Enzyme Substrates

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 acetate is a chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterases yielding a red precipitate. In contrast to classical indoxyl substrates, Aldol® substrates can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside (X-Fuc) is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the identification and detection of fucosidase enzyme activity. Upon cleavage by fucosidase, it generates a blue-colored 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-indole precipitate, which can be easily observed under a microscope or spectrophotometer. This feature makes X-Fuc an invaluable tool across various applications, such as biochemical analysis, histochemical staining, cell biology, and enzyme kinetic assays. By providing a fast, sensitive, and reliable readout for fucosidase activity, 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside facilitates essential research in the understanding of biological processes and the development of therapeutic interventions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic substrate that produces a salmon-pink color after enzymatic cleavage. It is used for detecting the activity of beta-D-cellobiosidase in enzyme assays.</p>

<p>Dehydroluciferin is a bioluminescence probe that is a potent inhibitor of the firefly luciferase reaction. It is a byproduct of the oxidation of luciferin, the substrate for firefly luciferase, which catalyzes the bioluminescence reaction. It can also form during the synthesis or storage of luciferin. Its presence can potentially lead to issues in bioluminescent assays.</p>

<p>2-(N-Hexadecanoylamino)-4-nitrophenylphosphocholine hydroxide, often abbreviated as HDA-PC, is a chromogenic substrate for acid sphingomyelinase enzyme. HDA-PC is used as a key substrate for measuring the activity of this enzyme, responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. The activity assay for this measuring this enzyme's acitivy is to detect a deficiency (or lack) of the enzyme which is directly related to the Niemann-Pick disease.</p>

<p>Luc-S.aureus K is a fluoro-ligand that is used as a diagnostic to detect and quantify the activity of S.aureus in any given sample. It is a detection substrate for the enzyme β-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the luciferin. When luciferin is cleaved by β-galactosidase, it emits light that can be detected using a luminometer to measure the amount of light produced and calculate the quantity of bacteria present in the sample. Luc-S.aureus K has been approved for use as a detector for bioluminescence in food testing, environmental testing, and other diagnostic applications.</p>

<p>Substrate for a-L-arabinopyranosidase</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate that enables the detection and quantification of a-D-mannosidase activity in various biological samples through a colorimetric assay. The hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme releases 4-nitrophenol, a yellow compound whose absorption can be measured spectrophotometrically. Applications for this substrate span biomedical research, disease diagnostics, and industrial enzyme production.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase</p>

<p>Beta-naphthyl stearate is a chromogenic substrate for measuring enzymatic activity.</p>

<p>L-Histidine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for histidine aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-galactosidase activity. The enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-galactosidase positive bacteria and yeasts in liquid or solid media, yielding red color and red fluorescence signal. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can also be used to detect alpha-galactosidase (encoded by the Mel1 gene) in yeast gene reporter assays or for identification of alpha-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-maltotrioside (2CNP) is a potent hypoglycemic agent that has been shown to decrease postprandial blood glucose levels in humans. 2CNP is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. The transfer reactions of 2CNP are enhanced by benzalkonium chloride, which forms an organic complex with the drug. The optimum concentration for the hypoglycemic effect of 2CNP is determined to be 10 μM, which can be detected using an optical sensor. This compound also inhibits α-amylase and other enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, leading to the accumulation of glycogen and lowering the blood glucose level.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-thymidine-3'-phosphate cyclohexylammonium salt is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-thymidine-3'-phosphate cyclohexylammonium salt is used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot detection, immunoassays used to detect proteins.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide (NPG) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to detect the presence of β-glucuronidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be detected by spectrophotometry or visually. It is commonly used in clinical assays to detect the presence of the enzyme in urine samples, as elevated levels can indicate liver or urinary tract diseases. It is also utilized in environmental testing, as some bacteria strains can produce the enzyme as a by-product, making NPG a useful tool for detecting these strains in contaminated water or food sources.</p>

<p>Luc-Salmonella is a conjugate of the enzyme luciferase and the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. Luc-Salmonella has been used for diagnostic purposes in the detection of bacteria in culture media, as well as in environmental and food testing. Luc-Salmonella can be used to detect Salmonella, which is a bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal disease. Luminescence is measured using a luminometer or fluorimeter with an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and emission wavelengths at 510 nm. Luminescence from Luc-Salmonella is typically measured after 1 hour incubation with bacterial cells.<br>Luc-Salmonella has been shown to have high purity and quality due to its unique composition of enzyme substrate. This product has been tested for contamination by sensitive assays such as chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, or fluorescence. The purity level of Luc-Sal</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate used in enzyme assays. It is a substrate of the enzyme beta-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal galactose residues from polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The fluorescent product 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) is formed by cleavage of the terminal galactose residue and can be measured spectrophotometrically at 360 nm. 4-Methylumbelliferone has been used for chemiluminescent detection in immunoassays and as a substrate for bioluminescence reactions.</p>

<p>3-Acetylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase-6-phosphatase. It is used in in diagnostic assays such as Gaucher disease.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase GUS</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-inositol specific phospholipase C activity (PI-PLC, EC 4.6.1.13). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PI-PLC or PI-PLC-positive microorganisms grown in liquid or solid media, yielding an intense red coloration. In combination with Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer, red fluorescence can also obtained. Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Fluorescein-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine triethylammonium salt is a fluorescent phospholipid derivative for phospholipase. This substrate consists of a fluorescein conjugated to DPPE (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine), a key component of biological membranes. This compound is frequently used in membrane dynamics studies and lipid metabolism research. The fluorescein moiety allows visualization of lipid interactions in model membranes, liposomes, or live-cell imaging applications. The triethylammonium salt form enhances solubility and stability, property that facilitates its use in aqueous and lipid-based environments.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of beta-galactosidase enzymes. The enzyme cleaves the substrate to produce a colored product that can be quantified and visualized. This substrate is commonly used in applications such as the detection of lacZ gene expression in bacterial colonies or in histochemical staining of tissues to identify beta-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl sulfate potassium salt is a chromogenic substrate for arylsulfatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl sulfate potassium salt is used in different applications such as the Metachromatic leukodystrophy diagnosis, sulfatase activity assays</p>

<p>3-Indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate used for the detection of the enzyme N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). The enzyme hydrolyzes the NAG conjugate, releasing indole that can be detected through a colorimetric assay. This method is commonly used in clinical chemistry to evaluate kidney function, as NAG is excreted in urine and increased levels may indicate renal injury or disease. The indole NAG assay is also used in microbiology to detect the presence of NAG-producing bacteria.</p>

<p>Bioluminescent substrate for cypridina luciferase</p>

<p>Reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases; test reagent in microbiology</p>

<p>N-Methylindoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside monohydrate (MG) is a chromogenic probe that interacts with galactose residues found on glycoproteins, which are found on cell surfaces, leading to activation of cells. MG also binds specifically to the surface of lung cells and can inhibit the development of certain types of infections..</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is a chromogenic substrate that can be used to measure the activity of aldolase. It is a liquid at room temperature and has a pH of 7.2. The Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is soluble in water and organic solvents such as DMSO and ethanol. This product does not contain any preservatives or additives and is suitable for use with humans and animals. Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is manufactured by Cymit Quimica under patents EP 2427431 and US 8940909.br&gt;br&gt;<br>Aldolase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</p>

<p>6-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)umbelliferyl b-D-cellotrioside is a fluorogenic substrate for cellulases and beta-glucosidases. After hydrolisis, the fluorophore TFMU is released generating a blue fluorescence.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl β-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic (also fluorogenic) substrate. After cleavage, 1-naphthol is released and is used to quantify beta-mannosidase activity.</p>

<p>Resorufin b-D-cellobioside is a fluorogenic substrate for measurement of cellulase activity. The product of enzyme reaction, resorufin, exhibits fluorescence emission at 585 nm with excitation at 571 nm at or near physiological pH values.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminide is a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>L-Luciferin is an enzyme substrate that is used in the detection of bioluminescence. It is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used to detect the presence of glucose in urine. L-Luciferin is also a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used to detect ATP, which is required for cell metabolism. L-Luciferin has been shown to be stable at pH levels ranging from 2.5 to 9 and can be stored for up to 3 years when stored at 4°C with no light or oxygen exposure. This product has CAS No. 754978-59-1, indicating high purity and quality. L-Luciferin will not stain or react with other compounds, making it highly suitable for use as a conjugate in diagnostic tests or as a ligand in fluorescent staining reactions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-glucosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate to visualize beta-glucuronidase activity; produces a red color</p>

<p>L-Alanine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for alanine aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color. Aldol® 484 beta-D-galacto-pyranoside can also be used in beta-gal reporter gene assays or for identification of beta-gal positive transformants on agar. Aldol® 484 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphocholine, commonly known as 4-MUPC, is a synthetic phosphodiester used as an enzyme substrate for phospholipase enzymes. 4-MUPC is used as a fluorogenic substrate to measure the activity of phopholipases, which are important mediators of cell signalling.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for β-D-xylosidase. Identification within the family of Enterobacteriaceae.</p>

<p>3-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate commonly used to assay for beta-glucosidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate is often used in the field of carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry to study enzyme kinetics and inhibition in both in vitro and in vivo systems.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.</p>

<p>L-Proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide is a fluorogenic substrate that is used to measure esterase and peptidase activity in a variety of animal and microbial sources. This compound has been shown to have a lipase activity. L-Proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide is also used as an enzyme preparation and as an enzyme source.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-glucuronidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Used to detect E. coli contamination in food and drinking water due to their β-glucuronidase activity.</p>

<p>Caspases are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death and inflammation. The acronym caspase stands for Cysteine Aspartic Acid Specific Protease due to their specific cleavage of an aspartic acid residue, by mean of a cysteine in the catalytic site of the enzyme._x000D_About 11 or 12 different caspases are known in humans and 10 in mice, participating in numerous different cellular functions. Caspase deficiency, for example, has been identified as a cause of tumor development, while over-activation of some caspases such as caspase-3 can lead to excessive apoptosis that can be observed in several neurodegenerative diseases. Caspases cleave proteins at specific peptide recognition sequences. Ac-DEVD-6-Amino-D-Luciferin (Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-6-Amino-D-Luciferin, Cat.No_x000D_L-8282) is a synthetic chemiluminescent peptide for the determination of caspase-3 and caspase-7activity.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Can be used for the detection of coliforms due to their β-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease C (MPS III C).</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt is a high-quality fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of various enzymes, including beta-glucosidases and sulfatases. Upon hydrolysis by the target enzyme, this substrate releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, allowing for real-time monitoring and accurate measurement of enzyme activities in biochemical assays, diagnostic tests, and research applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt has excellent solubility in water, ensuring a consistent and reliable performance in different experimental conditions. This versatile substrate is an essential tool for researchers and industry professionals who require a sensitive and reproducible detection method for enzymes of interest.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) is commonly used as a substrate for detecting beta-glucuronidase. MUG is used for identifying E. coli contamination in food, drinking water, clinical samples and for rapid bacterial identification in blood cultures. It is recommended in international normatives (ISO, DIN) as a fluorogenic substrate for detection of E. coli. MUG is also a tool assaying the glucuronidase gene in plants.</p>