Vitaminas

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Calcitroic Acid is a major metabolite of Calcitriol (C144500).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Esvelt, R.P. et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 206, 403 (1981); Onisko, B.L. et al.: Biochemistry, 19, 4124 (1980); Reddy, G.S. et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 1763 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Icariin inhibits the ROS-dependent JNK and p38 pathways.<br>References Zhou, H., et al.: Exp. Ther. Med., 7, 1116 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Perhydrofarnesyl Acetone is used as a flavor and fragrance agent, it is often used in jasmine compositions.<br>References Toda, H. et al.: Dev. Food Sci., 17, 181 (1988); Maggi, F. et al.: Food Chem., 113, 216 (2009); Maggi, F. et al.: Chem. Biodiv., 8, 2057 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Vitamin D, a possible anti-inflammatory steroid.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boyan, B., et al.: Steroids, 66, 363 (2001), Holick, M., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 88, 296 (2003), Vogeser, M., et al.: Clin. Chem., 50, 1415 (2004), Singh, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 3055 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Bioactive, synthetic vitamin D3 analog; exhibits antiproliferative effect on keratinocytes. Antipsoriatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Matsunaga, T., et al.: J. Dermatol., 17, 135 (1990), Gerritsen, M.J.P., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 131, 57 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled δ-Tocopherol. One of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Isolated from soybean oil.<br>References Emerson, et al.: Science, 83, 421 (1936), Bieri, J.G., et al.: J. Nutr., 104, 850 (1974), Jiang, Q., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 714 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of vitamin A (Retinol) (R252000).<br>References Allo, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 22003 (1991), Brancolini, C., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 139, 759 (1997), Bubb, M., et al.: J. Biol .Chem., 269, 14869 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Tocopherol acetate is the most bioactive of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Richest sources are green vegetables, grains, and oils, particularly palm, safflower and sunflower oils.<br>References Bianchi, G., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technology, 105, 229 (2003), Sakouhi, F., et al.: Food Chem., 108, 833 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Corotenoid component of the visual pigments. All-trans retinal is converted to retinoic acid in vivo by the action of retinal dehydrogenase.<br>References Ball, et al.: Biochem. J., 42, 516 (1948), O’Brien, D.F., et al.: Science, 218, 961 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications β-Tocopherol (Racemic Mixture) is one of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Is biologically less active than α-Tocopherol. This is the racemic mixture of all stereoisomers.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bianchi, G., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technology, 105, 229 (2003), Sakouhi, F., et al.: Food Chem., 108, 833 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 3-Sulfate is a metabolite of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (C125700).<br>References Higashi, T. et al.: Steroids, 65, 281 (2000); Higashi, T. et al.: Ann. Clin. Biochem., 36, 43 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Vitamin K1 2,3-Epoxide is a metabolite of Vitamin K1 (V676080), which is occurs widely in green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.<br>References Smee, D.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 23, 676 (1983), Miyamoto, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 839 (1986); Hassan, M.M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 449 (1988), Breton, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 12405 (1994), Dowd, P., et al.: Science, 269, 1684 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications 13-cis-Retinyl Acetate is a derivative of 13-Cis-Retinol (R252110), an active metabolite of vitamin A.<br>References Shantz, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 183, A61 (1950), Barua, A., et al.: Biochem. J., 164, 133 (1977), Brouwer, I., et al.: Nutr. Res. Rev., 14, 267 (2001), Grillenberger, M., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 95, 379 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-Biotin 4-Amidobenzoic Acid, Sodium Salt is a fluorigenic substrate for the determination of Biotinidase activity.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications α-Tocopherol is the most bioactive of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Richest sources are green vegetables, grains, and oils, particularly palm, safflower and sunflower oils.<br>References Bianchi, G., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technology, 105, 229 (2003), Sakouhi, F., et al.: Food Chem., 108, 833 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Isovitamin D3 is a metabolite of Vitamin D. Studies show that Isovitamin D3 is biologically active in normal rats but inactive in anephric rats.<br>References Holick, M.F. et al.: Science, 180, 964 (1973); Wilczek, H. et al.: Prak. Lek., 59, 794 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lumiflavin is a toxic photolysis product of vitamin B2 (R415000).<br>References Zhao, X. et al.: Chemosphere, 63, 1116 (2006); Litke, S.V. et al.: Khim. Fiz., 10, 48 (1991); Ye, W. et al.: Guang. Yaox. Xueb., 12, 175 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Saikosaponin A was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing activation of NF-kB signaling pathway.<br>References Wu, S.J., et al.: Am. J. Chin. Med., 38, 99 (2010); Wu. S.J., et al.: J. Med. Food., 11, 224 (2008); Yoon, S.S., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 529, 97 (2012); Lu, C.N., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 14, 121 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Deoxypyridoxine is the deoxy analogue of Pyridoxine (P991735). 4-Deoxypyridoxine is a vitamin B6 antimetabolite; 4-Deoxypyridoxine can induce a deficient status that alters the function and ultrastructure of EC similar to vascular disease.<br>References La Pesa, M. et al.: Pathologia, 62, 907 (1970); Chang, S..: J. Nutrit. Sci. Vitaminol., 46, 149 (2000); Yamashita, J.: J. Nutrit. Sci. Vitaminol., 22, 1 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Pyridoxine. One of the vitamins of the B6 complex; present in many foodstuffs (yeast, liver and cereals). Pyridoxine has a role in transporting protein Bsu1, Pyridoxine contributes to thiamine uptake; characterization of thiamine (vitamin B1) transporter Thi9 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.<br>References Williams, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 87, 581 (1930), Rodionov, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 48949 (2002),Nosaka, K., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 58, 467 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Liight Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Occurs preformed only in animals; metabolized from carotenoids, such β-carotene, in the intestinal mucosa. Dietary sources include liver, milk, butter, cheese, eggs and fish liver oils or as carotenois from fruits and vegetables. Stored primarily in the liver in esterified form; transported in the blood by retinol binding protein (RBP). Nutritional factor.<br>References Davis, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 15, 167 (1913), Crouch, R.K., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 64, 613 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pterine-6-carboxylic Acid is a degradation product of Folic acid (F680300).<br>References Akhtar, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 19, 269 (1999), Andrisano, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 983 (2003), Patro, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 67 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Vitamin A (R252000(M)).<br>References Touma, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 78, 1127 (2009), Muniz, A., et al.: Biochem., 48, 6854 (2009), Guignard, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 18759 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive, Toxic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Vitamin D2 (V676040).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Barnes, P., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 83, 1527 (1989), Holick, M., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 88(2), 296 (2003), Maunsell, Z., et al.: Clin. Chem., 51, 1683 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications δ-Tocotrienol is a natural substance with vitamin E activity. It can work as an antioxidant. It inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells.<br>References Sen, C., et al.: Life Sci., 78, 2088 (2006); Yoshida, Y., et al.: Chem. Phys. Lipids, 123, 63 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic Acid is a useful cosmetic gel and skin cleanser.<br>References Aizawa, K., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2020), WO 2020226147 A1<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyridoxal 5-phosphate Hydrate (cas# 853645-22-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications One of the bioactive forms of Riboflavin. Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, leafy vegetables. Richest natural source is yeast. Minute amounts present in all plant and animal cells. Vitamin (enzyme cofactor).<br>References Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942), Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Zymostenol, is the derivative of Zymosterol (Z701520), which is an sterol intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Roland, E.D., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 278 (1989); Echevarria, F., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 265, 8484 (1990); Baranovskii, A.V., et al.: Russian. J. Bioorg. Chem., 28, 250 (2002); Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934);<br></p>

<p>Applications A fragment of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) peptide sequence containing the 34 N-terminal residues of hPTH. This fragment was also found to be an agonist at PTH1 and PTH2 receptors.<br>References Niall, et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 71, 384 (1974); Dobnig,T., et al.: Endocrinol., 138, 4607 (1997); Manabe. et al.: Bone., 40, 1475 (2007);<br></p>

5,6-trans-Vitamin D3（5,6-trans-Cholecalciferol） is an isoform of Vitamin D3, which is converted from Vitamin D3 on the skin surface after light exposure.

<p>Applications Hydrocortisone 17-Valerate is a derivative of Hydrocortisone (H714615) which is a glucocorticoid that is produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland.<br>References Ponec, M. et. al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 75, 973 (1986); Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Coenzyme Q2 is a redox carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in eukaryotic cells. It has been used to investigate interaction of coenzyme Q with phosphatidylethanolamine membranes.<br>References Do, T., et al.: J. Biol Chem. 276, 18161 (2001); Gomez-Fernandez, J. C., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 739 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tocofersolan is a polyethylene glycol derivative of α-Tocopherol (T526125). Tocofersolan is a synthetic water-soluble vitamin E unlike its natural counterpart which are fat soluble. Tocofersolan is used in pediatrics in the treatment vitamin E-deficient cholestatic children. Tocofersolan has potential application as a absorption enhancer in drug delivery systems. Typical batch, n = 21<br>References Socha, P. et al.: J. Pediatric Gastroenterol. Nutr., 24, 189 (1997); Chang, T. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 59, 297 (1996); Wu, S.H.W. et al.: Pharmac. Technol., 23, 52 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications The biologically active form of vitamin D3. Calcium regulator; vitamin (antirachitic); antihyperparathyroid; antineoplastic; antipsoriatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Myrtle, J.F., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 245, 1190 (1970), Lawson, D.E.M., et al.: Nature, 230, 228 (1971), Norman, A.W., et al.: Science, 173, 51 (1971), Suda, T., et al.: Vitamins, 45, 175 (1972), Muindi, J.R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 72, 648 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 3-Hemisuccinate is a conjugate of 5-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (C125700), the principal circulating form of vitamin D3, formed in the liver by hydroxylation at C-25. Calcium regulator. Also used in the preparation and synthesis of antisera to be used in the immunoassay of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.<br>References Morii, et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 120, 513 (1967), Blunt, et al.: Biochemistry, 7, 3317 (1968), Liu, et al.: Science, 311, 1770 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Aminoimidazole is used as a building block for the synthesis vitamin B12-analogs via Eubacterium limosu.<br>References Endres, B. et al.: Biol. Chem. Hop.-Sey., 376, 595 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscoipic, Light and Air Sensitive<br>Applications Dihydrofolic Acid is an intermediate in mammalian conversion of dietary folic acid to tetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Folic acid (FA) and Dihydrofolic acid (FAH2) are substrates of dihydrofolate reductase(s) which reduce them to tetrahydrofolate (THF).<br>References Andres, J., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 24, 10 (1996), Benkovic, S., et al.: Science, 301, 1196 (2003), ,,,,Williams, D; J Mol Biol 2003, 329, 389,,,Krahn, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 46, 14878 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Vitamin D, a possibly anti-inflammatory steroid.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boyan, B., et al.: Steroids, 66, 363 (2001), Holick, M., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 88, 296 (2003), Vogeser, M., et al.: Clin. Chem., 50, 1415 (2004), Singh, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 3055 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Menaquinones are isoprenoid quinones of the naphthalene series and belongs to the K2 Vitamin homologs. Menaquinones were originally discovered as the anti-hemorrhagic factor and now encompasses a variety of physiological processes. Menaquinone 9 is a form of vitamin K2 which acts as a prothrombogenic agent and is also a functional electron transfer component in nitrate reductase.<br>References Hugenholtz, P., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 180, 4765 (1998), Ginet, N., et al.: Biochemistry, 40, 1812 (2001), Cape, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 34654 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cholecalciferol EP Impurity D<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Isotachysterol3 (Cholecalciferol EP Impurity D) is a degradation product of Vitamin D3 (V676045). Isotachysterol3 has been shown to stimulate intestinal Ca transport and bone Ca mobilization in anephric rats.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bolos, J. et al.: Cien. Indust. Farm., 6, 259 (1987); Holick, M.F. et al.: Science, 180, 964 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications Precursor to verious types of Vitamin K. Used as a micronutrient for livestock and pet foods.<br>References Sakamoto, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2955 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Hu, W., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 398, 245 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Di(α-tocopherol) Phosphate is used as a vitamin E supplement.<br>References Libinaki, R., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 44, 916 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications One of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Most abundant Tocopherol in soybean and corn oils.<br>References Emerson, et al.: Science, 83, 421 (1936), Bieri, J.G., et al.: J. Nutr., 104, 850 (1974), Jiang, Q., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 714 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Synthetic retinoic acid receptor-α/β-selective retinoid. Antineoplastic.<br>References Hashimoto, Y., et al.: Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 79, 473 (1988), Mizojiri, K., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 47, 59 (1997), Shinjo, K., et al.: Int. J. Hematol., 72, 470 (2000), Sanda, T., et al.: Leukemia, 19, 901 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Hydroxocobalamin is an intermediate in the synthesis of Nitritocobalamin(N490240) is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Hydroxocobalamin Acetate (H826800); a physiological analog of vitamin B12 where the CN group is replaced with OH. Exists in aqueous solution as an equilibrium mixture of the hydroxy isomer and the ionic aqua isomer (aquacobalamin). Precursor of the coenzymes methylcobalamin and cobamamide. Coordination Compound. Vitamin (hematopoietic).<br>References Kaczka, E.A., et al.: Science, 112, 354 (1950); Friedrich, W., et al.: Vitamins, 837 (1988); Forsyth, J.C., et al.: Clin. Toxicol., 31, 277 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications γ-Tocotrienol exhibits antioxidant properties and belongs to the vitamin E family. It is naturally found in wheat germ oil and bran. In addition, α-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol derivatives are potential lead compounds for developing anticancer and antiproliferative agents against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the A549 lung cancer cells.<br>References Gagic, Z., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 88, 59 (2016); Guardiola, F., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 34, 193 (1996); Kong, S., et al.: Food Chem., 120, 278 (2010); Aggarwal, B., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 80, 1613 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications SR 9011 is a synthetic REV-ERBα/β agonist with activity in vivo. It is a lead compound for a new class of cancer drugs associated with the body’s circadian clock.<br>References Solt, L.A., et. al.: Nature, 485, 7396 (2012); Chem. and Eng. News. p.8, Jan. 15, 2018<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Proline is an amino acid and precursor (with vitamin C) for collagen, the building block of the structure of tendons, ligaments, arteries, veins and muscles. It is important in wound healing.<br>References Bondarenko, L.B., et al.: Int. J. Peptides., 2, 1687 (2012); Rimer, T., et al.: Biomacromolecules, 13, 2110 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis includes topical treatments such as corticosteroids, antifungals, metronidazole and pimecrolimus.<br>References Miyachi, Y., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 114, 231 (1986), Rallis, E., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 30, 191 (2004), Ozcan, H., et al.: Eur. J. Dermatol., 17, 313 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]benzoic Acid is used in the preparation of pentamethylnaphthylmethylbenzoates as a selective retinoid X receptor ligands that induce apoptosis in leukemia cells.<br>References Boehm, M.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3146-55 (1995); Furmie, J.K., et al.: ChemMedChem, 7, 1551-66 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A cofactor of microbial quinoprotein enzyme, and imidazopyrroline. A redox/cofactor found in a a class of enzymes called quinoproteins.<br></p>

<p>Applications 13(S)-HODE is an inhibitor of tumor cell adhesion in endothelium tissue. 13(S)-HODE is also used to activate GPR132 which may affect autoimmune function and lymph organ size.<br>References Le, L. et al.: Immunity., 14, 561 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cholecalciferol EP Impurity A<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 5,6-trans-Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol EP Impurity A) is the major photoisomer of Vitamin D3 analog, as an impurity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bikle, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 25, 1545 (1986), Webb, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 68, 882 (1989), Baran, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 50, 124 (1992), Tian, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 14888 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite from endophytes of the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli.<br>References Stadler, M., et al.: Planta Med., 60, 128 (1994), Kopcke, B., et al.: Phytochemistry, 60, 709 (2002), Chu, M., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 66, 1527 (2003), Weber, D., et al.: J. Antibiot., 57, 559 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled aglucon of Daidzin.<br>References Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 7, 637 (1992), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1221, 29 (1994), Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Menaquinones are isoprenoid quinones of the naphthalene series and belongs to the K2 Vitamin homologs. Menaquinones were originally discovered as the anti-hemorrhagic factor and now encompasses a variety of physiological processes. Menaquinone 4 has four isoprene residue in its side chain and is also commonly refered to as menatetrenone. Menaquinone-4 is the most common type of vitamin K2 and is known as a hemostatic agent and is used as adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.<br>References Hugenholtz, P., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 180, 4765 (1998), Ginet, N., et al.: Biochemistry, 40, 1812 (2001), Cape, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 34654 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture, Temperature, Light Sensitive, Store in freezer<br>Applications Used as a treatment for severe acne. Presently being studied in conjuction with the treatment of photoaged skin.<br>References Lerche, C., et al.: Exp. Dermatol., 17, 972 (2008), Sato, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 7705 (2008), Gan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 690 (2009), Macejova, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 184, 114 (2009), Chen, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 234, 143 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Ferroprotoporphyrin IX is a metabolite formed during biosynthesis and is used to evaluate iron nutrition and metabolism. It is also an iron containing cofactor that is involved with a wide range of cellular functions including oxygen transport.<br>References Labbe, R.F., et. al.: Clin. Chem., 45, 146 (1999); Yuan, X., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, E5144 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications Vitamin K2(5) is an analog of Vitamin K that acts as a reducing agent and also acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain of many bacteria. Intake of Vitamin K2(5) is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease.<br>References Fu, Q., et al.: Biodegradation, 20, 109 (2009); Gelejinse, J., et al.: J. Nut., 134, 3100 (2004); Jiang, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 47, 3426 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A small molecule agonist of the human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Recept δ (PPAR δ). It shows an EC50 of 1.1 nM against PPAR δ with 100-fold selectivity over the other human subtypes.<br>References Sznaidman, M.L., et al.: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 13, 1517 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Vitamin K1 (V676080). Occurs widely in green plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria.<br>References Hassan, M.M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 449 (1988), Breton, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 12405 (1994), Dowd, P., et al.: Science, 269, 1684 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Thyroxine is one of the thyroid hormones involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Synthesized and stored as amino acid residues of thyroglobulin, the major protein component of the thyroid follicular colloid. Synthesis and secretion are regulated by the pituitary hormone (TSH). Deiodinated in peripheral tissues to the active metabolite, liothyronine. The D-form has very little activity as a thyroid hormone, but has been used to treat hyperlipidemia.<br>References Post, A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 225 (1976); Nelson, J.C., et al.: Clin. Chem., 34, 1737 (1988); Fischer, D.A., et al.: Clin. Chem., 42, 135 (1996); Cavalieri, R.R., et al.: Thyroid, 7, 177 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel phenolic antioxidant that showed strong antimutagenic activity against eight carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HCA), produced during cooking processes. Its antimutagenic activity appeared to inhibit both metabolic activation of HCA and action on activated N-Hydroxy species.<br>References Hirose, M., et al.: Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 84, 481 (1993), Hirsoe, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 2, 217 (1995), Hirsoe, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 9, 2227 (1995), Hirsoe, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 12, 3049 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications One of the thyroid hormones involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Synthesized and stored as amino acid residues of thyroglobulin, the major protein component of the thyroid follicular colloid. Synthesis and secretion are regulated by the pituitary hormone (TSH). Deiodinated in peripheral tissues to the active metabolite, liothyronine. The D-form has very little activity as a thyroid hormone, but has been used to treat hyperlipidemia.<br>References Post, A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 225 (1976), Nelson, J.C., et al.: Clin. Chem., 34, 1737 (1988), Fischer, D.A., et al.: Clin. Chem., 42, 135 (1996), Cavalieri, R.R., et al.: Thyroid, 7, 177 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications A pro-drug of Dexamethasone (D298800), an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid. It was found that liposomal DXM-P inhibited both chronic inflammation and joint destruction, whereas free DXM-P failed to prevent joint destruction.<br>References Kodelja, V., et al.: J. Immunol., 160, 1411 (1998), Metselaar, J., et al.: Arthritis Rheum., 48, 2059 (2003), Buttgereit, F., et al.: Arthritis Rheum., 50, 3408 (2004), Martinez, F., et al.: Front Biosci., 13, 453 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Retinyl Propionate is a Vitamin A ester derivative. Retinyl Propionate is a hypermitotic agent that is used in cosmetic formulations.This compound contains an unknown cis isomer.<br>References Ridge, B.D. et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 118, 167 (1988); Oblong, J.E. et al.: Cosm. Sci. Technol., Ser., 27, 441 (2005); Weisse, S. et al.: J. Drug Del. Sci. Technol., 14, 77 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications LG 100268 is a potent RXR agonist for evaluation in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).<br>References Clyne, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 20591 (2002), Santen, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, 3007 (2002), Falender, A., et al.: Endocrinology, 144, 3598 (2003), Sablin, E., et al.: Mol. Cell., 11, 1575 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A nucleotide of nicotinic acid which is produced from quinolinic acid by quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase via transfer of a phosphoribose group. It is an intermediate of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) which is then converted to NAD via amidation and in turn converted to NADPH.<br>References Petrelli, R. et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 18, 1973 (2011); Shibata, K. et al.: J. Chrom. B Biomed. Sci. Appl., 749, 281 (2000); Evans, C. et al.: BMC Chem. Biol., 10, 2 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Eupatilin maintains anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity isolated from the Artemisia princeps Pampanini flower.<br>References Ryu, R. et al.: Prev. Nutr. Food Sci., 18, 181 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Naringenin, an active flavanone, maintains antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic activities. Used in the treatment of praquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress.<br>References Podder, B. et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotech., 24, 605 (2014); Abd El Azim, M. et al.: Org. Chem. An Ind. J., 10,410 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is the disodium salt of F701085, which is a Folic Acid (F680300) derivative. Folic Acid is a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is also used in the diagnosis and prevention and therapy of cerebral folate dificiency in relation to formation of folate receptor autoantibodies and treatment with reduced folate and antioxidants.<br>References Slieker, L.J., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 25, 294-302 (1984); Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010); Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010); Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010); McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010)Ramaekers, WO 2006119589, (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Adapalene derivatives.<br>References Zinner, R., et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 8, 521 (2009), Virtanen, M., et al.: Exper. Dermatol., 19, 674 (2010),<br></p>