Ácidos carboxílicos

Methyl 3-bromopropionate was used in the synthesis of spiroanellated -lactones, pinacols and unprecedented 3-(1-hydroxycycloalkyl)-l-oxaspiro[n,m]alkan-2-ones. It can react with 2-Methyl-1H-benzoimidazole to get 1-(2-Methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-methylbenzimidazole. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand

Sodium formate is used in analytical chemistry to precipitate noble metals. It is used for tanning leather, for dyeing and printing fabrics. It acts as an electroplating agent, an acidulant in the textile industry, a reducing agent, a mordant, a complexing agent. Further, it is used in photographic

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

tert-Butyl acetate is used as a solvent in the production of lacquers, enamels, inks, adhesives, thinners, industrial cleaners and coating blends It is also used as a process solvent for chemical reactions and polymerization. In synthetic organic chemistry, it is used as a tert-butyl group. It serve

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

It acts as an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used in Pharmaceutical and electronic industry. It is used in organic synthesis. It also acts as an intermediate in chemical research. It is also used in Diels-Alder Reaction. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was origi

Non-ionic detergent for solubilizing membrane proteins

It is a useful synthetic intermediate. It was used in the synthesis of irreversible inhibitors of EGFR and HER-2 tyrosine kinases with enhanced antitumor activities. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label i

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

It is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid has demonstrated antiparasitic activity against Trypanosomes by selective proline racemase inhibition and has potent antifungal activity against Phytophthora. It also has antifungal properties. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt dihydrate is used to eliminate inhibition of enzyme catalyzed reactions due to traces of heavy metals. It is involved in the study of chelators, biochemicals and reagents as well as in the study of the three dimensional hierarchy structures from self-

It is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent and chelator. In renal function studies, potassium citrate is used as an alkanizing agent where the citric acid is a metabolic substrate in renal cells. Studies have shown that potassium citrate may increase bone density, it is therefore used in rese

Tripotassium citrate hydrate is used in food and beverage industries. It finds application as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent. It is also used as a potassium source in pharmaceuticals and an active ingredient to treat urinary duct stones. It is added to oral care products to reduce the

2,2,3,3-d(4)-3-(Trimethylsilyl)propionic acid sodium salt is used as a deuterium labeled silane. Also used in pharmaceutical industry. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the le

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Cholesteryl nonanoate is used in hair colors, cosmetic products like lip products, lotions. It is also used in the manufature of some pleochroic dyes. It can be also used as a component of the liquid crystals used for liquid crystal displays. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was origi

Ethylene glycol-O,O'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid is a chelating agent used for making complexes, especially for calcium ions, which help determine calcium in the presence of magnesium. It can be used experimentally for treating animals possessing cerium poisoning. It is useful in th

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butynoate is the suitable reagent used to investigate the regioselectivity of the insertion reaction with cyclometalated iridium and rhodium complexes. It may be used in the preparation of ethyl (Z)-3-iodo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand pr

Pyrimidine was synthesis from methyl 2, 2-dimethylacetoacetate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, iron(III) monosodium salt is used to eliminate enzyme inhibition by traces of heavy metals and to inhibit enzymes that require divalent cations as cofactors. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some

5-Chloro-2-oxindole was used for the quantitation of 5-chloro-2-oxindole, concomitantly with all of its potential positional isomers using a single, highly specific, normal-phase chromatographic system. 5-Chloro-2-oxindole (5-Chlorooxindole) is a starting material for tenidap sodium, a pharmaceutica

Sodium oxamate, an inhibitor of LDH-C4, prevented the AR induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) or NADH. Oxamic acid sodium salt is an lactic acid dehydrogenase. Sperm suspension and cytosol fraction activities were inhibited by sodium oxamate. As cancer cells are often dependent on glycolysis fo

N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide is used in the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids and proteins. It has also been used as a test compound for studying the biochemical isolation of insoluble Tau in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy by examining the two ma

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Potassium trimethylacetate is used as a intermediate for chemical research. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or S

Ethyl 4-bromocrotonate is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and Dyestuffs. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to

Methyl formate is used as a precursor to formamide, dimethylformamide and formic acid. It is used as a blowing agent and utilized for quick-drying finishes due to its high vapor pressure. It is used as a component of azeotrope to recover expensive solvents. Further, it is used as a propellant and an

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Ethyl propiolate is used as a precursor in the preparation of substituted anthraquinones and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Further, it is employed in the synthesis of benzene-1,2,3,5-tetracarboxylates promoted by triphenylphosphine. Its halogenated derivatives a

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Isobutyl acetate is used as a solvent for lacquer, thinners, sealants, perfumes and nitrocellulose. Further, it is used as a flavoring agent. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to

L-Dihydroorotic acid a metabolite. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Ethyl levulinate is used to develop a preparative HPLC method to preserve wine aromas and isolates fruity characteristics of red wine aroma extracts This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may re

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

4-Phenylbutyric acid is used as a chemical chaperone involved in protein-folding disorders. It is involved in the synthesis of dyes and an active pharmaceutical ingredient intermediate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some docum

Ethyl diacetoacetate is used in the preparation of 3-acetyl-6-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. It is used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation an

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Di-tert-butyl hydrazodicarboxylate, is used as starting reagent during the four-step synthesis of the aminobicyclopyrazolone hydrochloride. It was used as reagent during Pd-catalyzed amination reactions of halo-pyridine substrates. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part o

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Zinc acetate dihydrate is used in the preparation of layered Zn-arylphosphonates with potential application in sorption, ion exchange or catalysis and zinc sulfide nanoparticles coated on silica particles. It is used in dietary and medical applications. It is also used as lozenges for treating the c

1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid is used as a cross linking agent to prepare cotton cellulose in order to improve anti-prilling and flame retardant properties. It is used as a spacer in the cross-linking of titania nanoparticles to cotton. Further, it is used as a nonformaldehyde durable press fin

Sodium dihydrogen citrate acts as a buffering agent and sequestrant. It is also employed as a reductant and stabilizer in the preparation of bFe3O4 platinum core/shell particles. Further, it is used in electrochemical reduction of proton at carbon fiber electrode in the presence and absence of plati

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Dantoin(R) DCDMH is an industrial bleaching agent based on dimethyl hydantoin. This product finds application wherever solid bleach is desired. It is used as a mild chlorinating agent in organic synthesis.It is also used as a sanitizer in swimming pools, laundries restaurants, cutting oils and pharm

Phenidone inhibits both the LO (lipoxygenase) and Cox (cyclooxygenase) pathways, the synthesis of Fos-related antigen protein, and is described as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant compound. Phenidone has been shown to block neurotoxicity induced by kainate, and weakens oxidative stress induced

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Pyromellitic acid is an eluent used in anion chromatography and forms complexes with magnesium and calcium ions. It is used as a curing agent, as an intermediate for powder coating and a cross-linking agent for alkyd resin. It is involved in the synthesis of polyimide and pyromellitic octyl. This Th

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

2(5H)-Furanone is employed in the preparation of 5-substituted 2(5H) furanones (gamma-butenolides) catalyzed by bifunctional aminothiourea and aminosquaramide organocatalysts through direct aldol reaction with aromatic aldehydes. Further, it is used in the synthesis of lignans by Michael addition re

It is an epoxy thinner and is mainly used as the modifier of the (meth)acrylate resin. Well-defined organic/inorganic hybrid fluorinated star polymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) using octa(aminophenyl)silsesqu

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Isopropyl tetradecanoate is used as a solvent in perfume products and the oil phase in the preparation of formulations. It finds application in eye makeup, nail care products, soaps and detergents, hair care products, shaving products and other skin care products. It behaves as a non-aqueous compone

Acetoxyacetone is an building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and organic compounds. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesa

It is commonly used in organic synthesis. It undergoes vapor-phase aldol condensation with formaldehyde to form methyl methacrylate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legac

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Naproxen sodium, 26159-34-2, also known as Naprelan or Anaprox, is an arylacetic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound which has analgesic properties. Learn more.

N-(6-Bromohexyl)phthalimide is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and in organic synthesis. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar prod

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutyl methacrylate is used as an organic chemical synthesis intermediate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar p

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Butyl levulinate was used in the synthesis of -valerolactone. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference h

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Rubidium acetate has been reported to modify the acid/base character of the catalyst supports like silica, alumina, and titania. It can be used in the preparation of nanosized rubidium ferrite, and as a promoter on the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of vinyl acetate in heterogeneous gas reaction. I

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

5-Norbornene-2-carboxylic acid is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and Dyestuff. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may re

tert-Butyl pivalate is used as pharmaceutical intermediate. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has

Maximum level of impurities: Evaporation residue 5ppm, H2O 0.1%

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dianhydride is a reagent used for introducing a strong chelator. It is employed in the synthesis of macrocyclic ligands and lanthanide complexes that are useful as MRI enhancers. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate is used as a protein cross-linker. It is also used in the synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 2(5H)-furanone derivatives, highly functionalized thiazolidinone derivatives, novel cyclic peroxide glucosides and 4,11-dimesitylbisanthene, soluble bisanthene derivative, via D

Reactant for synthesis of oxazino[4,3-a]indoles via cascade addition-cyclization reactions, reactant for preparation of indolecarboxamides as cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, reactant for preparation of indole-3-propionic acids as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents, reactant for Friedel-Craf

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

Antimony(III) acetate is a catalyst used in the production of synthetic fibers. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code

trans-3-(3-Pyridyl)acrylic acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is also used to prepare aminomethyl benzimidazoles, which acts as an inhibitor of gelatinase B. Further, it is used in the preparation of aminopyridines as antibacterial enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors. This Therm

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Sci

It is employed as a intermediates for pharmaceutical. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not