Chromogenic Substrates

<p>Substrate for a-L-arabinopyranosidase</p>

<p>A chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside is a chromogenic substrate for cellulase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside is used in different applications such as the Biomass conversion research, paper industry applications</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-lactoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to study the activity of enzymes. It produces a color when hydrolyzed, which makes it a valuable tool in screening for enzyme activity and studying enzyme kinetics.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate is a substrate of the hydrolase alkaline phosphatase. The products of the enzymatic reaction are 4-nitrophenol and phosphate.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide (NPG) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to detect the presence of β-glucuronidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be detected by spectrophotometry or visually. It is commonly used in clinical assays to detect the presence of the enzyme in urine samples, as elevated levels can indicate liver or urinary tract diseases. It is also utilized in environmental testing, as some bacteria strains can produce the enzyme as a by-product, making NPG a useful tool for detecting these strains in contaminated water or food sources.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-L-arabinosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Bacterial arabinan degradation assays, gut microbiome analysis</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycoside that is found in the flowers of the plant Eschscholzia californica. It is used as a localizer for bacterial strains and can be hydrolyzed by enzymes to release naphthalene. 2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to inhibit the growth of corynebacterium and diazonium salt, which may be due to its ability to bind to DNA and disrupt protein synthesis. The potential use of this molecule is for its insolubility, which prevents it from being absorbed by skin cells.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to assay for cellobiohydrolase activity. The substrate undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis, releasing 2-nitrophenol which can then be detected via absorbance at 400 nm. This type of substrate is also used for the analysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses in plant materials. The heptaacetate modification enhances solubility, making it ideal for use in organic solvents, and it also protects against unwanted hydrolysis by acid or alkali. The substrate can be used in a variety of applications, including enzyme assay development, screening for inhibitors or activators, and in the study of the mode of action and substrate specificity of cellulase enzymes.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrates targeting beta-xylosidase</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-b-D-cellotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of cellulase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-b-D-cellotetraoside is used in bacterial cellulase detection and biomass conversion research.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a substrate used to measure the alpha-mannosidase activity. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the lysosomal degradation of asparagine-linked carbohydrate cores of glycoproteinsis. The use of 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside in diagnostic assays is important as a deficiency in alpha-mannosidase leads to the accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in lysosomes, causing a range of health problems collectively known as alpha-mannosidosis.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of galactosidase enzymes in various biological and biochemical assays. It consists of a nitrophenyl group attached to a galactose sugar molecule through a thioglycosidic bond. When acted upon by enzymes such as galactosidases, it releases the colored nitrophenyl group, which can be detected using spectrophotometry. This substrate is commonly used in assays for the detection of LacZ activity in bacterial cultures, as lacZ encodes for β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl b-D-Mannopyranoside, also known as X-Man, is an enzyme substrate commonly used for detecting mannosidase enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a blue-green colored compound that can be detected visually or measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is useful in characterizing the activity of mannosidases involved in glycoprotein processing and quality control.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase, a reporter gene used to monitor gene expression by detecting the enzyme's activity. It yields a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate to visualize beta-glucuronidase activity; produces a red color</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidases. In biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostics analysis, the substrate is used to monitor the glycosyltransferase activity. When 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is cleaved by beta-glucosidase, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol is released and quantified.</p>

<p>Substrate for the detection of beta-D-fucosidase</p>

<p>6-Bromo-2-naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of chitinase activity. Upon hydrolysis by chitinase, it releases a yellow-brown color, which is easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used to study chitinases in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. It can also be used to quantitate chitinase activity in various biological samples.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is used in different applications such as the diagnosis of Schindler-Kanzaki disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl hexadecanoate is a chromogenic substrate for an enzyme that oxidizes it to produce a blue color. It can be used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. 6CHIH is a ligand for various enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid. This compound reacts with oxygen to produce light in the presence of a catalyst. 6CHIH is also used as a fluorescent tag for protein labeling and detection.<br>6CHIH has been shown to be effective in detecting bacteria in food products and water samples using bioluminescence techniques. The high purity and quality of this compound make it suitable for use in diagnostics, culture media, and environmental testing.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate, dilithium salt hydrate is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate, dilithium salt hydrate is used in ELISA and molecular biology assays such as lacZ reporter systems.</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for alpha-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic substrate that produces a salmon-pink color after enzymatic cleavage. It is used for detecting the activity of beta-D-cellobiosidase in enzyme assays.</p>

<p>8-Hydroxyquinoline-beta-D-glucuronic acid, sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for enzymatic detection of peroxidase. The substrate is available in a variety of forms, including powder and liquid. This product has been tested for environmental and bioluminescence activity, as well as food safety. It has also been shown to be a useful ligand in immunoassays.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a specialized chromogenic substrate designed for measuring the activity of thio-β-galactosidase enzymes. Upon cleavage by thio-β-galactosidase, it releases the intensely colored 4-nitrophenolate ion, providing a straightforward, sensitive, and quantitative detection method. This substrate is easily incorporated into enzyme-coupled assays, making it a reliable and convenient choice for research and diagnostic applications. With its rapid color development and high signal-to-background ratio, 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is ideal for monitoring enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity evaluation, and inhibitor screening in a range of scientific and biotechnological settings.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is an an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase. The substrate 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is covalently attached to the enzyme enabling mechanistic studies of glycosidase activity, especificallyt in carbohydrate metabolism studies.</p>

<p>Substrate detecting beta-glucosidase activity</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a pink enzyme substrate commonly used in biochemical research and diagnostic applications. This compound is a derivative of indolyl glucopyranoside, which is known for its ability to produce a colored product upon enzymatic hydrolysis. 6-Chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is particularly useful for studying glycosidases, enzymes that cleave glycosidic bonds in complex carbohydrates. Its pink coloration makes it an ideal choice for colorimetric assays, enabling researchers to monitor enzyme activity in real-time and facilitating the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.</p>

<p>Reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases; test reagent in microbiology</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase. It produces a salmon-pink color after enzymatic cleavage.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-1-acetate is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of esterase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-1-acetate is used in bacterial esterase activity assays (e.g. Pseudomonas spp.).</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-glucanase</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xylobioside is a chromogenic substrate for xylanase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xylobioside is used in different applications such as the Xylan degradation studies, paper/pulp industry applications</p>

<p>Chromogenic sulfatase substrate</p>

<p>Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining</p>

<p>Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is a non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression of lac operon to take place. IPTG is present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a high-quality pNP enzyme substrate developed for the sensitive detection and quantification of Beta-L-fucosidase activity. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate generates 4-nitrophenol, a yellow chromogenic component that can be conveniently measured spectrophotometrically, allowing for accurate determination of enzyme concentration and kinetics. This substrate finds applications in various research fields, diagnostics, and industrial enzyme production.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl caprylate is a substrate that is employed in an assays for carboxylesterase and lipase and when hydrolyzed, produces 2-naphthol, a compound that can also be identified via fluorescence analysis. By combining it with a diazonium salt, the formation of the corresponding azo dye occurs. In particular, this substrate is used to detect the extracellular lipase of Pseudomonas fluorescens B52.</p>

<p>2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate in enzymatic assays with β-galactosidase. Commonly abbreviated as PFONPG, it is a hydrophilic compound that can be dissolved in saline and blood samples, which makes it a suitable candidate for diagnostic applications as a gene reporter probe by simple analytic methodologies. 2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside have been used to detect and monitor the growth of prostate tumor cells.</p>

<p>2,4-Dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside, sometimes referred as 2F-DNPG, is an enzyme substrate for measuring beta-glucosidase activity. It is a mechanism-based inactivator of glycosidases, including beta-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase), a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GBA1 gene responsible for breaking down glucosylceramide into ceramide and glucose. The use of 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside as an enzyme substrate permits the study of the catalytic mechanism and reaction intermediate of these enzymes.</p>

<p>Synthetic chromogenic substrate for detection of lipase enzyme activity that produces a red coloured product, Suitable for use in serum of plasma matrices. This lipase substrate is commonly used in veterinary diagnostics for monitoring and detecting canine pancreatitis,</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-3-acetate is a chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage. Mainly used in histochemistry.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for glucose-6-phosphatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is used in different applications such as the Glycogen storage disease diagnosis (e.g., von Gierke disease)</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a fluorogenic or chromogenic substrate used in food testing. It is also an enzyme substrate that can be used to detect the presence of bioluminescence. 4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate has been shown to have high purity and high quality for use in diagnostic kits. 4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a ligand that is conjugated with other molecules to form complexes for use in fluorescence and chemiluminescence experiments.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-galactofuranosidase</p>

<p>Phosphatase substrate</p>