Amino Acids (AA)

<p>Applications 3-N-Methyl-L-histidine is a potential compound to be used as a treatment with pharmacological PPARα agonists to stimulate the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and myofibrillar protein breakdown in skeletal muscle of rodents.<br>References Ringseis, R., et al.: Biochem. Biphys. Gen. Subject., 1830, 2105 (2013); Ubhi, B.K., et al.: Molec. Biosys., 8, 3125 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycyl-L-Tyrosine Dihydrate is used in process for producing N-Glycyltyrosine. Glycyl-L-Tyrosine Dihydrate is the anhydrous form of Glycyl-L-tyrosine(G720108); which is used in preparation method of high quality Aspartame and Aspartame crystallization-inducing agent.<br>References Mimura, T., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl., (1999); Gao, Z., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,3-Trichloro-5-methylbenzene is useful in calculating 21 physical properties of organic compounds strictly from molecular structure.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jain, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 852-860 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide, is a powerful silylating agent for polar compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Melanie MacGregor-Ramiasa et. al; Acta biomaterialia, 56, undefined (2017-2-25)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methionine-methyl-d3 is the labeled Methionine-methyl, a useful building block.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levodopa EP Impurity A; Levodopa USP Related Compound A<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA (Levodopa EP Impurity A; Levodopa USP Related Compound A) is the 6-hydroxy derivative of the amino acid L-DOPA (D533751) with neurotoxic properties. Studies show that exogenously administered 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is biotransformed by amino acid decarboxylase to the highly potent and catecholamine-selective neurotoxin, 6-Hydroxydopamine. The treatment of 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA in rats resulted in the stimulation of acetylcholinesterase.<br>References Jaim-Etcheverry, G. et al.: Brain Res., 100, 699 (1975); Kostrzewa, R.M. et al.: Amino Acids, 14, 175 (1998); Berthet, A. et al.: J. Neurosci., 29, 4829 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Tryptophan-d3 is a deuterium labelled amino acid, which is a protein building block. The unlabelled L-Tryptophan (T947210) is also available.<br>References Goze, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 643, 153 (2010), Bhandare, P., et al.: J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2, 372 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. Cysteine is commonly used as a precursor in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Cysteine is used as a processing aid for baking, as an additive in cigarettes, as well as in the preparation of meat flavours.<br>References Hui, N. et al.: Meat Sci. Appl., 74 (2001); Kiviharju, K. et al.: J. Biotechnol., 117, 299 (2005); Pecivova, P. et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 90, 1681 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5'-O-Methylthymidine (cas# 14504-60-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dityrosine (DY), a tyrosine dimer formed by 3,3’-biaryl bond formation can be used as a biomarker to detect oxidative protein damage and selective proteolysis. Fluorescence intensity decays of Dityrosine are generally characterized by two decay components, one with a lifetime in the range of 150 to 800 ps and another between 2.5 and 4.5 ns.<br>References Libertini, L., et al.: Biophys. J., 47, 765 (1985), Huggins, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 12341 (1993), Malencik, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 35, 4375 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-L-glutamic Acid 5-Methyl Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Isodesmosine Chloride Hydrate (Synthetic) (I815051), which is a component of elastin and also it is extremely hygroscopic and must be stored over a desiccant such as silica gel.<br>References Partridge, S., et al.: Nature, 209, 399 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Cbz-L-aspartic acid is an N-Cbz-protected form of L-Aspartic acid (A790024). L-Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid that is used to biosynthesize other amino acids within the human body. L-Aspartic acid also increases membrane conductance of mammalian neurons by voltage-dependent means, causing depolarization and nerve impulses that travel to key areas of the central nervous system.<br>References Anderson, H., et al.: J. Nutr., 99, 82 (1969); Honey, C., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 61, 135 (1985); MacDonald, J., et al.: Brain Res., 237, 248 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Lysine Methyl Ester is a protected form of D-Lysine (L468930). D-Lysine is the unnatural isomer of L-Lysine (L468895) that has the ability to reduce non-enzymatic glycation in vitro. D-Lysine also exists as polypeptide chains of poly-D-lysine, a nonspecific adhesion-promoting molecule that has the potential to be a polymeric drug carrier.<br>References Chen, Q. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 26602 (1994); Sensi, M., et al.: Diabetologia, 36, 797 (1993); Vermeersch, H. &amp; Remon, J.: J. Control. Rel., 32, 225 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid, is an amino acid building block used in peptide synthesis. With a growing peptide drug market the fast, reliable synthesis of peptides is of great importance.<br></p>

<p>Applications Sorbicillin analog. A bioactive secondary metabolites from terrestrial Streptomyces species TN262.<br>References Ma, L. et al. : J. Anitibiot. 64, 645 (2011); Elleuch, L. et al.: Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 162, 579 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Leucine is an essential amino acid. L-Leucine acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate protein synthesis. It has also activates the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase that regulates cell growth.<br>References Demant, T. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 270, E1022 (1996); Diraison, F. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 277, E529 (1999); Suryawan, A. et al.: J. Anim. Sci., 89, 2004 (2011); Peyrollier, K. et al.: Biochem. J., 350, 361 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydro-5-methyl-4H-1,3,5-dithiazine is used as a reagent in the synthesis of neovibsanin derivatives which have the ability to induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells.<br>References Annette, P.-J. C., et al.: Tetrahedron, 66, 6842 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications An inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. An analog of Homoarginine (H585000).<br>References Muth, W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 249, 7463 (1974), Hanukoglu, I., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 180, 479 (1989), Khaw, L., et al.: J. Bacteriol. 180, 809 (1998), Gallagher, D., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 342, 119 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-S-benzyl-d5-L-cysteine is deuterium labelled N-Acetyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteine, which is a metabolite of toluene.<br>References Gargas, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 98, 87 (1989), Commandeur, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 47(2), 271 (1995), Campo, P., et al.: Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 21, 427 (1999), Lohse, C., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 5913 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine is a tryptophan metabolite. Could be associated with symptoms in Parkinson's disease.<br>References Heilman, P. L., et al.: Movement Disorders, 35, 2028 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Crotonaldehyde.<br>References Gray, J.M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 55 (1971), Chung, F., et al.: Mutat. Res., 424, 71 (1999), Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Pan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 367 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbamyl-L-glutamic Acid has been shown to have protective effects against ammonia intoxication and is used in the treatment of acute hyperammonemia.<br>References Paik, W.K. et al.: Life Sci., 15, 1189 (1974); O'Connor, J.E. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 148, 540 (1989); Lee, J.H. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Chem., 248, 391 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Indolepropionic-d2 acid is deuterium labelled 3-Indolepropionic acid (I627170). 3-Indolepropionic acid is a deamination product of Tryptophan (T947200) that protects the hippocampus (studied in gerbils) from ischemic damage and oxidative stress. It’s ability to protect the neurons in this way is attributed to its potent antioxidative effects. 3-Indolepropionic acid is also hypothesized to have protective effects on the thyroid gland.<br>References Hwang, I., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 2126 (2009); Karbownik, M., et al.: J. Cell. Biochem., 95, 131 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is a derivative of Glycine (G615990), the smallest of all the amino acids, and is also used to treat schizophrenia, stroke, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is also used as an N-linked side chain of an SMTP (Stachybotrys microspora tripenyl phenols) congener, which was potent in enhancing plasminogen activation in S. microspora.<br>References Gusev, E., et al.: Cerebrovasc. Dis., 10, 49 (2000); Koide, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 65, 91 (2012); Rosse, R., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 12, 416 (1989); Tuszynski, G., et al.: Lab. Invest., 70, 228 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications A biologically active, cell permeable, but nonphysiologic ceramide analog. It inhibits cell proliferation and induces monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells and induces apoptosis. It stimulates protein phosphatase 2A and activates MAP Kinase2.<br>References Inoue, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 9566 (2009), Kang, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 1498 (2009), Rath, G., et al.: Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 41, 1165 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A major metabolite of non-essential amino acid L-Cysteine.<br>References Parsons, R.B. et al.: Neurotoxicol., 19, 599 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cystine Bis(T-butyl Ester) Dihydrochloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of chelate oxorhenium to create new integrin antagonists.<br>References Le Gal, J., et al.: J. Inorg. Biochem., 105, 880 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Methyl isocyanate.<br>References Slatter, J. G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 157 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications N,O-Dibenzoyl-DL-tyrosyl-N',N'-dipropylamide is a metabolite of the antispasmodic agent Tiropramide (T446900). Tiropramide impurity B.<br>References Janssen, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 9, 381 (1956), Bertaccini, et al.: Br. J. Pharmac., 34, 310 (1968),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2-Isopropylthiazol-4-yl)-N-methylmethanamine dihydrochloride (cas# 1185167-55-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Perfluoro-4-Methoxybutanoic Acid (cas# 863090-89-5) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methylcaprolactam is a reagent that is used in the synthesis of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-13C5, which is a chlorinated furanone that accounts for more of the mutagenic activity of drinking water than any other disinfection byproduct.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-amine (cas# 20529-23-1) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxybenzoic Acid is used in the preparation of benzohydroxamic acids as potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents.<br>References Kozlov, M.V., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 5936 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline Hydrochloride (cas# 3165-93-3) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methanamine (cas# 936940-49-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications α-Methacrylic acid is used in chemistry as a stabilizing agent, forming a thin capping layer on the surface of nanoparticles. α-Methacrylic acid is also used as a surfactant, so that control is maintained during nanocrystal growth. α-Methacrylic acid is also used as a chelating agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Peng, W., et al.: J. Cryst. Growth, 279, 454 (2005); Qu, S., et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 3605 (2002); Zhao, G., et al.: Phys. C: Supercond., 468, 2317 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methyl-2-hexanamine HCl Salt is more stable and easier to purify compared to the free base.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone-d12 (CAS# 114253-85-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Imatinib EP Impurity G<br>Applications 1-Methylpiperazine (Imatinib EP Impurity G) is used in the preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinylmethyl)acrylophenone(MPMAP), an antimicrotubular drug. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Mallevais, M.L. et al.: Biochimie, 66, 477 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azathioprine EP Impurity C<br>Applications 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas# 4897-25-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A red azoic dye. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Hoover, K., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 1497 (2005), Altenburger, R., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 324 (2005), Gonzalez, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 1775 (2005),<br></p>