Metabolismo

<p>Camellianin B, a flavonoid from Camellianin A, has antioxidant effects and blocks ACE.</p>

Asfotase alfa (ENB-0040), a bone-targeted genetically engineered glycoprotein, enhances survival, bone mineralization, and growth while preventing

<p>4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid, a type of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), exhibits affinity for the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) and demonstrates potential agonistic activity.</p>

<p>N-Desmethyl Sildenafil (UK-103,320) (Desmethylsildenafil) is a prominent metabolite of Sildenafil, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5).</p>

4β-hydroxy Cholesterol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T21530 and the CAS number is 17320-10-4.

4A3-SC7 is a polymer of 4A3 amine and functions as an ionizable lipid. It can be utilized in the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to develop a Selective Organ Targeting (SORT) LNP platform.

Bupirimate, a systemic fungicide for powdery mildew in roses and apples, belongs to pyrimidines.

Lasiocarpine HCl is a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic food contaminant.

<p>Active metabolite of silodosin, silodosin glucuronide is made by UGT2B7, toxic to rats (LD50: 0.347 mg/kg).</p>

2-epi-Abamectin, a degradation product of abamectin, exhibits toxicity towards the two-spotted spider mite in contact assays, possessing an LC50 value of 4 ppm. This indicates it is approximately 100-fold less potent than its precursor, abamectin.

<p>hCA/Wnt/β-catenin-IN-1 (Compd 15) serves as an inhibitor with selective affinity for hCA isoforms II, IX, and XII, exhibiting K i values of 33.6, 24.1, and 6.8</p>

ANAT Inhibitor-1 serves as an inhibitor of human aspartate N-acetyltransferase (ANAT), targeting Canavan disease.

L-Pyroglutamic acid β-naphthylamide (PYR) is a derivative of glutamic acid.

DSPE-PEG-Maleimide (MW 4000) ammonium, featuring DSPE phospholipids and maleimide, is utilized for creating nanostructured lipid carriers. It is applicable in drug delivery research.

(3E,8Z,11Z)-Tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate is an additive to tobacco products and a vegetable pest pheromone.

N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate sodium is efficiently used as a substrate in T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.

Pasireotide is a somatostatin analog with a 40-fold increased affinity to somatostatin receptor 5 compared to other somatostatin analogs.

<p>UG-480 is a Gemini analog that effectively stabilizes the active VDR conformation. It exhibits antiproliferative effects in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and is utilized in cancer research.</p>

16α-hydroxy Dehydroepiandrosterone (16α-OH-DHEA) is a neurosteroid found in the brain and a precursor in the biosynthesis of placental estriol.

<p>Dilauryl glycerol sulfate is an auxiliary emulsifier for lipase determination.</p>

C12-Sphingosine is a sphingosine analog that induces serine palmitoyltransferase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, reducing its activity.

<p>(Iso)-Dehydroemetine (Dehydroisoemetine, (+/-)-) is a compound with antispasmolytic effect on smooth muscle.</p>

hCA IX-IN-1 inhibits hCA I/II/IX/XII with Ki of 331.4/28.4/9.4/17.8 nM, has anticancer properties.

Neuron-specific enolase, Human (EC 4.2.1.11), is an enolase enzyme that serves as a biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke following cardiac arrest, hypoxic encephalopathy, and acute spinal cord injury (SCI).

Posaconazole D-glucuronide (SCH 56592 D-glucuronide) is the glucuronide metabolite of the antifungal agent Posaconazole. It is formed in human liver microsomes through catalysis by UGT1A4.

<p>Meproscillarin is a glycoside with high bioavailability (about 70%) and an elimination independent of renal function.</p>

Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium, a compound marked by lithium in its myristoylated form, plays a crucial role in the biochemical mechanism of myristoylation, essential for both viral functionalities and tumor growth in colon epithelial cells. This process is predominantly governed by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which exhibits increased activity in colon epithelial tumors compared to normal cells. The activity of NMT is significantly influenced by the reduction of coenzyme A (CoA), a vital regulator that enhances NMT's ability to induce myristoylation, unlike its oxidized form which impedes this process. Consequently, Myristoyl coenzyme A serves as an inhibitor to the demyristoylation activity, showcasing its potential as an anticancer and antiviral agent.

1-Palmitoyl-2-10-pahsa-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (16:0-10-Pahsa-18:1-TG) is a triglyceride composed of fatty acid esters including Palmitic acid, hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) 10-PAHSA, and Oleic acid.

2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol is isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L..

QXG-6442 is a molecular glue degrader targeting CK1α, demonstrating a degradation potency with a DC50 of 5.7 nM and a Dmax of 90%. In the MOLM-14 cell line, QXG-6442 induces antiproliferative effects.

PTP1B-IN-31 (Compound (S,S)-3ak) is a PTP1B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.81 μM. It works synergistically with cytokine IFNγ to inhibit the growth of tumor cells, making it useful for cancer research.

<p>DPTIP is an effective inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 with an IC50 value of 30 nM.</p>

<p>Thymus peptide C, a hormonal drug derived from the thymus glands of young calves, acts as a substitute for the physiological functions of the thymus.</p>

16(S)-HETE, a CYP450 byproduct of arachidonic acid, inhibits kidney tubule ATPase by 60% at 2 μM upon angiotensin II trigger.

sEH-IN-3 (Compound 50) is a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.46 nM. It helps maintain the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs).

E.coli tRNA adenosine deaminase is derived from Escherichia coli and functions as an adenosine deaminase. It effectively deaminates adenine within single-stranded RNA (ssRNA, primarily in the loop regions of tRNA) or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) but lacks deaminase activity on DNA. This enzyme is a protein-engineered mutant form of adenosine deaminase, efficiently deaminating adenine in ssDNA, making it useful for adenine base editing (ABE) and RNA m6A methylation sequencing.

<p>Coumachlor, a first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, blocks the formation of prothrombin and inhibits blood coagulation causing internal haemorrhage.</p>

L,L-Dityrosine, a component found in the acid hydrolysates of various biological materials, such as insect cuticular resilin, plays a significant role in

TMC-205: natural antiproliferative fungal metabolite; boosts SV40 promoter transcription.

Pancreatic lipase-IN-2 (compound 7r) is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic lipase (PL), with an IC50 value of 2.67 μM, and exhibits anti-obesity effects.

BlUSP enzyme turns Glc-1-P into UDP-Glucose, transferring uridyl from UTP and producing PPi.

3-hydroxy Darifenacin, darifenacin metabolite, blocks M1-5 muscarinic receptors with varying potency (Kis: 2.24-79.43 nM) in CHO cells.

DSPE-PEG3400-PP1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and PP1 peptide. The PP1 peptide targets inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques. DSPE-PEG3400-PP1 can be utilized for drug delivery.

Compound 88a (Enpp-1-IN-15) is an inhibitor of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp-1), exhibiting a Ki value of 0.00586 nM [1].

DSPE-PEG-Maleimide (ammonium) (MW 2000) is a compound containing DSPE phospholipids and maleimide, designed for the preparation of nanoscale lipid carriers. It is applicable in the study of drug delivery systems.

Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid) hemicalcium, a substance naturally ubiquitous in plant seeds, serves as a stimulant for cellular respiration and contains D-

PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin, an affinity probe for PIP3 detection via biotin interaction, targets proteins binding inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate.

Sildenafil chlorosulfonyl is a synthetic intermediate and potential impurity in sildenafil production.

<p>Pyruvate kinase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP [1] .</p>

<p>(R,S)-Carvedilol glucuronide is a racemic mix, metabolized by UGT1A1, UGT2B4, and UGT2B7.</p>

Aeruginosin B is a biochemical.

Cholesterol‑undecanoate‑glucose conjugate is a glucose-based lipid conjugate used for creating liposomes targeted at the brain. It can be stably integrated into the phospholipid bilayer.

Methyl 7(Z)-hexadecenoate, a sex pheromone of Trogoderma glabrum, elicits attraction and sexually excitatory responses in male Trogoderma glabrum [1].

DSPE-PEG3400-VIP is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). It can be utilized for drug delivery applications.

DSPE-PEG2000-CSTSMLKAC is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and CSTSMLKAC. CSTSMLKAC can mediate phage selective homing to ischemic heart tissue. DSPE-PEG2000-CSTSMLKAC is suitable for drug delivery.

TFM: piscicide, lethal to sea lampreys & small sturgeon, not most fish; impairs energy production in lamprey/trout liver. Used against larval lampreys.

4-Hydroxyphenyl Carvedilol is a metabolite of Carvedilol. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker/alpha-1 blocker.

1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol, a DAG with two linoleic acids, is in rat liver, spinach membranes, and indicates preeclampsia risk in pregnancy.

CB1151 is a 20-epi analogue of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 with anti-tumor effects. It inhibits MCF-7 cell growth (IC50: 0.82 nM).

Oglemilast (GRC 3886) suppresses pulmonary cell infiltration, including eosinophilia and neutrophilia in vitro and in vivo.

PROTAC RAR Degrader-1, an RAR degrader, consists of a cIAP1 ligand binding group, a linker, and an RAR ligand binding group.

<p>11-cis Retinal, a chromophore, binds to opsin, activating rhodopsin for vision; light triggers it to start phototransduction.</p>

Cipepofolglucuronide (Ciprofol Glucuronide) (M4) is a glucuronide metabolite of Ciprofol. This compound does not significantly inhibit P450s or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and poses a low risk as a perpetrator of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Cipepofolglucuronide is used in anesthesia research.

<p>Osmanthuside H is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T125796 and the CAS number is 149155-70-4.</p>

2-Methyl-1-naphthol is a prostaglandin G/H synthase and polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, suitable for biochemical experiments.

<p>1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally occurring lysophospholipid and endogenous metabolite used in biochemical experiments</p>

<p>Fellutanine A is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T129801 and the CAS number is 175414-35-4.</p>

<p>DCG04: a mannose-6-phosphate receptor ligand, fluorescent cysteine cathepsin probe for endolysosomal targeting.</p>

N-acyl amine, found in cow brains and fly larvae; less in FAAH KO mice with pain after capsaicin.

<p>GLUT inhibitor-1: oral, targets GLUT1/3 (IC50: 242/179 nM), for cancer/autoimmune research.</p>

<p>Curcumin monoglucuronide, curcumin's in vivo metabolite, useful for metabolic research and cancer study.</p>

<p>N-Lactoyl-Tyrosine is an amino acid derivative and endogenous metabolite, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.</p>

C14-490 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa= 5.94) utilized in the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs serve as a platform for subsequent gene editing studies in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in utero. C14-490 LNPs encapsulate SpCas9 mRNA and TTR sgRNA, employing an optimized B5 formulation parameter, and are further enhanced by the surface attachment of CD45 antibody F(ab’)2 fragments to create Systemically Targeted Editing Mechanism LNPs (STEM LNPs).

Phosphoglucose isomerase, bacillus stearothermophilus, is a highly conserved glycolytic enzyme and dimerase. It catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.

Dehydro warfarin is a metabolite of (±)-warfarin .1It is formed from (±)-warfarin by rat liver microsomes.

Sch 40853 is an active metabolite of a benzonaphthazepine antipsychotic agent.

Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous metabolite and acylcarnitine widely used in biochemical experiments and studies of metabolic disorders.

<p>MCU-i11 is a novel negative modulator of the MCU, binding MICU1 and impairing muscle cell growth.</p>

Triflusulfuron-methyl is a triazinylsulfonylurea herbicide.

Keto-itraconazole is a metabolite of Itraconazole.

7β,25-Dihydroxycholesterol, an endogenous metabolite, functions as chemoattractants for immune cells that express EBI2 [1].

Circumdatin A, a benzodiazepine alkaloid derived from the fungus A. ochraceus, is a fungal metabolite.

<p>Maltodextrin (DE 16.5-19.5) is an inactive pharma excipient that enhances drug stability, solubility, and processing.</p>

SF-C5-TPP is an effective mitochondrial-targeting protonophore that acts as an uncoupler. It demonstrates significant proton transfer activity on model planar bilayer lipid membranes. SF-C5-TPP inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μM.

3-hydroxy palmitic acid (16:0 lipid) marks endotoxins, modifies genes in R. solanacearum, and accumulates in metabolic disorders, causing oxidative stress.

<p>ARL67156 trisodium hydrate inhibits ecto-ATPase, NTPDase1, NTPDase3, NPP1 (Kis 11-18µM), for calcific valve disease, asthma research.</p>

Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin) is a thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)

Monononadecanoin is a lipid compound known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is frequently used in skincare products as a moisturizer and skin-repairing agent. Additionally, Monononadecanoin serves as a flavor enhancer and preservative in food additives.

<p>Cellobiosan is an anhydro sugar formed during biofuel production from the fast pyrolysis of wood.</p>

BLX3887 selectively inhibits 15-LO-1 (IC50 = 32 nM), not 15-LO-2, less on 5-LO/12-LO, and affects eosinophils and dendritic cells.

Acetaminophen Glucuronide sodium salt (APAP-glu) is a compound with antipyretic and analgesic activity and potential nephrotoxicity.

<p>PorcineFactor Xa is obtained by activating purified Porcine Factor X using Russells' Viper Venom, after which the venom is removed.</p>

Cnk 6004 is a montirelin hydrate (NS-3) metabolite.

LQ-38 is an orally active, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.2 nM. It has shown anti-inflammatory activity in rat foot edema models and in mouse models of acute pancreatitis, and exhibits analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced mouse writhing models.

MI1013 is a PROTAC PXR degrader with a DC50 of 89 nM and a Dmax of 82%. It degrades PXR in human liver cancer RG cells (HepaRG) and modulates CYP3A4 promoter activity with specificity and safety through PXR degradation. MI1013 influences key genes involved in sulfate conjugation (e.g., SULT1E1), bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1), gluconeogenesis (PCK1), ketogenesis (HMGCS20), and hepatocyte proliferation (MKI67).

IR-117-17 is an ionizable cationic amino lipid that targets the airways. It is degradable via esterase cleavage, making it less likely to accumulate with repeated dosing.

(R)-γ-Valerolactone is a precursor molecule for antihypertensive compounds, suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Enpp-1-IN-21 (compound 4g) is an inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), with IC50 values of 0.45 μM for ENPP1 and 0.19 μM for ENPP3.

Lentztrehalose A, a disaccharide microbial metabolite identified in Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. This compound specifically inhibits M. smegmatis trehalase—an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism—more effectively than trehalase from porcine kidney, with IC50 values of 0.67 mM and >20 mM, respectively. Additionally, Lentztrehalose A at a concentration of 100 mM promotes autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells. When administered at 50 mg/kg daily, it enhances survival rates and impedes tumor growth in a Sarcoma 180 murine sarcoma model.

α-Glucosidase-IN-75 (compound 13) is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.81 μM. It is employed in the study of cardiovascular diseases induced by high glucose levels.

6-O-demethyl Griseofulvin is a metabolite of the antifungal griseofulvin .1,2

Guanosine triphosphate tritris (GTP tritris) serves as a crucial enhancer in myocyte differentiation, playing an essential role in regulating miRNA-muscle regulatory factors. It promotes the release of exosomes rich in guanine and guanine-derived molecules, and is considered an activation precursor for RNA synthesis. In mitochondrial functionality, GTP is involved in the entry of proteins into the matrix, which is vital for various regulatory pathways. It initiates peptide synthesis by facilitating the binding of formylmethionine-tRNA to the ribosome, and aids in polypeptide chain elongation. Additionally, GTP acts as a carrier for phosphates and pyrophosphates, channeling chemical energy into specific biosynthetic pathways. It activates signal transduction G proteins, regulates cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and its hydrolysis by small GTPases (including Ras and Rho) is indispensable for both proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the small GTPase Rab assists in vesicle docking, fusion, and formation. Beyond signal transduction, GTP is also an energy-rich precursor in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA enzymes.

<p>CAⅡ-IN-1 (compound 2i) is an inhibitor of the CA Ⅱ isozyme, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.44 µM. This compound is utilized in metabolic research.</p>

ADDA is a non-proteinogenic amino acid existed in toxins produced by cyanobacteria.

<p>IGUANA-1 is a highly efficient and selective ALDH1B1 inhibitor that inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells and colorectal cancer cell-derived organoids.</p>

8-hydroxy Loxapine can be used in related research in the field of life sciences. Its product number is T37163 and CAS number is 61443-77-4.

<p>ω-Conotoxin Bu8 is a 25-amino-acid-residue ω-conotoxin that features three disulfide bridges.</p>