Peptides

<p>Histone H3 (32-38) K36Me2 is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter to change the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available to the transcription machinery or inaccessible.The Histone H3 (32-38) lysine 36 has been dimethylated.</p>

<p>Ara h 1 is one of the major allergenic proteins from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which contains approximately 13 potential allergenic proteins.Ara h 1 is a member of the 7/8 S globulin (vicilin) family of seed storage proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily and is the most abundant allergen present in the peanut kernel. Ara h 1 plays an important role in the allergy sensitising procedure and can be recognised by 90% of patients with a peanut allergy.This peptide represents a tryptic peptide of Ara h 1.</p>

<p>Histone 3 (H3) is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available or inaccessible to the transcription machinery.The lysine at position 4 of this peptide has been tri-methylated and it is implicated in studies that this modification may remodel the chromatin so that it is more accessible to transcription factors, which may ultimately increase the level of gene expression. The lysine at position 9 has been acetylated, which neutralizes the positive charge on the amino acid, loosening the chromatin structure. This alteration to the accessibility of chromatin promotes the initiation of transcription. Moreover, the serine at position 10 has been phosphorylated, and studies have suggested that this may induce chromatin condensation, and subsequently repress transcription and gene expression.This peptide contains a C-terminal GGK linker labelled with 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag. This peptide also has an uncharged C-terminal amide.</p>

<p>Alyerserin-1b is a C-terminally α-amidated 23 residue Cationic anti-microbial peptide (AMP). Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are produced by the innate immune system and are expressed when the host is challenged by a pathogen. The Alyerserin family of peptides was first identified in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the midwife toad-Alytes obstetricans-(Alytidae). Alyteserin-1 peptides have limited structural similarity to the ascaphins from the skins of frogs of the Leiopelmatidae family. Alyteserin-1 peptides are selective at inhibiting growth activity of Gram-negative bacteria-such as Escherichia coli and show weak haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.Alyteserin contain at least 50% hydrophobic amino acids. Hydrophobic residues contribute to the insertion of the peptide into the hydrophobic membrane core which results in membrane disruption and death of the pathogen. Due to their mechanism of action it is less likely for resistance to develop towards them compared to conventional antibiotics.</p>

<p>Truncated version of SBP1, the fragment of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptidase domain (PD) alpha1 helix important for the interaction of ACE2 with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS coronavirus receptor binding domain (SARS-CoV-2-RBD). Unlike SBP1, SBP2 does not associate with the spike RBD protein.</p>

<p>Bombesin/GRP receptor agonist derived from the pro-apoptotic protein BIM, which is a member of the BCL-2 family proteins and activates the BAX and BAK proteins to promote apoptosis.The process of apoptosis can be activated by the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, the former is activated by stress stimuli such as DNA damage and nutrient deficiency, while the latter is induced through activation of the death receptors FAS and TRAIL.The BCL-2 family's transmembrane anchor at the C-terminus allows them to locate at the mitochondrial outer membrane and play a vital role in apoptosis.Within the mitochondria BIM is a member of the BH3 molecules alongside, BIM, PUMA and NOXA which can all be activated by the intrinsic pathway. These in turn can initiate the homo-oligomerisation of BAX and BAK which induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Here cytochrome c associates with APAF-1 and dATP, ultimately activating effector caspase3/7 and apoptosis.BIM can be activated by CHOP-mediated transcription and phosphatase 2A-mediated dephosphorylation during endoplasmic reticulum stress. However when BIM is phosphorylated it undergoes degradation by the proteasome.</p>

<p>Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and its negative regulator Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) provide vital protection in maintaining cellular redox. In parallel, Nrf2 also aids the resolution of inflammation and also tissue repair. In homeostatic conditions, the transcription factor Nrf2 is controlled in a cytoplasmic complex with Keap1 with ubiquitination and protein degradation. Nrf2 has been linked to numerous cancers due to mutations affecting the binding region of Nrf2 to Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 dissociating from the complex. Nrf2 constitutively accumulates in the nucleus and activation of prosurvival genes that promote cancer cell proliferation.The Neh2 region of Nrf2 interacts with Keap1, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 16 amino acid peptide (AFFAQLQLDEETGEFL) (69-84) flanks the conserved ETGE motif and can replicate the binding to keap1.Therapeutics targeting the Nrf2 signalling pathway and activation of Nrf2 is a keen area of research, with many cancers being linked to Nrf2, particularly pancreatic cancer. Additionally, activation of Nrf2 has become a possible target as a treatment for COVID. Nrf2 (69-84) replicating full-length Nrf2 binding has been helpful in all cases. This Nrf2 (69-84) contains a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification. If you would prefer the simple peptide, Nrf2 (69-84), it is available from our catalogue.</p>

<p>L17E is an endosomolytic peptide derived from the cationic and membrane-lytic spider venom peptide M-lycotoxin and contains a substitution of leucine by glutamic acid at position 17. L17E is able to promote the endocytic uptake and cytosolic delivery of exosome-encapsulated proteins.A major obstacles to intracellular targeting by antibodies is the limited release of the antibodies into the cytosol, once inside endosomes. L17E can achieve an enhanced cellular uptake via the induction of micropinocytosis. Once inside the endosome, positively charged L17E is able to preferentially disrupt negatively charged endosomal membranes to enable a marked cytosolic liberation of antibodies (immunoglobulins G (IgGs)) from endosomes.L17E had little pH dependence and no enhanced helical structure is needed for L17E-mediated membrane lysis.</p>

<p>C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a novel urinary biomarker which is part of the natriuretic peptide family. CNP is produced in the kidney and the endothelium and has been localised to renal tubules. CNP expression has also been detected in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium, and bone.CNP is synthesized as the precursor 103 amino acid (AA) protein, proCNP (AA 1-103), which is then cleaved into NT-proCNP (AA 1-50) and CNP53 (AA 51-103) by the intracellular endoprotease furin. CNP53 is then cleaved to give the biologically active mature form CNP22 (AA 82-103) and inactive form NT-CNP53 (51-81). CNP primarily acts as an autocrine or paracrine factor and has anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic properties, including suppression of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and accelerated regeneration of endothelial cells. CNP is a vasodilator and potent venodilator and slightly elevated levels have been detected in heart failure and renal disease states. CNP has renoprotective properties and is activated during renal injury, where it helps preserve glomerular function and suppress pro-fibrotic processes. Hypoxia, cytokines and fibrotic growth factors, are stimuli for CNP production and release.CNP selectively activates the cell surface particulate guanylyl cyclase receptor B (GC-B), catalysing the conversion of GTP to the downstream second messenger, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).</p>

Tumour antigens recognised by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are a keen area of research to develop antigen-specific cancer therapies. However, hurdles are weak immunogenicity and high rates of degradation in vivo. In the search for a melanoma vaccine, the human tumour antigen Melan-A/MART-1 (27-35) has been used as a model to design peptides with improved characteristics for use in anti-tumour vaccines. The epitope can induce the production of melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. It has been included in melanoma antigen peptide vaccines, clinical trial data suggest that MART-1 (27-35) in human systems alongside other epitopes does affect the cellular and humoral responses, but much more work is required with this peptide to optimise it for clinical efficacy against melanoma.An alternate route that is possible but less studied is using MART-1 (27-35) to isolate CD8(+) T-cell clones with greater recognition for the epitope due to the contact with the T-cell receptor. This suggests melanomas could be targeted by optimising the T-cell receptor-peptide recognition of the T-cell repertoire by enhancing antigen targeting.

<p>Residues 17-29 of the LL-37 peptide, also known as FK-13. FK-13 has near-similar anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties to LL-37. This core fragment also contains part of the LL-37 actin binding domain and can associate weakly with actin, actin binding protects this fragment from protease degradation.LL-37 is a member of the large cationic family of anti-microbial peptides called cathelicidins which have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity and are expressed in many species. The only cathelicidin found in humans is LL-37- this is produced in epithelial cells, by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of the hCAP-18 protein. LL-37 can be processed into several different forms of anti-microbial peptides. As well as its anti-microbial properties LL-37 also has anti-cancer properties and regulates many aspects of the innate immune system- overexpression of LL-37 has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as asthma and psoriasis.</p>

<p>University of California, Irvine Coronavirus Inhibitor-1 (UCI1-) is a cyclic peptide inhibitor that mimics the conformation of an Mpro substrate and binds at the C-terminal autolytic cleavage site of Mpro. UCI-1 is able to inhibit Mpro in vitro and is non-toxic to human cells in culture.The main protease (Mpro or 3CL protease) is a member of a class of homologous cysteine proteases that are needed for viral replication in coronavirus caused diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and SARS CoV-2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and therefore represents a key drug target for coronaviruses.UCI-1 contains amino acid side chains from the P2, P1, P1', and P2' positions of the Mpro substrate that are designed to fill the S2, S1, S1', and S2' pockets of the Mpro active site. UCI-1 acts as an inhibitor against Mpro, and lays the groundwork for developing further cyclic peptide inhibitor analogues of UCI-1.</p>

<p>Mastoparan is a 14-residue cationic peptide toxin isolated from the wasp Vespula lewisii venom which shows an important potency as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent but also as a Cell Permeable Peptide.<br>Mastoparan is mainly known to be a receptor-independant and allosteric regulator of G-protein by stimulating GTPase activity.<br>Besides modulating the activity of G-protein, Mastoparan have the ability to bind other intracellular targets such as Ca2+-ATP (implicated in Ca2+ release), small GTP binding proteins rho and rac, and many others.<br>Mastoparan also belongs to the cell permeable peptide (CPP) family. As such, Mastoparan increases the membrane conductance and permeability of planar lipid bilayer and liposomal membranes which leads to enhanced the penetration of Ca2+, Na+ or K+ ions.<br>Mastoparan have also a potential antibiotic effect due to its potent antimicrobial activity which can turn Mastoparan to a potential drug for infectious diseases.<br>Some studies have also reported that Mastoparan exhibits potent anti-cancer activities toward leukemia, myeloma, and breast cancer cells with an approximately half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9µM, 11µM and 22µM respectively.<br>Mastoparan have shown to be more specific to cancer cells than to normal cells.</p>

<p>Peptide substrate for the kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), the most abundant KLK family protease in the stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis). KLK family have been implicated in several key homeostatic processes and in skin diseases that feature impaired desquamation. Increased levels of KLK7, have been identified in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). T-helper type 2 cytokines, including interleukin 4 (IL-4) and-IL-13, can stimulate expression of KLK7, suggesting a direct link between inflammation in AD and KLK7 levels.KLK7 cleaves its substrates after tyrosine or phenylalanine residues. This peptide contains a C-terminal 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) fluorescent tag, which is quenched when linked to the peptide via the amide bond. AMC is cleaved from the peptide by KLK7, upon cleavage the AMC fluorescence is activated.</p>

<p>Neurotensin (NT) is involved in food absorption in the gut as well as acting as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). In the intestine, NT increases fatty acid translocation, in part by increasing intestinal blood flow. In the CNS, NT regulates pathways associated with ghrelin and leptin which mediate satiety and food ingestion. NT is also involved in the regulation of Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Prolactin release and also plays a role in hypotension- analgesia- gut contraction- vascular permeability- maintaining energy homeostasis- fat storage and metabolic disorders. Higher plasma pro-NT levels are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. NT is therefore a potential target for treating obesity-related diseases.NT is secreted from neuroendocrine cells in the small intestine upon fat intake and exerts its physiological actions by binding three NT receptor (NTR) types- NTR1, NTR2, and NTR3.NTR1 is highly expressed in various tumour cells including- small cell carcinoma/small cell lung cancer (SCLC)- meningiomas- astrocytomas- glioblastoma- pancreatic and colonic carcinoma, and breast and prostate cancers. NTR1 is therefore a possible target for novel cancer therapy.</p>

<p>Jelleines are a family of very small (8-9 amino acid residues long) host defence peptides (HDPs) isolated from the royal jelly of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Jelleines do not present any similarity with other HDPs from other honeybees and are produced by the workers and secreted into Royal Jelly and provide abroad-spectrum protection of the bee hive against microbial infections. The Jelleines are not considered cytolytic or directly involved with inflammatory effects.Jelleine-I may be produced by tryptic digestion of MRJP-1 (produced in the hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee and secreted into the royal jelly), followed by an exoproteinase action on N-terminal of the tryptic fragment. Jelleine-I is only 953.24-Da and exhibits excellent anti-microbial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Jelleine-I increases the production of cellular ROS and binds with genomic DNA, which may contribute to its anti-fungal activity.PLEASE NOTE that in several published articles the sequence of Jelleine-I has been printed as PFKLSLHL -NH2, due to a mistake in the original reference: Fontana et al., (2004). The correct sequence, is PFKISIHL-NH2.</p>

<p>HLA-A*02 is a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele which is part of the HLA-A group of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) leukocyte antigens (HLA). HLA-A is a human MHC class I cell surface receptor and is involved in presenting short polypeptides to the immune system. These polypeptides are typically 7-11 amino acids in length and originate from proteins being expressed by the cell. Cytotoxic T cells in the blood "read" the peptide presented by the complex and should only bind to non-self peptides. If binding occurs, a series of events is initiated culminating in cell death via apoptosis. New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is part of a well-characterized group of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs). Normally, NY-ESO-1 expression is restricted to germ cells and placental cells, however NY-ESO-1 is also expressed in several cancers including: neuroblastoma- myeloma- metastatic melanoma- synovial sarcoma as well as bladder- oesophageal- hepatocellular- head and neck- non-small cell lung- ovarian- prostate and breast cancers and is often associated with poor prognosis. NY-ESO-1 is also able to elicit a spontaneous immune response, being the most immunogenic among the CTA family members and is therefore the most promising CTA candidate target for cancer immunotherapy.NY-ESO-1 is coexpressed with melanoma antigen gene C1, a member of the MAGE family of CTAs which is involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis.</p>

<p>Nangibotide, also referred as LR12, is an antagonist of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, and was derived from residues 94 to 105 of TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1).TREM-1 plays a crucial role in the onset of sepsis by amplifying the host immune response. TLT-1- and TLT-1-derived peptides therefore exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by dampening TREM-1 signalling.  LR12 blocks TREM-1 by binding to the TREM-1 ligand and provides protective effects during sepsis such as inhibiting hyper-responsiveness, organ damage, and death, without causing deleterious effects. The protective effects of modulating TREM-1 signalling are also evident in other models of inflammation such as: pancreatitis- haemorrhagic shock- inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory arthritis.</p>

<p>Inhibits the epigenetic reader YEATS domain of the Eleven-nineteen leukemia (ENL) protein and perturbs the recruitment of ENL onto chromatin. Induces downregulation of a set of genes that are essential for leukemogenesis and leukaemia maintenance.</p>

<p>Graft versus host (GVH) rejection has been linked to the mismatch of minor histocompatibility (H) antigens even when matched for the major antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The minor H antigens are encoded by autosomal and Y chromosome genes, they function as supports to MHC during synthesis. The prevention of GVH disease induced by minor H antigens is currently managed with immunosuppression. Using models and H antigen epitopes can provide research in to how GVH disease could be better managed by inducing tolerance. Mice are the preferred model for H antigen research due to their homogeneity apart from the Y chromosomal genes of the males. The peptide provided here is the T-cell epitope for the male-specific transplantation antigen (H-Y). It was derived from the mouse ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat gene on the Y chromosome (Uty) protein. Uty HY Peptide has been used to investigate transplantation tolerance of male to female grafts by inhibiting the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses.</p>

<p>Apelin (65-76), human is derived from the apelin peptide which acts as a ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) G protein coupled receptor and is a substrate for angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Preprapelin, encoded for by APLN located on Xq25-26.1, is cleaved to form either apelin 36 or apelin 17, 12 and 13. As a member of the adipokine hormone family, which are involved in processes such as vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis, the apelin is secreted from adipose tissue.Apelin has been found to be expressed in the spinal cord and the human brain and when performing immunohistochemistry it was observed that apelin-17 is significantly expressed in the human heart, brain, lungs and endothelial cells.Both apelin and the apelin receptor are widely distributed around the body thus apelin has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Studies exploring myocardial infarction showed there to be greater apelin mRNA expression during human heart failure compared to in healthy tissue. Apelin protects against heart failure due to, the pyroglutamyl form of apelin, playing a role in decreasing infarct size of myocardial infarctions. Furthermore in rats with hypertension, the expression of apelin and APJ was decreased.</p>

<p>Portion of Influenza NP</p>

<p>This C-terminal Sortagging peptide acts as a (oligo)glycine nucleophile in the final steps of a sortagging protein labelling reaction. This reaction results in the [Cys(AF488)] fluorescent moiety being attached to the C-terminus of the target protein or peptide.A substrate peptide containing the LPXTG motif is recognised and cleaved by the enzyme Sortase A (SrtA) from Staphylococcus aureus. The catalytic cysteine residue in the active site of SrtA, serves as a nucleophile to cleave the peptide bond between threonine and glycine of the substrate peptide. Cleavage results in the formation of a thioacyl intermediate between the substrate peptide and SrtA. This intermediate is then resolved by the N-terminus of this (oligo)glycine nucleophile peptide, resulting in the creation of a new peptide bond that links the substrate peptide to this peptide and its fluorescent dye.  This method of protein labelling is known as sortagging.This peptide contains the AF488 fluorescent dye AF488 is a bright green dye with excitation at 488 nm, it is water soluble and stable from pH 4 to pH 10.</p>

<p>Tetanus Toxin (1174-1189) is a protein that is derived from the single-chain polypeptide neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The neurotoxins produced by Clostridium tetani are among the most potent molecules known to humankind. Once in the body, the toxin binds to the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. From here, the toxin is transported to inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord, where it prevents the release of neurotransmitters, which causes spastic paralysis.</p>

<p>This 32 amino acid peptide contains a 17 amino acid ring structure that is common to all natriuretic peptides. It is also called the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) because it was first identified in porcine brain- however, the main source of this peptide is not the brain but the cardiac ventricle. This cardiac neurohormone is secreted from the ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. It has natriuretic and vasodilatory effects and suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LDEETGEFL-NH2 is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>The human oligopeptide transporter (PEPT1) is a critical transporter of dipeptides, tripeptides, and peptide-like drugs, including β-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics, and ACE inhibitors. Therefore, there is an effort to understand better the transport mechanism and substrate requirements of PEPT1 to improve drug uptake.N-L-Glutamyl-L-Lysine is a dipeptide that naturally occurs in the body during protein degradation. It has been used in functional transport assays with other dipeptides to understand PEPT1 binding specificity with substrates and how this affects the conformation. N-L-Glutamyl-L-Lysine, along with other short peptides, is a vital tool in studying facilitator transporters like PEPT1. N-L-Glutamyl-L-Lysine has two charges and forms an intramolecular salt bridge that places the side chains in close proximity to fit the transporter better. N-L-Glutamyl-L-Lysine has helped understand that PEPT1 doesn't bind all dipeptides, and not all bound peptides are transported. Further work with N-L-Glutamyl-L-Lysine could further define the structure&amp;minus-transport relationships of PEPT1 for better drug transportation.</p>

<p>Gastrin-1 Rat.</p>

<p>This C-terminal Sortagging peptide acts as a (oligo)glycine nucleophile in the final steps of a sortagging protein labelling reaction. This reaction results in the fluorescent moiety being attached to the C-terminus of the target protein or peptide.A substrate peptide containing the LPXTG motif is recognised and cleaved by the enzyme Sortase A (SrtA) from Staphylococcus aureus. The catalytic cysteine residue in the active site of SrtA, serves as a nucleophile to cleave the peptide bond between threonine and glycine of the substrate peptide. Cleavage results in the formation of a thioacyl intermediate between the substrate peptide and SrtA. This intermediate is then resolved by the N-terminus of this (oligo)glycine nucleophile peptide, resulting in the creation of a new peptide bond that links the substrate peptide to this peptide and its fluorescent dye.  This method of protein labelling is known as sortagging.This peptide contains Sulfocyanine5, which is a fluorescent red dye.</p>

<p>(Arg8) Vasotocin (AVT) is a member of the neurohypophyseal hormone family which contains 9 amino acids with the cysteines at positions 1 and 6 linked through a disulphide bridge. Within the central nervous system of lower vertebrates, AVT has been shown to play a role as a neuromodulator and controls reproductive behaviour. Furthermore it regulates osmotic and electrolyte balance and blood pressure within the periphery. In the mammalian brain AVT functions through arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin receptor cross-reactions. Mice have an AVT reactive receptor specific to AVT and neuropeptide S. This AVT which functions to regulate processes such as sleep and reproduction.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Phe-Ser(Psi(Me,Me)Pro)-OH is a diastereomer of Fmoc-Phe-Ser. It is used as a substrate for peptide synthesis and can be used to synthesize oxytocin receptor antagonists. It has been shown to have high affinity for the oxytocin receptor and inhibits the binding of oxytocin to the receptor by competing with it for the same site on the receptor. This inhibition leads to decreased levels of oxytocin that are responsible for uterine contractions during labour and milk ejection from the breast during breastfeeding. Fmoc-Phe-Ser(Psi(Me,Me)Pro)-OH also has been shown to be useful in filtration techniques such as chlorides, propargylamines, and divalent cyclopentenones.</p>

<p>JAG-1(188-204). Jagged - 1 is a cell surface ligand for in the Notch pathway. Notch receptors and ligands are present on the extracellular service of cells and require cell-cell contact for engagement. Ligand binding to Notch receptors results in the proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound Notch receptors, thus allowing the intercellular region to be transported to the nucleus and become a transcriptional activator. The ligand-induced Notch activation is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, Mindbomb1 (Mib-1) and Neuralized.JAG1 is widely expressed throughout mammalian development, across many tissues and developmental stages. Notch signalling plays a critical role in cellular fate determination including muscle cell differentiation, neurogenesis, and the development of the sensory regions of the inner ear- heart- kidney- eye- lung and other tissues.Jag-1 has been implicated in breast- cervical- colorectal- endometrial- gastric- head and neck- ovarian- hepatocellular- lung- pancreatic- prostate, and kidney and adrenocortical cancers, leukemia and lymphoma. Co-overexpression of Notch-1 and Jagged-1 predicts the poorest overall cancer survival. JAG1 mutations have also been associated Alagille syndrome.</p>

<p>Antagonist peptide of VEGF-A and VEGF-B reproducing two binding regions of VEGF-B (loop 1 and loop3) linked together by a receptor binding region of VEGF-A (loop3). Binds to both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 and inhibits VEGF-A driven proliferation, migration and tube formation in HUVECs.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (331-345)</p>

<p>Portion of EBV EBNA 3</p>

<p>Proinsulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), links the A and B chains of proinsulin. Upon enzymatic cleavage of C-peptide from pro-insulin in the pancreas, C-peptide is released into the blood stream along with insulin (A- and B-chains bonded together) in equimolar quantities. C-peptide can influence a wide variety of physiological conditions linked to diabetes, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and encephalopathy. C-peptide is able to ameliorate and reverse the degrading effects of neuropathy in diabetes.</p>

<p>[Nle12] alpha-factor is a cyclic analog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor mating pheromone.</p>

<p>[5-FAM]-ERKtide</p>

<p>[5-FAM]-TAT is a cell penetrating cationic peptide derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a trans-activator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Specifically TAT (47-57) is located within the arginine-rich basic domain 48-60 of the TAT peptide which as a whole has three domains which function to aid HIV through transactivation, DNA binding and nuclear transport. As a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) TAT aids in the cellular uptake of molecules and hence serves a valuable purpose in transduction methods. This property has been demonstrated through its ability of allowing toxins such as the neurotoxin Botulinum neurotoxin Type A, produced by the Clostridium botulinum type A bacteria to penetrate the skin barrier non-invasively. Additionally TAT (47-57) can be used to deliver proteins, fluorophores, chelators and DNA to target cells.It contains 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>Histone H3 (1-21) K9Me2 is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter to change the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available to the transcription machinery or inaccessible.The Histone H3 (1-21) lysine 9 has been dimethylated.</p>

<p>Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD. Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then γ-secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.</p>

Peptide H-SDPNFLRF-NH2 is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>Peptide H-ELRRKMMYM-NH2 is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 NSP7 (1-15)</p>

<p>The LDVP peptide (CS1), located in the type III connecting segment (V-region) of fibronectin, exhibits cell binding properties thus contributing to the adhesion of fibronectin to other cells.</p>

This peptide is derived from gliadin wheat protein residues 31-43. It elicits an innate immune response by upregulating expression of interleukin (IL)-15 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. This peptide also promotes expression of CD25 on monocytes and macrophages, expression of CD83 on dendritic cells, and p38 MAP kinase activation. Treatment with this peptide allows immunodominant epitopes (57-68 and 62-75) to induce T-cell activation and enterocyte apoptosis.

<p>Venom peptidomes and proteomes have yielded significant novel drug discoveries. The non-disulphide bridge peptides (NDBPs) have become a particular focus due to their large range of structures as well biological activity while retaining high specificity.AcrAP2 was identified as a NDBP in A. crassicauda within highly conserved family of proteins. Data shows it has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast while also capable of haemolysing horse erythrocytes. However, AcrAP2 did not affect the growth of cancerous cell lines tested. Therefore, this peptide could be a useful model for modification to improve its potency. Furthermore, it may allow researchers to identify specific targets in disease pathways for new drug designs. A significant example of this, bradykinin-potentiating peptide Captopril® manages hypertension and originated from the conserved NDBP family.</p>

<p>IRBP (161-180) derived from the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), present in the interphotoreceptor matrix and is expressed by cone and rod photoreceptors in the eye. IRBP is involved in retinoid delivery and protects retinal cells from oxidative stress.In retinitis pigmentosa patients, IRBP can be subjected to mutations resulting in a non-secreted form of IRBP to be produced. Furthermore IRBP gene mutations have been associated with high myopia and retinal dystrophy.The expression of IRBP is reduced in diabetes patients which may lead to visual cycle misfunction and the photoreceptors can be vulnerable to damage.</p>

<p>Sal-like4 (SALL4) derived peptide able to antagonise the SALL4-NuRD complex in hepatocellular carcinoma, turning SALL4 from a dual transcription repressor-activator to a singular transcription activator. Displays antitumour effects in xenograft mouse models.</p>

<p>Amino acids 1-15 of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), this fragment represents one of many short Aβ species found in vivo and is formed by the cleavage of amyloid β precursor protein by β- and α-secretase.Aβ has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD.Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then γ-secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.</p>

<p>AAT is a highly abundant serine protease inhibitor primarily produced in the liver to protect the lung tissue. However, misfolding of AAT can result in significant liver disease, lung disease, and cancers. Defective AAT is characteristic of the misfolding protein diseases known as serpinopathies.Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was used to identify Ac-TTAI-amide as a ligand effecting α1-antitrypsin stability. Interaction of Ac-TTAI-amide with AAT results in increased stability and reduced polymerisation. Thus Ac-TTAI-amide is a useful target for further research in to serpinopathy management.</p>

<p>Tat (47-57) is a cell penetrating cationic peptide derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a trans-activator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Specifically TAT (47-57) is located within the arginine-rich basic domain 48-60 of the TAT peptide which as a whole has three domains which function to aid HIV through transactivation, DNA binding and nuclear transport. As a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) TAT aids in the cellular uptake of molecules and hence serves a valuable purpose in transduction methods. This property has been demonstrated through its ability of allowing toxins such as the neurotoxin Botulinum neurotoxin Type A, produced by the Clostridium botulinum type A bacteria to penetrate the skin barrier non-invasively. Additionally TAT (47-57) can be used to deliver proteins, fluorophores, chelators and DNA to target cells.</p>

<p>TMPRSS4 (199-207) fluorogenic peptide</p>

<p>This is an incretin hormone that causes glucose dependent release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. It is the cleavage product of GLP-1 (1-36) amide peptide.  This peptide, human GLP-1 (7–36), shares the same sequence with preproglucagon (78-107), amide, human.</p>

<p>Palmitoyl KTTKS pentapeptide.</p>

<p>HLA-A*02 is a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele which is part of the HLA-A group of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) leukocyte antigens (HLA), found at the HLA-A locus. HLA-A is one of three major types of human MHC class I cell surface receptors. The receptor is a heterodimer, and is composed of a heavy alpha chain and smaller β chain. MHC Class I molecules such as HLA-A are part of a process that presents short polypeptides to the immune system. These polypeptides are typically 7-11 amino acids in length and originate from proteins being expressed by the cell. Cytotoxic T cells in the blood "read" the peptide presented by the complex and should only bind to non-self peptides. If binding occurs, a series of events is initiated culminating in cell death via apoptosis. This peptide corresponds to the Hepatitis B variant (HBV) core sequence which is presented on the MHC class I antigen HLA-A*02 and contains fluorescein, a widely used flourescent dye.</p>

<p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) protein superfamily and is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) on the surface of myelin sheaths and oligodendrocyte processes. MOG is expressed at the onset of myelination, and therefore is a potential marker for oligodendrocyte maturation.MOG contains an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic loop, a membrane-associated region and a cytoplasmic tail.  MOG may function as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule.  Fifteen different alternatively spliced isoforms have been detected in humans. These are present either on the cell surface, the endoplasmic reticulum in the endocytic system, or in secreted form.The secreted form of MOG may trigger autoimmunity if released into the cerebrospinal fluid and periphery. MOG is thought to be a key target for auto-antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses in inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is therefore widely studied in this field.The MOG (35-55) fragment is the most potent auto-antigenic region of MOG, and the most effective at inducing experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model that resembles MS. This peptide has an uncharged C-terminal amide, an acid form is also available in our catalogue.</p>

<p>The ionic-complementary octapeptide, FEFEFKFK, can self-assemble into antiparallel β-sheet rich fibres and forms very stable hydrogels when at a concentration of more than 20 mg/mL (in water).These peptide hydrogels are naturally biocompatible and biodegradable and can be metabolised by the body. Such hydrogels have been shown to mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix, thus offering cells a niche to undertake their physiological functions. These properties mean that these hydrogels have the potential for use in medical applications.FEFEFKFK hydrogels are able to support the culture of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells in three dimensions with sustained cell viability. They can also support the differentiation into osteoblasts and promote mineralisation upon addition of osteogenic stimulation. They therefore have potential for use in the regeneration of hard tissues such as alveolar bone following injury or degeneration.</p>

<p>TP10 is an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide (CPPs) known as transportan 10. Its formation involves the use of a lysine residue to form a chimeric linkage between a mastoparan 21-residue peptide, a wasp venon 14-residue peptide and 6-residues derived from the neuropeptide galanin. Structurally TP10 contains only positively charged amino acids along with 4 lysines and an N-terminus. Therefore it will produce a +5 charge under conditions of a neutral pH. It has been found that TP10 may aid molecules in penetrating through the cell membrane barrier through directly interacting with the lipid bilayer. During these interactions with the membrane TP10 will form an amphipathic α-helix. Consequently TP10 can be used in transduction methods.It contains 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>EB1 is a penetratin analogue that was synthesised to be an endosomolytic cell penetrating peptide (CPP). Certain amino acids in the penetratin sequence were replaced with histidine to encourage formation of an alpha helix upon protonation in the acidic endosomes. As a CPP, EB1 has been shown to form a strong interaction with the phospholipid bilayer during insertion with rapid cellular uptake, there is a moderate amount of cell leakage and no significant cytotoxicity. EB1 is provided here as a C-terminal amide with a N-terminal 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag often preferred due to its high stability absorbance 492 (nm), 518 emission (nm).</p>

<p>Small peptide design has become of interest to catalyse chemical transformations within the cell. The aim is to generate peptides to enhance the hybridization of attached oligonucleotides to complementary DNA sequences. (AAKK)4 is modelled on the surface of staphylococcal nuclease, it a short cationic lysine-rich peptide that can deliver a nucleophile to DNA or RNA. (AAKK)4 peptide can improve DNA-PNA (peptide nucleic acid) hybridisations dramatically as well as increase strand invasion rate. (AAKK)4 peptide is a non-lipid approach for cell penetration which is preferable for certain cell lines due to cytotoxicity issues. (AAKK)4-antisense conjugates have been used to silence gene expression.(AAKK)4 is provided here with a N-terminal alkyne attachment. Two of the most regularly encountered functional groups for click chemistry are azides and alkynes, and the azide-alkyne cycloaddition has become the most popular click reaction. The use of click chemistry with alkyne-(AAKK)4 allows a wide variety of applications particularly for conjugation, modification, and peptide design.</p>

<p>Reactivity to human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is a rising concern in clinical treatments such as organ transplant rejection. Understanding the epitopes and the signalling pathways leading to reactivity could produce better clinical therapies in the future. The peptides presented by the non-classical HLA-G are important for a largely tolerogenic role and are considered part of an immune checkpoint. This, therefore, makes understanding ligand characteristics and HLA-G a target for cancer therapies. Interleukin-27 subunit β (22-30) fragment has been identified as an epitope that human leukocyte antigen HLA-G naturally presents, determined by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This epitope has been used extensively in the literature to help understand the natural ligand presentation of HLA-G.For example, leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are key regulators of the immune response and therefore targets for therapeutics. Inhibitory LILRB1 and LILRB2 with HLA-G are pivotal for immunotolerance during pregnancy and autoimmune diseases plus cancer cell immune evasion. Interleukin-27 subunit β (22-30) fragment was used in binding affinity assays to clarify the conformational plasticity of the interaction between the receptor, the HLA antigen, and the various peptides HLA-G can accommodate.</p>

<p>Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD.Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then γ-secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS.Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.Aβ1-40 is a major C terminal variant of amyloid β constituting the most abundant AB peptide in the human brain.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LFDSDPITVTVPVEVSR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>[6-FAM]-Arg8 is an arginine rich cell penetrating peptide labelled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM).</p>

<p>Peptide derived from GP33, an epitope of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) which produces a CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.</p>

<p>Peptide H-GDYDLNAVR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>CBL-B (22-37) is derived from the CBL-B E3 ubiquitin ligase which targets receptor tyrosine kinases to lysosome degradation. CBL-B and its family member CBL are expressed in hematopoietic cells and as E3 ubiquitin ligases they contain a tyrosine kinase domain and an RF domain joined by a linker domain. The function of the RF domain is to transfer ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes onto the target protein which is often phosphorylated. Consequently the ubiquitinated substrate, the receptor tyrosine kinases, are ultimately targeted to the lysosome for degradation.EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase whose activation is prevented by CBL and CBL-B when they bind and recruit GRb2, the adapter protein to EGFR. Consequently the ubiquitinylation of EGFR occurs and targets it for recognition by the endosomal protein complex and then lysosome degradation.It has also been found that the CBL family can negatively regulate through ubiquitinylation, PI 3-kinases, Rap G-protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), C3G and Rho GTPase GEF Vav which are all non-receptors.If CBL or CBL-B becomes non-functional it can be associated with malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.</p>

<p>Ovalbumin (OVA) is the primary protein in egg-white, and is involved in initiating food allergies and asthma. It is a highly immunogenic protein and can be used for peptide conjugation in the development of antibodies.OVA (324-340) is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of OVA. The ovalbumin fragment is presented by the class I MHC molecule, H-2Kb.</p>

<p>The PA protein is a subunit of the influenza virus polymerase complex and its endonuclease activity is vital in viral genome replication. As a phosphoprotein it is a casein kinase substrate and its N-terminus is responsible for the activation of a proteolytic process in which co-expressed proteins are degraded.During viral RNA synthesis PA produces 5' capped RNA oligonucleotides due to it cleaving the 5' terminus on pre-mRNA. It is possible that the PA protein could be used as a target in antiviral chemotherapy.</p>

<p>Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a peptide hormone which is deficient in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Amylin is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. It inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and thus acts as a satiety agent.  Amylin peptide is capable of forming aggregates, and pancreatic amyloid plaques are present in 90% of patients with DM. Formation of these plaques may be inhibited by insulin via the formation of heteromolecular complexes. Amylin is also involved in adiposity signalling and body weight regulation.Amylin is expressed in the human placenta during pregnancy where it may help regulate food intake by both the mother and foetus, and is involved in foetal development of bone, kidneys and pancreas.</p>

<p>Thrombin receptor inhibitory peptide (TRIP). Thrombin activates members of the PAR family of receptors to initiate a variety of signalling pathways.Protease activated receptors (PARs) are a distinctive four-member family of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) widely expressed in inflammatory cells. PARs are cleaved by certain serine proteases to expose a tethered ligand domain, this ligand domain then binds to and activates the receptors to initiate multiple signalling cascades. This peptide mimics the tethered peptide ligand of PAR- 2, but lacks the S42 residue which is important for receptor activation, and therefore acts as a thrombin antagonist peptide.</p>

Peptide H-TMLLQPAGSLGSYSYR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>Custom research peptide; min purity 95%. For different specs please use the Peptide Quote Tool</p>

Peptide Ac-CDDLIKVVEELTRIH-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

Peptide H-APYTFGQGTK^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

Peptide H-SSVSDYVNYDIIVR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

Peptide H-IVEIPFNSTNK^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>H3 is a core component of the nucleosome, functioning in DNA compaction and availability to transcription machinery. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodelling. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. There is a wealth of data recording these modifications but understanding their significance is not as clear. H3K23me3, an enriched modification in heterochromatin, is known to bind histone demethylase KDM4A. H3K23me3 is also necessary for timely and accurate meiotic divisions.H3 amino acids 14-34 with lysine 23 trimethylated are provided here with a biotin label for easy use in detection by fluorescence microscopy, ELISA or western blots. Alternatively, it can be purified for protein-protein interactions with the appropriate affinity purification protocol.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 Spike (411-420)</p>

<p>Synthetic host defence peptide derivative with strong anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Apolipoprotein A-I enables the efflux of fat molecules from within cells as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles for transport back into LDL particles or to the liver for excretion. HDLs are one of five major groups of lipoproteins. Increasing concentrations of HDL particles are strongly associated with decreasing accumulation of atherosclerosis within the walls of arteries. Apolipoprotein A-I is often used as a biomarker for prediction of cardiovascular diseases, such that low levels of APOA1 are associated with an increased risk of adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease. In such cases, APOA1 can be used as a biomarker to predict cardiovascular disease progression.This peptide contains a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification.</p>

Peptide H-TTP^P^V^LDSDGSYFLYSK^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>Custom research peptide; min purity 95%. For different specs please use the Peptide Quote Tool</p>

<p>Peptide H-GYSFVTTAER^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Tumstatin is an anti-angiogenic matrikine fragment of collagen IV alpha3 subunit and a VEGF antagonist. Matrikines are bioactive extra cellular matrix (ECM) fragments which regulate cellular metabolism and influence ECM deposition and degradation. Airways of people with asthma have an 18-fold reduction in the levels tumstatin in their airway walls. Tumstatin reverses airway inflammation and remodelling in animal models of asthma in a mechanism involving autocrine remodelling of the ECM. The ECM regulates many aspects of cell biology including gene expression and inflammatory pathways. The airways ECM in asthma has been implicated in airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), airway thickening, chronic inflammation and increased angiogenesis. Tumstatin fosters an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic microenvironment which inhibits neutrophils in the airway tissue by modifying airway smooth muscle (ASM)-derived ECM. Tumstatin is present in endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells and primary lung fibroblasts, but not in primary ASM cells.</p>

<p>Biotin-Tat (47-57) is a cell penetrating cationic peptide derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a trans-activator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Specifically Biotin-TAT (47-57) is located within the arginine-rich basic domain 48-60 of the TAT peptide which as a whole has three domains which function to aid HIV through transactivation, DNA binding and nuclear transport. As a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) TAT aids in the cellular uptake of molecules and hence serves a valuable purpose in transduction methods. This property has been demonstrated through its ability of allowing toxins such as the neurotoxin Botulinum neurotoxin Type A, produced by the Clostridium botulinum type A bacteria to penetrate the skin barrier non-invasively.This peptide has an uncharged C-terminal amide.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LVINGNPITIFQER^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-SGFRK^ME-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-viral therapeutics due to its highly conserved sequence and is essential for viral replication.  NSP13 is part of the helicase superfamily 1B. As an NTPase and RNA helicase, NSP13 binds to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and acts in concert with the replication-transcription complex to stimulate backtracking and further activate NSP13 helicase activity. These factors make NSP13 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP13 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP13 (426-440) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.</p>

<p>NanoLuc (Nluc) is an engineered luciferase protein which was developed from the luciferase of deep-sea shrimp (Oplophorus gracilirostris). This luciferase protein is considerably smaller than firefly or Renilla luciferase yet has higher luminescent intensity.In the NanoBiT assay system the NanoLuc luciferase protein has been separated into a large fragment, LgBiT, and a small fragment. HiBiT has a very similar amino acid sequence to the original small fragment and therefore has high specific affinity for the N-terminal large fragment, LgBiT. When these two fragments interact NanoLuc activity is restored. This system offers a novel alternative to conventional immunoblot analysis for the detection of protein expression when the HiBiT tag is added to the protein of interest and cell lysate is incubated with LgBiT. HiBiT peptide is capable of producing bright and quantitative luminescence through high affinity complementation with an 18 kDa subunit derived from NanoLuc (LgBiT).</p>

<p>Peptide H-YSDYFKPFSTGK^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide pE-VHHQK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>CREB327/active transcription factor CREB-A (113-126), human.</p>

<p>Histone H3 (32-47) is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into a structure known as the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available or inaccessible to the transcription machinery.</p>

Custom research peptide; min purity 95%. For different specs please use the Peptide Quote Tool

<p>An angiotensin II (Ang-II) receptor antagonist, the sequence of the angiotensin II anti-peptide has been derived from the anti-sense mRNA complementary to the human Ang-II mRNA. The anti-peptide shares 50% sequence homology with Ang-II and acts to inhibit some of Ang-II's biological activities.Ang-II is a key signalling peptide of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which is involved in regulating blood pressure, cardiovascular function and energy balance. RAS activity is elevated in obesity and is widely studied in relation to lifestyle-related diseases. Ang-II is produced from angiotensinogen (AGT) via the intermediate angiotensin I (Ang-I). AGTis cleaved by the aspartyl-protease, renin, to produce Ang-I, which is then cleaved by the dicarboxyl-peptidase angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE removes a histidine and a leucine, from the C-terminus of Ang-I to form Ang-II.Ang-II exerts its affect by binding to the G-protein-coupled receptors- Ang II type 1 (AT1) and Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptors. Ang-II plays central roles in glucose metabolism and blood pressure. Increased levels of Ang-II have also been associated with Alzheimer's disease, and certain cancers including oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), brain cancers and breast cancer. The effects of Ang-II appear to be supressed by another branch of the RAS- the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway.</p>

<p>There are three members of the p160 family of steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3. These steroid receptor coactivators control the functional output of numerous genetic programs and serve as pleiotropic rheostats for diverse physiological processes. Coactivator proteins interact with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent manner and augment transcription.</p>

<p>Histatins are histidine rich cationic peptides produced in salivary glands and released into the saliva. The main histatins that make up more than 80% of histatins in saliva are histatin 1, histatin 3 and histatin 5. There are two histatin genes, one which encodes histatin 1, and one that encodes histatin 3, all other histatins are derivatives of these two histatins. Histatin 3 is a precursor of histatin 5, each with distinct roles.Histatin 5  is considered an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) as it has antibacterial activity as has been shown against opportunist infections such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. Histatin 5 also has potent anticandidal activity for example against Candida and Leishmania, it is shown to be the strongest antifungal of the histatins.  The antifungal activity functions by invasion of the microbe and entry to the mitochondria, histatin 5 then inhibits ATPase activity resulting in rapid depletion and ultimately bacterial cell death/apoptosis. As a salivary peptide, it inhibits Bacteroides gingivalis proteinase clostripain and protease activity microbe implicated in periodontal disease.</p>

The ME™ Kit is used for specific isolation of extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles) in as little as 45 minutes using a standard bench top centrifuge. This product is optimized for urine or media samples and contains the 1mg Vn96 peptide (enough for 20x samples), 500µl ME buffer, a negative control (100µg Vn96 scrambled peptide) and 50µl purified exosomes from HEK293 cells as positive control.Extracellular vesicle isolation, is becoming essential in diagnostics and therapeutics. These small membrane-enclosed particles play important roles in many biological processes, including communication, immune response, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. They are also being studied for their use as biomarkers for various diseases and as potential therapeutics against cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. It is becoming known that blood profiling alongside exosome analysis provides scientists with suitable resources to monitor disease progression. To combat the challenges associated with exosome isolation Cymit Quimica have developed two ME™ Kits, available for purchase online based on optimization for how different sample types behave: urine or media samples (ME-020) and plasma samples (ME-020P). Our technique produces results comparable to ultracentrifugation, but at much greater efficiency as 1/30th the sample size is required, fulfilling the needs of the diagnostic and pharma industries. The underlaying mechanisms of how the kit works – an affinity for canonical HSPs – may allow for this to be applied fairly broadly, since HSPs are roundly conserved from bacteria to higher order mammals.For more information on the effectiveness and flexibility of this extracellular isolation technology read our publication (Gosh, 2014).