Apoptosi

<p>TNF-α-IN-14, a potent TNFα inhibitor, exhibits a selective inhibition profile with an IC50 of 1.1 µM and demonstrates antiinflammatory properties (WO2001072735A2; compound 12) [1].</p>

<p>Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 (8d) demonstrates remarkable dual inhibitory effects on Topo II and HDAC, and also induces apoptosis [1].</p>

<p>XIAP degrader-1 is a small primary amine molecule that promotes the degradation of X-linked apoptosis inhibitory protein (XIAP).</p>

<p>PD-1-IN-17 TFA is a potent PD-1 inhibitor, blocking 92% of splenocyte growth at 100 nM.</p>

<p>HAC-Y6 exerts its anticancer effects by inducing cell cycle arrest. It prompts apoptosis in COLO 205 cells with an IC50 of 0.52 µM.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-16 is a potent inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (IC50: 53.2 nM) and has shown research potential for tumour immunotherapy.</p>

<p>NiCur is an effective and selective inhibitor of CBP histone acetyltransferase (HAT), with an IC50 of 0.35 μM.</p>

<p>HBV/HDV-IN-2 (Compd 143) functions as an inhibitor for HBV, HDV, and PD-1/PD-L1, demonstrating an EC 50 of 35 nM in T cell activation.</p>

<p>Pan-KRAS-IN-5 (compound 15a) is a pan-KRAS translation inhibitor targeting 5′-UTR RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s). It induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in KRAS-driven cancer cells [1].</p>

<p>FKBP12 PROTAC dTAG-13 is a PROTAC and selective degrader for target validation by splicing FKBP12 F36V with CRBN and thereby degrading FKBP12 F36V.</p>

<p>ASK1-IN-7 (Compound 4c) is an ASK1 inhibitor and a derivative of the ASK1 inhibitor scaffold 5-(5-Phenyl-furan-2-ylmethylene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one. This compound is potentially applicable in research involving ASK1 signaling pathways, including studies on cellular stress response, inflammatory response, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.</p>

<p>Antiproliferative agent-63 (compound 4d) is a cyclic analog of cannabidiol that acts as an anticancer agent. It demonstrates favorable activity against breast and colorectal cancer. Moreover, this compound can arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase and induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in breast cancer cell lines.</p>

<p>AKN-028 acetate: an oral TK inhibitor for AML research, targets FLT3 with IC50 of 6 nM, inhibits autophosphorylation, and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>TLBC, a borane-chalcone derivative, exhibits dose-dependent inhibitory effects across various glioma cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 5.5 to 25.5 μM. TLBC induces apoptosis independently of alterations in the tumor suppressor factor p53.</p>

<p>DC-U4106: USP8 inhibitor, Kd 4.7μM, IC50 1.2μM, degrades Erα, low-toxicity tumor suppressor for breast cancer research.</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-9, a dual tubulin/HDAC inhibitor, impedes A549 cell invasion/migration and shows strong anti-tumor/angiogenic effects.</p>

<p>SMIP34 is an inhibitor of PELP1, binding to this target with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 37.4 μM. It demonstrates efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor progression. Specifically, SMIP34 is effective in breast cancer research, showing activity against wild-type (WT), mutant (MT) estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), and treatment-resistant (TR)-ER+ breast cancers.</p>

<p>SphK1-IN-2: SphK1 inhibitor, IC50: 19.81 nM; less effective on SphK2. Induces apoptosis, hinders cancer cell growth.</p>

<p>Flizasertib is a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor that acts by inhibiting RIPK1, which has anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects on immune disorders.</p>

<p>FLT3/TrKA-IN-1: Potent dual kinase inhibitor for FLT3 &amp; TrKA, promising for AML research.</p>

<p>LSD1/ER-IN-1 inhibits ER &amp; LSD1 (IC50: 1.55 μM), and fights MCF-7 breast cancer (IC50: 8.79 μM).</p>

<p>Kahweol Acetate, a semi-synthetic coffee bean derivative, inhibits osteoclasts, cancer cells, DNA damage, and oxidative stress.</p>

<p>Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4 (F2) is a non-intercalative ATP-competitive inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase II, specifically inhibiting TopoIIα with an IC50 value</p>

<p>Lometrexol hydrate, an antipurine antifolate, inhibits GARFT and purine synthesis, leading to cancer cell apoptosis without causing DNA breaks.</p>

<p>MI-888 (TFA) is an orally active inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction with a Ki of 0.44 nM. It can induce rapid, complete, and durable tumor regression in xenograft mouse models.</p>

<p>SSB-2548 is a CXCR-4 inhibitor that suppresses the proliferation and migration of acute myeloid leukemia cells and induces apoptosis (apoptosis). It is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and can be used for leukemia research.</p>

<p>TZEP7 functions as an EGFR kinase inhibitor in cancer cells. It exhibits cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis within these cells. TZEP7 downregulates the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, upregulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and increases caspase levels. This compound holds potential for research in anticancer drug development.</p>

<p>TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 (Compound L1Au2) is a TrxR/EGFR inhibitor with activity against both gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant lung cancer, effectively suppressing tumor proliferation and promoting apoptosis. It enhances GPX4 degradation through autophagosome-lysosome and proteasome pathways, leading to ferroptosis. Additionally, it induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggers immunogenic cell death, making it applicable for studies on gefitinib-resistant lung cancer.</p>

<p>EGFR-IN-161 (Compound DD-8) is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the L858R/T790M/C797S mutant EGFR kinase, with an IC50 value of 0.87 nM. EGFR-IN-161 effectively inhibits tumor cell apoptosis, G1 phase arrest, and migration.</p>

<p>Gallium 8-Hydroxyquinolinate is an inducer of apoptosis that initiates both p53-dependent and independent cell death in cancer cells through the induction of Ca2+ signaling transduction. In addition to its apoptotic properties, this compound's nanostructures exhibit excellent optical performance, making it suitable for use in tumor research.</p>

<p>EGFR-IN-134 (compound 3f) is a triazolo[3,4-a]quinoline derivative and functions as a potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.023 µM. It induces apoptosis and necrosis in cells, and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and pre-G1 phases. EGFR-IN-134 modulates the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins by downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins p53, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9, demonstrating significant antiproliferative and anticancer activities.</p>

<p>Oxamic acid is an inhibitor of LDH-A and exhibits antitumor activity. It demonstrates antiproliferative effects on cancer cells and can induce apoptosis.</p>

<p>Lometrexol disodium: Inhibits hSHMT1/2 and GARFT, anticancer by blocking purine synthesis, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.</p>

<p>NA-17 is a naphthalimide compound with antitumor activity and exhibits lower toxicity to normal cells such as HL-7702 and WI-38. It demonstrates p53-dependent inhibition selectivity in various NSCLC cells, inducing the accumulation of active p53 in the mitochondria and nuclei of these cells. NA-17 causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and promotes apoptosis and cell death.</p>

<p>Potent dual c-Met/HDAC inhibitor, IC50: HDAC1 5.4 nM, c-Met 18.49 nM; anti-cancer, induces apoptosis, G2/M arrest in HCT-116.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-23: potent, oral PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor; L7's ester prodrug; exhibits strong antitumor effects.</p>

<p>Triphen diol, a phenol diol, fights pancreatic cancer &amp; cholangiocarcinoma, inducing apoptosis via caspase-dependent &amp; -independent paths.</p>

<p>S100A2-p53-IN-1 inhibits S100A2-p53 in pancreatic cancer, stunting MiaPaCa-2 cell growth at 1.2-3.4 μM.</p>

<p>Fosizensertib is an inhibitor of RIP-1 kinase and is used in research related to ulcerative colitis.</p>

<p>WEHI-9625 is a tricyclic sulfone small molecule apoptosis inhibitor (EC50: 69 nM).</p>

<p>Antitumor agent-78 blocks GPx-4, raises COX2, triggers apoptosis, halts EMT, and stifles cancer cell growth and migration.</p>

<p>DL-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine hydrochloride (Buthionine sulfoximine hydrochloride) is a potent and specific glutamylcysteine synthetase biosynthesis inhibitor</p>

<p>VEGFR-2-IN-15 (Compound 14b) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2. VEGFR-2-IN-15 inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells in the Pre-G1 phase and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>VEGFR-2-IN-14 (Compound 5) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2, which inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells in the Pre-G1 phase and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>EGFR-IN-62: IC50 of 10-242 nM for various EGFR mutations, blocks A549/H1975 cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell motility and proliferation.</p>

<p>Lepidozin G blocks cancer growth (IC50=4.2-5.7μM) and triggers apoptosis in PC-3 cells via mitochondria.</p>

<p>BMS 310705, an Epothilone B analog, targets ovarian/renal/bladder/lung cancer, inducing apoptosis via mitochondria.</p>

<p>Multi-kinase-IN-1, a powerful kinase inhibitor, exhibits antitumor properties by inducing cell apoptosis.</p>

<p>Ferroptosis-IN-18 (51) is a phenothiazine derivative known for its potent anti-ferroptotic and antioxidant properties. It is useful for research related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).</p>

<p>eIF4A3-IN-4 is a novel inhibitor of eIF4A (IC50: 8.6 μM).</p>

<p>VEGFR-2-IN-13 (Compound 19a) is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor (IC50: 3.4 nM). vEGFR-2-IN-13 arrests the HepG2 cell cycle in G2/M phase and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 14: a potent breast cancer inhibitor; induces cell death, disrupts mito. membrane potential (IC50: 0.20-0.65 μM).</p>

<p>GPX4-IN-3 (26a) is a potent GPX4 inhibitor, inducing selective ferroptosis with 71.7% inhibition at 1 μM.</p>

<p>Bcl-2-IN-7 inhibits Bcl-2, encourages apoptosis in cancer cells, and has anti-tumor activity with various IC50 values.</p>

<p>Antitumor agent-202 is a stabilizer of the p53Y220C mutant, selectively inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells carrying the p53Y220C mutation. It is applicable for research focused on cancers associated with the p53 Y220C mutation.</p>

<p>Aeroplysinin I is an antibacterial compound from the sponge. It has cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells by promoting β-catenin degradation.</p>

<p>TBC-1 is a chlorophyll-a derivative that acts as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). It efficiently generates type I ROS and targets the endoplasmic reticulum. TBC-1 demonstrates in vitro biocompatibility and PDT effectiveness under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.</p>

Antitumor Agent-184 (compound 12aa) triggers apoptosis in various cell lines, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.35 μM in B16-F10 cells, 7.32 μM in 4T1 cells, and 10.31 μM in CT26 cells.

<p>p53 Activator 14 (Compound 7A) is a derivative of Neratinib that can induce DNA damage and activate p53, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of various cancer cells, with an IC50 of 7.21 μM for HCT116 cells. This compound hinders adhesion, migration, and invasion of HCT116 cells, disrupts the cell cycle, and triggers apoptosis. In addition, p53 Activator 14 exhibits anti-tumor properties and inhibits angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.</p>

<p>Antiangiogenic agent 7 (Compound 1) induces apoptosis, elevates Reactive Oxygen Species (Reactive Oxygen Species), and inhibits the intracellular enzyme thioredoxin reductase. It exhibits anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 3.5 μM against cervical cancer cells (HeLa), prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Additionally, Antiangiogenic agent 7 suppresses tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model.</p>

<p>Samuraciclib (CT7001) is an oral CDK7 inhibitor with 41 nM IC50, notable for its high selectivity and potency against breast cancer cells.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-15 is a potent inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (IC50: 60.1 nM) and has shown investigational potential for tumor immunotherapy.</p>

<p>CHI-KAT8i5 is a selective inhibitor of KAT8 with a KD of 19.72 μM. It induces apoptosis (Apoptosis) in a dose-dependent manner. CHI-KAT8i5 can inhibit tumor growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, colon cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, non-small cell adenocarcinoma, and liver cancer.</p>

<p>CRI9 effectively inhibits the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, suppressing the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This compound exhibits potent cytotoxicity against HCC cells and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>WB436B, a highly selective STAT3 inhibitor, effectively targets and inhibits STAT3-Tyr705 phosphorylation along with the expression of STAT3 target genes. It exhibits cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, WB436B suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer mouse models, thereby prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice.</p>

<p>PKM2 modulator 2 (compound C599) is a potent inhibitor of PKM2, displaying antiproliferative activity and inducing apoptosis. This compound holds potential for research in glioblastoma.</p>

<p>RET-IN-7 exhibits strong inhibitory effects against RET kinase in vitro and shows significant efficacy in treating RET-driven tumor xenografts in mice through</p>

<p>FLT3-IN-13 inhibits topoisomerase II/FLT3 in leukemia with IC50 of 2.26 μM, causes G2/M arrest, and promotes apoptosis.</p>

<p>Z-3578 is a small molecule antagonist targeting the MrgX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2) with notable anti-pseudoallergic properties, exhibiting a KD value of 729 nM. It effectively inhibits mast cell degranulation induced by substance P (SP) and C48/80, with IC50 values of 4.90 µM and 6.18 µM, respectively, suppresses the release of β-hexosaminidase, and significantly reduces the release of histamine and TNF-α, as well as intracellular calcium flux. Additionally, in a mouse pseudoallergy model, Z-3578 significantly alleviates foot swelling, dye leakage, and reduces serum histamine levels, indicating a strong in vivo anti-allergic effect. Z-3578 presents as a promising lead compound in the field of anti-allergic treatments, particularly for pseudoallergic reactions.</p>

<p>DWP-05195 is a TRPV1 antagonist capable of inhibiting pain signal transduction. Additionally, it induces ER stress-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells via the ROS-p38-CHOP pathway.</p>

<p>TH-6, a potent HDAC inhibitor (IC50: HDAC1-0.115, 2-0.135, 3-0.242, 6-0.138, 8-2.120 μM), blocks cell migration, invasion, and has anti-tumor properties.</p>

<p>CDK-IN-9: A potent CDK inhibitor, gels to enhance CDK12/DDB1 binding, targets CDK2/E (IC50: 4 nM), induces apoptosis via dephosphorylation.</p>

<p>NLRP3-IN-78 (compound 21) is an NLRP3 inhibitor with a 46.72% inhibition rate of GSDMD-induced pyroptosis at 5 μM. It binds to the NLRP3 protein and prevents GSDMD-NT oligomerization. Additionally, NLRP3-IN-78 inhibits GSDMD cleavage and upstream NF-κB signaling, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity.</p>

<p>Ferroptosis-IN-6 is an efficient ferroptosis inhibitor, protecting cells from cell death induced by ferroptosis inducers, and inhibiting STY-BODIPY oxidation.</p>

<p>CDK4/6-IN-10: Oral CDK4 (IC50: 22 nM) &amp; CDK6 (IC50: 10 nM) inhibitor with anti-cancer potential for MM research.</p>

<p>Potent oral XIAP/cIAP1 inhibitor with EC50s: XIAP 5.1 nM, cIAP1 0.32 nM; curbs tumor growth in vivo.</p>

<p>BCL6-IN-9 (compound 1) is a potent inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL6) (IC50: 3.9 nM) and can be used to study cancer.</p>

A signal-specific JNK/p38 pathway and TAK 1 inhibitor

<p>STAT3-IN-9 hinders STAT3 at Tyr705, doesn't affect STAT1 Tyr701, induces apoptosis, and arrests cells in G2/M phase.</p>

<p>Metamizole (Dipyrone) hemimagnesium is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound known for its ability to reduce fever. It decreases levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Additionally, Metamizole hemimagnesium acts as an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. It is utilized in the study of inflammation and fever.</p>

<p>Tubulin inhibitor 14 blocks NQO2 and microtubule formation, disrupts blood vessels, and may target tumors; IC50 of 1.0 μM.</p>

<p>Compound 8a, a dual PARP10 &amp; PARP15 inhibitor, has IC50s: PARP10 at 0.14μM &amp; PARP15 at 0.40μM; it's cell-permeable &amp; anti-apoptotic.</p>

<p>PARP1/BRD4-IN-2, a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and BRD4, halts cell cycle, triggers apoptosis, and has antitumor effects on TNBC.</p>

<p>SPI-001 is a selective inhibitor of PPM1D (IC50=0.48 µM) that exhibits anticancer activity. The compound inhibits the phosphatase activity of PPM1D in human breast cancer cells overexpressing PPM1D and enhances the phosphorylation of p53. Additionally, SPI-001 suppresses cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis.</p>

<p>STAT3-IN-12,STAT3 signaling inhibitor. Blocks IL-6-induced JAK/STAT3 activation. Induces apoptosis. Used in HCC and esophageal cancer research.</p>

<p>Compound 5a, an anticancer agent, enhances P53 and has antiproliferative effects.</p>

<p>HP590: potent oral STAT3 inhibitor, IC50=27.8 nM, blocks ATP, IC50=24.7 nM, hinders gastric cancer growth, triggers cell death.</p>

<p>Microtubule inhibitor 2: potent, selective, oral, induces ferroptosis, strong antitumor effect.</p>

<p>BTK-IN-7 is a potent inhibitor for BTK with 4.0 nM IC50, highly selective over ITK and EGFR, showing strong antitumor activity.</p>

<p>RET-IN-1 is a RET kinase inhibitor (IC50s: 1 nM, 7 nM, and 101 nM for RET (WT), RET (V804M) , and RET (G810R), respectively).</p>

<p>Evo312 is an inhibitor of protein kinase C beta I (PKCβI) with an IC50 of 117.34 nM and exhibits dose-dependent characteristics. It acts by inhibiting the expression of the PKCβI protein, which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PANC-GR (gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells). Evo312 also demonstrates antiproliferative effects in pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and PANC-GR, with IC50 values of 0.08 μM and 0.07 μM respectively, while presenting an IC50 of 2.95 μM in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells HPDE6-c7. Additionally, Evo312 has shown antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model using PANC-GR cells.</p>

<p>TI17 is a selective TRIP13 inhibitor with anticancer activity and inhibits proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells</p>

<p>Compound B6, also known as TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-1, is a dual inhibitor targeting TOPOI and PARP, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and oral activity with a PARP1 IC 50 of 0.09 μM. This compound effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration, induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers apoptosis. In murine models, TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-1 demonstrated a tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) of 75.4% [1].</p>

<p>NLRP3-IN-28 (compound N77) serves as a potent inhibitor of NLRP3, effectively blocking Nigericin-induced pyroptosis with an EC50 of 0.07μM. Additionally, it mitigates inflammatory reactions in vivo [1].</p>

<p>Silvestrol is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A inhibitor. Silvestrol causes autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis.</p>

Etalocib (LY293111) sodium is an orally active leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 25 nM for inhibiting [3H]LTB4 binding. It exhibits an IC50 of 20 nM against LTB4-induced calcium mobilization. Additionally, Etalocib sodium can induce apoptosis.

<p>TP-030-2 is a RIPK1 inhibitor (human K i =0.43 nM ; mouse IC 50 =100 nM) .</p>

<p>WYJ-2, a selective agonist for toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1), demonstrates an EC50 of 18.57 nM in HEK 293T cells transiently co-transfected with human TLR2 and TLR1. It induces pyroptosis and has shown anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1].</p>

<p>Bcl-2-IN-3 (Compound 10) is an inhibitor of Bcl-2, utilized in cancer research.</p>

<p>BRD-K56819078, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, significantly reduces the burden of senescent cells and the mRNA expression of aging-related genes in the kidneys. It exerts its anti-aging effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis (apoptosis).</p>

<p>Nitrovin is an antimicrobial growth promoter that induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and quasi-apoptotic cell death by targeting TrxR1. It exhibits anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 6.60 μM for both tumor and normal cells.</p>

<p>GP130-IN-1 (compound 49) is an effective inhibitor of GP130, demonstrating significant in vitro anti-tumor activity and higher selectivity compared to Bazedoxifene. It induces ultrastructural changes in cells, leading to a time-dependent arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers both apoptosis and autophagy. GP130-IN-1 is useful for research on triple-negative breast cancer.</p>

<p>Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG1-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that includes a thalidomide-based cereblon ligand and a linker, used in the synthesis of PROTAC.</p>

<p>Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in liver cancer by blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR.</p>

<p>GQN-B37-E is an effective selective binder and inhibitor of MCL-1. It binds to the BH3-binding domain of MCL-1. GQN-B37-E demonstrates binding affinity for MCL-1 within the sub-micromolar range (Ki= 0.6 μM), yet shows negligible binding to BCL-2 or BCL-XL.</p>

<p>Necrosis Inhibitor 3 (compound B3) effectively inhibits necrosis, demonstrating an IC50 of 0.29 nM in HT29 cells [1].</p>

<p>MA242 is a nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy and dual inhibitor of murine double minute 2 (MDM2).</p>