Antibióticos naturales y semisintéticos

<p>Oxytetracycline Dihydrate (Terramycin Dihydrate) is a prescription antibiotic, interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce essential proteins.</p>

<p>Bleomycin Sulfate (Blenoxane) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>Tulathromycin A (CP 472295) is a macrolide antibiotic.</p>

<p>Tedizolid (DA-7157)is a novel oxazolidinone-class antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit of</p>

<p>An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.</p>

<p>Cefoperazone sodium salt (CP 52640-2) is broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety, used to treat Pseudomonas infections.</p>

<p>Zotarolimus (ABT-578), an analogue of rapamycin, inhibits FKBP-12 (IC50= 2.8 nM).</p>

<p>Ticarcillin sodium: a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.</p>

<p>Pimecrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, binds FKBP-12, blocking calcium-dependent signals.</p>

<p>Gatifloxacin hydrochloride, a fourth-gen fluoroquinolone antibiotic, blocks bacterial DNA rotase and topoisomerase IV.</p>

<p>Omadacycline (Amadacycline), a new tetracycline antibiotic, can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.</p>

<p>Epothilone B (EPO 906) is a compound isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum.</p>

<p>Doxycycline hyclate (WC2031) is a synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also an inhibitor of MMP.</p>

<p>Spinosad: natural insecticide from S. spinosa, mix of spinosyn A &amp; D, targets insect nAChRs.</p>

<p>Azithromycin (CP 62993) is a macrolide antibiotic that primarily targets the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. High-Quality, Low-Cost!</p>

<p>Amoxicillin Sodium (Clavulanate) is a moderate- spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic.</p>

<p>Lufenuron (Fluphenacur) is a chitin-synthesis inhibitor.</p>

<p>Difloxacin hydrochloride (Difloxacin HCl) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug.</p>

<p>Fumagillin (Amebacilin) is a selective and potent irreversible inhibitor of Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2), used as an antibiotic to treat</p>

<p>Tilmicosin phosphate, a macrolide antibiotic, is used to treat cattle for pathogens that cause Bovine Respiratory Disease.</p>

<p>Ledipasvir (acetone) (GS-5885 acetone) is an HCV NS5A polymerase inhibitor, used for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.</p>

<p>Lumefantrine, an antimalarial, treats malaria with artemether, effective against Plasmodium spp. including in chloroquine-resistant areas.</p>

<p>Ivermectin B1a is the major (80%) component of commercially available ivermectin and a derivative of Avermectin B1a.</p>

<p>Mecillinam, an antibiotic, targets Gram-negative bacteria, mainly for urinary infections and some fevers.</p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin (M745000) impurity.<br>References Martel, A., et al.: Drugs Fut., 22, 109 (1997), Tobin, C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 278 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Eribulin binds microtubules, halts cancer cell growth, treating metastatic breast cancer.</p>

<p>Applications 6-Chloro-6-defluoro Ciprofloxacin is an impurity of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), which is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Cefixime Impurity is an impurity of Cefixime (C242800); an orally active third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984); Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985); Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Moxidectin-d3 is a the labelled form of Moxidectin (M744800). Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotics.<br>References Patil, S., et al.: World J. Pharm. Res., 5, 1529 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3”-O-Demethyl Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Erythromycin A is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic medication.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Ceftiofur (C244700), which is microbiologic active.<br>References Washburn, K., et al.: J. Vet. Pharm. Ther., 28, 247 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits hemozoin formation. Antimalarial.<br>References Kumar, N., et al.: Parasitol Res., 76, 214 (1990), Pradines, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 418 (1999), Chotivanich, K., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 182, 629 (2000), Mutabingwa, T., et al.: Lancet, 365, 1474 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Mackie, R., et al.: Animal Biotechnol., 17, 157 (2006), Smyrniotakis, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 43, 506 (2007), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ciprofloxacin USP Related Compound A / EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-4-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride is an impurity in the synthesis of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Monohydrate is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as an antibacterial agent. LD50 &gt;5000 mg/kg for oral administration to rats.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens.<br>References Banks, R.M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 609 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984), Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995), Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid is a prototype of the oxazolidinone antimicrobials; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996), Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996), Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998), Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloramphenicol-d5, is the labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol (C325030), which has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also antibacterial, and antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in the manufacturing of Cephalosporin compounds.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibio., 50, 279 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP-Impurity A<br>Applications P-[(1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxypropyl]-phosphonic Acid is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Cefdinir Related Compound A Sodium Salt<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (2(R)-2-[(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido]-2-[(2RS,5RS)-5-methyl-7-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]acetic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Cefdinir (C242670), a Cephalosporin antibiotic structurally similar to Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Lovastatin (Simvastatin EP Impurity E) is an antihypercholesterolemic agent. A fungal metabolite, which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Bilheimer, D.W., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 4124 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid N-oxide is a derivative of Linezolid (L466500), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial that is used to treat infections against gram-positive bacteria, especially those that are drug-resistant (such as Vancomycin [HCl: V096500] resistant enterococci). Linezolid works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.<br>References Dennis, L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002); Clemett, D. &amp; Markham, A.: Drugs, 59, 815 (2000); Gonzales, R., et al.: Lancet, 357, 1179 (2001); Tsiodras, S., et al.: Lancet, 358, 207 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ampicillin EP Impurity A ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound A<br>Applications (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity A) is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.<br>References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity F<br>Applications 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity F) is a methylated impurity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (C559750). 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin was shown to inhibit uptake of Clarithromycin into the lung cells.<br>References Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008); Yoshida, H. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 53, 615 (2000); Omura, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 112, 593 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin metabolite.<br>References Dickman, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 1405 (2000), Davis, D., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 31 (2000), Cummins, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 308, 143 (2004), Scholer, A., et al.: Clin. Lab., 52, 325 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.<br>References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Cefalonium (C236800) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used as a long-acting intramammary cerate for infusion of dairy cows.<br>References Endo, T.: Kach. Kokin. Kenk., 12, 8 (1991); Berry, E.A. et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 90, 760 (2007); Bradley, A.J. et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 93, 1566 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic rifamycin. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983), Assandri, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1066 (1984), Jarvis, B., et al.: Drugs, 56, 607 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial.<br>References Bauernfeind, A.: J. Antimicro. Chemother., 40, 639 (1997), Fukuda, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 1917 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ivermectin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 28-Oxo Ivermectin B1a is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications Defluoro Linezolid is a defluorinated impurity of Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Kugelmann, E. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 54. 1047 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-Oxide is related to Rifapentine(R508500) a compound with antibacterial properties.<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.<br>References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),<br></p>