver-processed with 10-20% of its activity.</p>

<p>Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Precursor Peptide</p>

<p>AtGalAK, a GHMP kinase, converts d-GalA to GalA-1-P using ATP.</p>

<p>TMC-205: natural antiproliferative fungal metabolite; boosts SV40 promoter transcription.</p>

<p>L-α-Aminoadipic Acid exhibits biological activity against metabotropic glutamate receptors and can be used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis.</p>

<p>16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone-d5 (16α-Hydroxy-DHEA-d5) is the deuterated form of 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone.</p>

<p>2-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethan-1-amine is a histamine metabolite.</p>

<p>Stephacidin B, from A. ochraceus, forms avrainvillamide in vitro. Cytotoxic to various cancer cells; induces apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma at 4 μM.</p>

<p>Promothiocin A is an antibiotic.</p>

<p>NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a phosphorylated metabolite of NHC, incorporated into HCV RNA by viral polymerase.</p>

<p>(S)-Higenamine, a benzylisoquinoline precursor, forms from dopamine and 4-HPAA via NCS.</p>

<p>3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), encoded by the AKR1C4 gene, is responsible for catalyzing the transformation of 3-ketosteroids into 3α-hydroxy</p>

<p>(±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL.</p>

<p>L-Glutamic acid ammonium is an excitatory neurotransmitter.</p>

<p>L-Saccharopine is a product of the breakdown of essential amino acid Lysine.</p>

<p>Angiotensinogen (1-14), human TFA is a fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen is a precursor for all angiotensin peptides.</p>

<p>NADP+ is the oxidized cofactor form of NADPH, vital for cell survival, redox balance, and signaling; synthesized from NAD+ and ATP.</p>

<p>Biotin (Vitamin B7) sodium aids in metabolism, cell growth, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis.</p>

<p>Yokonoside is a biochemical.</p>

<p>Premarin (Estrone 3-sulfate) is an an estrogen sulfate with neuroprotective actions during traumatic brain injury.</p>

<p>[(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl]-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite[1].</p>

<p>Cystocholic acid is a metabolite of bile acids, possessing antimicrobial potential.</p>

<p>Aldosterone D8, a deuterium-labeled variant of Aldosterone produced in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, regulates blood pressure.</p>

<p>Allotetrahydrocortisol (5a-Tetrahydrocortisol) is a metabolite of Cortisol. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid in human.</p>

<p>Glutarylcarnitine lithium indicates malonic aciduria, glutaric aciduria I in newborn screenings.</p>

<p>Tuftsin diacetate, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, activates macrophages/microglia; it's in immunoglobulin G's Fc and boosts immunity.</p>

<p>13,14-dihydro PGE1, a metabolite of PGE1, inhibits platelet aggregation and activates adenylate cyclase with IC50 of 31/21 nM and Kact 668 nM.</p>

<p>8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T37164 and the CAS number is 27415-26-5.</p>

<p>1, 4-butanediamine is an aliphatic diamine compound that can be used as an analytical reagent to assist in precise detection experiments and also as a dye intermediate to facilitate the synthesis of various functional dyes.</p>

<p>L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA: long-chain fat metabolite that disrupts membranes in ischaemia &amp; inhibits KATP channels via Kir6.2 interaction.</p>

<p>Estriol-3-glucuronide, a natural compound found in urine, is also present in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy [1][2].</p>

<p>Sucrose phosphorylase, a bacterial enzyme, transforms sucrose and phosphate into α-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-fructose.</p>

<p>10-Formyldihydrofolate is a Methotrexate metabolite. It inhibits thymidylate synthetase and glycinamide ribotide transformylase.</p>

<p>L-Amino acid oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids, which have local oxidative effects as well as potent antimicrobial effects.</p>

<p>Adefovir diphosphate 2TEA,a metabolite of Adefovir, an oral reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antiviral activity against herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV.</p>

<p>Epicoccamide is a marine fungal metabolite originally isolated from E. purpurascens.</p>

<p>Preterramide C is a fungal metabolite that has been found inA.</p>

<p>Di-O-demethylcurcumin (Bisdemethylcurcumin) is an intestinal metabolite of curcumin known for its neuroprotective properties.</p>

<p>2,8-Dihydroxyadenine causes urinary crystals, kidney stones, and helps diagnose APRT deficiency.</p>

<p>Manoyl oxide is a proposed intermediate in the biosynthesis of forskolin and other medically important labdane-type terpenoids.</p>

<p>D-Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: Key in pentose phosphate path, carbon fixation, and compound biosynthesis.</p>

<p>Prostaglandin F2β (PGF2β) is the 9β-hydroxy stereoisomer of PGF2α.</p>

<p>18-Oxocortisol, a naturally occurring mineralocorticoid and adrenal biomarker, is produced by CYP11B2.</p>

<p>Diaphorase from anaerobic sludge catalyzes RDX biotransformation via denitrification.</p>

<p>1-Methyladenosine-d3 hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of deuterium-labeled 1-Methyladenosine. This compound is a modification of RNA that serves as a biomarker for tumors, with elevated levels in the body linked to cancer development. Upon methylation, 1-Methyladenosine upregulates the expression of PPARδ, regulates cholesterol metabolism, and activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway, thereby driving the onset of liver tumors.</p>

<p>ADR-925 has the ability to protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced injury.Cost-effective and quality-assured.</p>

<p>5-Aminolevulinic acid: heme synthesis intermediate, photosensitizer, antineoplastic, prodrug, treats actinic keratosis with blue light.</p>

<p>Uric Acid (Lithic acid) is an oxidation product of oxypurines. Uric Acid is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates.</p>

<p>(S)-Higenamine hydrobromide, S-enantiomer for benzylisoquinoline synthesis, results from dopamine and 4-HPAA condensation by NCS.</p>

<p>Secaubryenol is a 3,4-secocycloartane triterpenes isolated from Coussarea macrophylla.</p>

<p>13,14-dehydro-15-cyclohexyl Carbaprostacyclin, a stable PGI2 analog, impedes ADP-induced platelet aggregation; ED50 ~40 nM in PRP, 77 nM in washed platelets.</p>

<p>ACS activates fatty acids for lipid metabolism and the TCA cycle.</p>

<p>Sarcophine is a natural cembranoid from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum.</p>

<p>9(S)-HOTrE is a plant metabolite and octadecatrienoic acid produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) on α-linolenic acid.</p>

<p>(S)-Salsolidine is a MAO inhibitor with Ki 63μM; its R enantiomer is more effective, Ki 26μM.</p>

<p>Alterporriol B is a biochemical.</p>

<p>Tetranor-PGEM, the primary urinary byproduct of PGE1 and PGE2, marks PGE2 production; humans excrete 7-40 μg daily.</p>

<p>2-(2',3',4'-Trihydroxybutyl)quinoxaline is a food metabolite.</p>

<p>Dynorphin (1-8) is an opioid octapeptide from the porcine hypothalamus. It comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin.</p>

<p>Dihydrozeatin riboside is a cytokinin that can be isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L.</p>

<p>Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate (also known as 5-Diphosphomevalonic acid) tetralithium is an endogenous metabolite involved in the mevalonate pathway.</p>

<p>N1-Acetylspermine, an endogenous metabolite found in urine, has applications in leukemia research [1] [2].</p>

<p>5(S)-HpETE is a PUFA made by 5-LO from arachidonic acid, metabolized into LTA4, a key leukotriene precursor.</p>