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5,7-dimethoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one (5,7-dimethoxyphthalide) is a phthalide isolated from Italian waxflower with good anti-inflammatory activity.

<p>Sanguinarine citrate (Pseudochelerythrine chloride) from Sanguinaria Canadensis has antibacterial activity and is used to treat stomatitis.</p>

<p>Erinacine A ((+)-Erinacin A) is a cyanoalkane diterpene derived from the monkey fungus, a neuroprotective agent with anticancer activity.</p>

<p>Annatto: natural colorant from Bixa orellana, has antitumor properties; high doses may cause mutations. Used in drinks, baking, foods.</p>

5-Hydroxyvanillin (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde) can be isolated from indica rice and has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, which can be

Fallaxsaponin A is isolated from the alkaline hydrolysis products of total saponins in Radix Palygalae.

Egg PG is a major anionic phospholipid in food, bacterial, and animal cell membranes, and a substrate in sPMCA reactions.

DMPS-Na is an arsenicolytic agent with toxicity that can be used to study cell membranes.

3-Sulfopropanoic acid, a major metabolite of treprostinil and its prodrug ALZ-801, is an endogenous molecule present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD

Limocitrin 3-O-sophoroside is a compound that can be used in biological research.

Torachrysone tetraglucoside is a phenolic glycoside isolated from the leguminous plant cassia with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

<p>Nor-rubrofusarin gentiobioside is a natural product found in the leguminous plant Cassia vulgaris.</p>

Torachrysone Triglucoside is a glucoside isolated from cassia seeds with potential antitumor activity.

<p>Olivetol Dimethyl Ether is a monoacylglycerol with analgesic activity and potential anti-inflammatory activity that inhibits fatty acid synthesis.</p>

Oligolacetic acid (OLA) is extracted from cannabis and shows anticonvulsant activity in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.

Torachrysone gentiobioside is a phenolic glycoside isolated from cassia seeds.

(E,E)-Farnesol ((2E,6E)-Farnesol) is a sesquiterpene acyclic alcohol produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. (E,E)-Farnesol promotes vasodilation.

Venuloside A (ESK246), from Pittosporum venulosum, is a LAT3 inhibitor and a leucine uptake inhibitor and may be used in the study of prostate cancer.

3-Methylcytidine (methosulfate), a derivative of cytidine, serves as an internal standard for HPLC and is recognized for its epigenetic modification in tRNA, although its cellular role remains unclear. Research has explored its utility as a cancer biomarker, with findings indicating a notable increase in the urine of breast cancer patients.

Concanamycin C, a natural macrolide antibiotic, was initially isolated from Streptomyces and identified as an inhibitor of T-cell proliferation in response to concanavalin A (1,2). It exhibits cytotoxicity to fungi, including yeasts, by inhibiting vacuolar-type ATPases (3,4).

<p>Z3-Dodecenyl E2-butenoate, a female sex pheromone of the sweet potato weevil (C. formicarius), is utilized for baiting and trapping male sweet potato weevils. This method aids in managing their populations in agricultural fields while minimizing insecticide use.</p>

Tridocosahexaenoylglycerol (TG-DHA), an orally active dietary supplement, enhances outcomes in autoimmune encephalomyelitis among mice, exhibits beneficial impacts on neurodegenerative conditions, and fosters macular function improvement in diabetic retinopathy. It is applicable for investigating neurological, inflammatory immune, and metabolic diseases [1] [2] [3].

Naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, a metabolite of the flavonoid naringenin, is predominantly synthesized through the action of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9.

7-Methoxy Apigeninidin, a 3-deoxyanthocyanin fungicide and derivative of apigeninidin, was originally isolated from Sorghum. It exhibits activity against the radial growth of G. sorghi and spore germination of P. oryzae, with an IC50 of 50 ppm for both.

Hexadecatetraenoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, is derived from sardine oil [1].

<p>16-epiLatrunculin B, a stereoisomer of the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin B, was initially isolated from the Red Sea sponge N. magnifica. At concentrations of 5-10 µg/ml, it disrupts microfilament activity in actin disruption assays and exhibits cytotoxic effects on mouse KA31T and NIH3T3 tumor cells, with GI50 values of 1 and 4 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, it shows antiviral activity against herpes simplex type 1 virus, with an ED50 of 1 µg/ml.</p>

Harzianopyridone is an atpenin-like compound that functions as an inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM against bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits nematode quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) with an IC50 value of 0.36 μM. Significantly selective for complex II over complexes I and III in rats and cattle, as well as complex I in nematodes, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, it exhibits notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, with EC50 values of 35.9, 42.2, 60.4, and 50.2 μg/ml against R. solani, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum, respectively.

Cannabinol methyl ether, a phytocannabinoid, serves as an analytical reference standard. This compound can be obtained through isolation from Cannabis plants, derived from cannabinol, or synthesized. The physiological and toxicological properties of cannabinol methyl ether remain unknown. It is designed exclusively for research and forensic applications.

<p>Milbemycin A4, a distinguished member of the macrocyclic lactones family featuring a unique spiroketal group, is derived from the fermentation of the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. It acts by enhancing the opening of glutamate and GABA-gated chloride channels, rendering it effective as both a nematocide and insecticide.</p>

Gilvocarcin V, a metabolite from Actinomycete DO-38, exhibits potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity.

Lagochiline, a diterpene compound, serves as a promising hemostatic agent and can be extracted from plants belonging to the Lagochilus species [1] [2].

4-Chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (Cl-CCA), a phenylpropanoid derivative of cinnamic acid synthesized from phenylalanine by plants, exhibits a propensity for co-crystallization with a range of biomolecules, including peptides and nucleic acids.

(±)-7-epiJasmonic acid, the primary metabolite in the 12-oxo phytodienoic acid pathway of 13(S)-hydroperoxy linolenic acid metabolism in plants, is synthesized initially as the more active (+)-7-epijasmonic acid. It quickly epimerizes to the more stable (−)-7-jasmonic acid isomer, demonstrating its biological relevance. Acting as a plant growth regulator, (±)-7-epiJasmonic acid triggers various signal transduction pathways, which can either promote growth or inhibit it, likely as a response to stress conditions.

(14Z)-14-Eicosenoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, has been isolated from sponges [1].

<p>N-Cyclohexanecarbonylpentadecylamine (Compound 1), an inhibitor of N-Acylethanolamine hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 4.5 μM, is utilized in inflammation and pain research [1].</p>

Methyl 7(Z)-hexadecenoate, a sex pheromone of Trogoderma glabrum, elicits attraction and sexually excitatory responses in male Trogoderma glabrum [1].

Methyl pentacosanoate, a chemical compound, can be isolated from the leaves of hawthorn [1].

Xestospongins and araguspongins, marine natural products originally isolated from sponges in the Pacific basin, exhibit vasodilatory effects. Inositol phosphates (IP) serve as crucial signal transduction messengers, activating IP3 receptors to facilitate Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Araguspongin B specifically hinders the calcium-releasing function of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate at the receptor level within cerebral microsomes, demonstrating an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.6 µM. This potency places it nearly on par with xestospongin C in obstructing the IP3 receptor's activity.

Minosaminomycin, an antibiotic, originates from Streptomyces.

<p>Fluostatin B, a fluorenone discovered in Streptomyces, is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP-3; IC50= 24 µg/ml).</p>

Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) π-class inhibitor acts to inhibit a specific class within the GST enzyme family, targeting the π variant. This compound selectively blocks the activity of this enzyme, which plays a critical role in the detoxification of compounds by catalyzing their conjugation with glutathione.

<p>Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) π class inhibitor is a chemical compound designed to inhibit the action of the π class of GST enzymes.</p>

Lentztrehalose A, a disaccharide microbial metabolite identified in Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. This compound specifically inhibits M. smegmatis trehalase—an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism—more effectively than trehalase from porcine kidney, with IC50 values of 0.67 mM and >20 mM, respectively. Additionally, Lentztrehalose A at a concentration of 100 mM promotes autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells. When administered at 50 mg/kg daily, it enhances survival rates and impedes tumor growth in a Sarcoma 180 murine sarcoma model.

Lentztrehalose B, a microbial disaccharide metabolite isolated from Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. At a concentration of 100 µM, it demonstrates antioxidant properties in an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Furthermore, Lentztrehalose B at 10 mM inhibits porcine kidney trehalase, an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism. Additionally, it induces autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells when applied at 100 mM.

Cyanidin 3-xyloside, an anthocyanin, is extractable from the hulls of purple sunflower [1].

Dimethyl isorosmanol (11,12-Di-O-methylisorosmanol), a compound obtainable from Rosmarinus officinalis, exhibits antioxidant activity [1].

<p>11,12-Di-O-methylcarnosol, also known as Comp 7, is a nolic diterpene lactone isolated from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) [1].</p>

Kibdelone A, a natural heterocyclic polyketide, was first isolated from the soil actinomycete Kibdelosporangium. It exhibits potent and selective cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines, in addition to showing significant antibacterial and nematocidal activity.

<p>Cedarwood terpenes, a natural mixture of terpenes, are extracted from cedar wood [1].</p>

<p>(±)-Silybin, a racemate of Silybin, demonstrates a range of biological activities including inducing apoptosis and possessing hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties [1] [2].</p>

2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate disodium acts as a substrate for the enzyme 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA), which is categorized under class I aldolases. DERA efficiently facilitates the reversible aldol condensation reaction independently, without the need for any cofactors [1].

1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene is an active compound utilized in the research of various biochemical studies [1].

<p>(+)-Secoisolariciresinol is a natural lignan exhibiting inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50=9.5 μM).</p>

<p>24-Methylcholesterol, a trans-ferulate ester extracted from rice bran, significantly inhibits TPA-induced inflammation [1].</p>

(R)-(+)-Tetrahydroberberine, the inactive isomer of (S)-(-)-Tetrahydroberberine, serves as an experimental control. The latter, an alkaloid and intermediate in berberine biosynthesis, exhibits insecticidal activity [1].

(+)-Butin, the R enantiomer of butin, is a significant flavonoid extracted from Dalbergia odorifera's heartwood, exhibiting potent antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties [1].

<p>Rauvotetraphylline D, a natural product, is derived from Rauvolfia tetraphylla.</p>

<p>Rauvoyunine A, a natural product, is derived from Rauvolfia yunnanensis.</p>

"(2S)-5,7,3',5'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone is a compound isolated from Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica [1]."

1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose, a compound extractable from Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem (sponge gourds) [1] [2], has been found to enhance glucose uptake in HuH7 cells.

16-O-Acetylpolyporenic acid C is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

24-Methylenecycloartane-3β,26-diol is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

<p>Baccatin X, a natural product, is derived from Taxus yunnanensis.</p>

Dayecrystal A is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

Wedelobatin B, a natural product derived from Wedelia trilobata, exhibits significant biological activity.

<p>Wedelobatin A, a natural product, originates from Wedelia trilobata.</p>

Hinokiol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting 5-hydroxy-eicosa-tetra-enoic acid (5-HETE) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB4) formations. Additionally, it demonstrates potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

N4-Benzoylcytidine is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of N4-Benzoylcytidine is 13089-48-0.

3-Chloro-1-(4-octylphenyl)-1-propanone is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

Calendoflavobioside 5-O-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

16β-O-Methylneoquassin is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

<p>Tanshinol B, a bioactive component isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza roots and rhizomes, is also found in Seaweed prowazekii [1].</p>

<p>Diplacol, a geranylated flavanone isolated from Paulownia trees (Paulownia coreana UYEKI), exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 4.53 μM [1].</p>

5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3,8,3'-trimethoxyflavone is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

1-O-Ethylpiptocarphin F is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

3-Deoxo-1β-methoxyjioglutolide is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

<p>(3β,24S)-3-Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (Compound 31), isolated from Lindera akoensis, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity [1].</p>

<p>(-)-Mandelic acid benzyl ester is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of (-)-Mandelic acid benzyl ester is 97415-09-3.</p>

<p>7-keto Dehydroepiandrosterone Acetate is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of 7-keto Dehydroepiandrosterone Acetate is 1449-61-2.</p>

7-Keto DHEA binds GABA receptors, reduces ethanol intake in rats, and shows promise as a compound for treating alcohol dependence disorders.

Testosterone Isocaproate is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Testosterone Isocaproate is 15262-86-9.

Oxyphyllol B exhibits pronounced diuretic and antidiuretic properties.

"(±)-ε-Viniferin, a racemate of ε-Viniferin, exhibits P450 inhibitory antioxidants, along with hepato-protective and antimicrobial activities. It also demonstrates antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 μM [1]."

8'-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-8'-hydroxyabscisic acid is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of 8'-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-8'-hydroxyabscisic acid is 69790-31-4.

R-3'-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol exhibited activity that relaxes blood vessels in a concentration-dependent manner.

<p>Secotubeimoside I is a tubeimoside I analogue and can be used as a standard reference.</p>

Notoginsenoside L13 is a natural product and can be used as a standard reference.

β-Cedrene ((+)-β-Cedrene), a sesquiterpene isolated from both Centaurea kotschyi var. kotschyi and Centaurea kotschyi var. decumbens, exhibits a broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, tonic, diuretic, sedative, insecticidal, and antifungal properties. Additionally, β-Cedrene acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of the CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase activity, demonstrating a K i value of 1.6 μM [1] [2].

Diosniposide B is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard.

<p>Theaflavanoside II is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Theaflavanoside II is 943785-09-9.</p>

10-O-[(E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl]-catalpol is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of 10-O-[(E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl]-catalpol is 834155-36-1.

22-Dihydrochondrillasterol, a natural product, is isolated from the root of Trichosanthes japonica [1].

Glucobrassicin (potassium), a glucosinolate (GSL) derived from wild carrot (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), is utilized in biological fumigation and allelopathy studies for weed control [1].

Glucoraphenin potassium, the primary orally active glucosinolate found in radish sprouts, catalyzes the induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs). It is hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase into sulforaphene, which is associated with anticancerogenic effects [1] [2].

Isochlorogenic acid C 4'-O-glucoside is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard.

Murracarpin exhibits vasorelaxing, antinociceptive (pain-blocking), and anti-inflammatory properties.

Oblonganoside D is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Oblonganoside D is 943021-91-8.

<p>Cyclo(Val-Hpro), a chemical compound, is isolated from the Ascotricha genus.</p>

Erucifoline N-oxide, isolated from Senecio persoonia, exhibits hepatotoxic activity [1].

"(±)-Enterodiol, the racemate of Enterodiol, is metabolized from lignans found in whole-grain cereals, nuts, legumes, flaxseed, and vegetables by human intestinal bacteria. This compound exhibits apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and has been identified to possess anti-cancer activities [1] [2]."

Acacetin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide] is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Acacetin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide] is 38722-95-1.

9,11-Dehydro-β-boswellic acid is a compound with urease inhibitory activity and acts as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), a critical enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis.

Cannabichromenic acid is a novel antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Uralenol-3-methyl ether, a flavonol extracted from Daphne giraldii [1], exhibits specific chemical properties inherent to its class.

Gynosaponin TN-2, demonstrating anti-Parkinsonian activity, mitigates L-DOPA (100 and 200 μM)-induced apoptotic cell death in pheochromocytoma 12 cells through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation.

Japondipsaponin E1 is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Japondipsaponin E1 is 175586-66-0.