Antibióticos Naturais e Semissintéticos

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-HABA Kanamycin A is an impurity of Amikacin (A578500).<br>References Gunawardana, G., et al.: J. Antibiot., 50, 887 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications The more active Zearalenone (Z270500) metabolite.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Olsen, M., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 15 (1981), Chang, W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 887 (1984), El Golli, E., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 166, 122 (2006), Hassen, W., et al.: Toxicology, 232, 294 (2007), Benzoni, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 25, 461 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin (M745000) impurity.<br>References Martel, A., et al.: Drugs Fut., 22, 109 (1997), Tobin, C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 278 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vancomycin Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used against gram-positive bacterial strains.<br>References Yao, N., et al.: Biopolymers, 90, 421 (2008); Lai, H., et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 2046 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications (9E)-Erythromycin A Oxime is a metabolite of Roxithromycin (R700850) in humans. It has anti-Helicobacter pylori activity<br>References Nam, G. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 569 (2006); Zhong, D. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 552 (2000); Yamazaki, H. et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 26, 1053 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefaclor EP Impurity F/ Ampicillin EP Impurity H<br>Applications 2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazine (Cefaclor EP Impurity F) is a degradation product of Cefaclor (C235250), a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Baertschi, S.W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 82, 622 (1993); Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Ledipasvir (GS-5885) is a Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor.</p>

<p>Applications The labelled enatiomeric analogue of the antimicrobial agent Thiamphenicol (T344160).<br>References Gal, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 77, 1062 (1988); Martin, J. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 96, 215 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.<br>References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity J<br>Applications Descladinose Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity J) is a metabolite of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin (A927000).<br>References Luke, D.R. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 61, 641 (1997); Foulds, G. et al.: Infect. Dis. THer., 18, 367 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-Oxide is related to Rifapentine(R508500) a compound with antibacterial properties.<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.<br>References Bollag, D.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 55, 2325 (1995), Hardt, I.H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 64, 847 (2001), Gerth, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 55, 41, 45 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(Hydroxymethylene)-6-phenyl-2,5-piperazinedione is a derivative of Cephalexin Hydrate (C256800), which is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Muggleton, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 253 (1968), Marrelli, L.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 21 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mutilin, is used to perform biological studies with focus on antimicrobial activity. This complex is also a reagent in the production of pleuromutilin derivatives.<br>References Helmut, E., et al.: J. Antibiot., 29, 923 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Salinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic used in farming for the prevention of coccidiodomycosis in poultry and to alter gut flora in order to improve nutrient absorption in ruminants. An anticoccidial agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Porter, C., et al.: Poult Sci., 34, 995 (1955), Hancock, R., et al.: Lancet, 349, 418 (1997), Ogita, A., et al.: Toxicology, 215, 205 (2005), Usuki, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1553 (2006), Ogita, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 60, 511 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the semi-synthetic cephalosporins synthesis. Found in Acremonium chrysogenum.<br>References Fukagawa, M. et al.; Agr. Biol. Chem. 55, 2163 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sisomicin is an Antibacterial. Gentamicin-like aminoglycoside antibiotic; has broad spectrum antibiotic activity.<br>References Weinstein, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 23, 551 (1970), Sculier, J.P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 9, 63 (1982), Noone, P., et al.: Drugs, 27, 548 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ivermectin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 28-Oxo Ivermectin B1a is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2,5-Pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Azithromycin B (Azithromycin EP Impurity B), is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, and related to Erythromycin A.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Second-generation labelled cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications CP 1282 is the tautomer of the antibiotic Cefotetan (C242970) with similar degradation rates.<br>References Koshiro, A. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 1864 (1989); Naber, K. et al.: Zeitsch. Antmickrob. Antineoplast. Chemother., 2, 161 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cycloserine dimer as potential impurity of drug Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Perez-Sala, D., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38,1037 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Terbinafine BP Impurity A; Terbinafine USP Related Compound A<br>Applications N-Methyl-1-naphthalenemethanamine hydrochloride (Terbinafine BP Impurity A; Terbinafine USP Related Compound A) is an intermediate used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals such as Terbinafine hydrochloride (T107500) and Butenafine hydrochloride (B690195).<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984); Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985); Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999); Kokjohn, K., et al.: Int. J. Dermatol., 42, 11 (2003); Sumikawa, M., et al.: J. Dermatol., 34, 456 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Cycloserine inhibits cell wall biosynthesis (D-Ala peptide bond formation). D-Cycloserine also prevents conversion of D-Ala to L-Ala. D-Cycloserine is an bacteriostatic. D-Cycloserine is an antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. There is evidence that D-cycloserine can enhance neuronal changes that lead to learning.<br>References Lamb., J.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 53 (1972), Gentry-Weeks, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 7298 (1993), Alexander, F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 953 (1994), Auger, S., et al.: Biochimie, 87, 231 (2005); Chem and Eng. News p. 12, Dec. 7/14 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Delactamimipenem Monosodium is an impurity found in imipenem (I465200).<br>References Ratcliffe, R.W., et. al.: J. Org. Chem., 54, 653 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Enrofloxacin-d5 is a labelled fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Eribulin binds microtubules, halts cancer cell growth, treating metastatic breast cancer.</p>

<p>Impurity Doxycycline Related Compound A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 6-Epi Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial and certain parasitic infections. Doxycycline Related Compound A<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jutglar, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 159, 60 (2018); Metsemakers, W., et al.: J. Control. Release, 209, 47 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Desmethyl Rifaximin is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clarithromycin (C559750). Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin is a derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987), Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012), Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Tylosin (T947650). Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of carboxylic acid.<br>References Bardsley, W., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971), Kim, J., et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 1331 (2005), Kopka, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 312 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Fumagillin is a compound isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumagillin is an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of microsporidiosis. Fumagillin shows promise as both an an anti-infective and antiangiogenic agent.<br>References Molina, J.M. et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 346, 1963 (2002); Hou, L. et al.: Pathol. Int., 59, 448 (2009); Ingber, D. et al.: Nature, 348, 555 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications An orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to Naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Antifungal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985), Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tacrolimus Related Compound A USP<br>Applications A potent immunosuppressive agent and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.<br>References Matuszewski, B., et al.: Anal. Chem., 75, 3019 (2003), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Chem., 51, 1890(2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiamphenicol is an antibiotic. Thiamphenicol is the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol and has a similar spectrum of activity, but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent. Thiamphenicol is used particularly for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease.<br>References Tikhonova, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 32116 (2004), Baucheron, S., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 55, 707 (2005), Pages, J., et al.: Trends. Mol. Med., 11, 382 (2005), Lomovskaya, O., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 910 (2006), Samosorn, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 857 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxidectin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 2-epi-Moxidectin is stereoisomer of Moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic rifamycin. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983), Assandri, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1066 (1984), Jarvis, B., et al.: Drugs, 56, 607 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Terbinafine N-oxide is an impurity of Terbinafine (T107500), an antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984); Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985); Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Brodie, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 17, 876 (1980), Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 29, 105 (1985), Abounassif, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 95 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications [6R-[6α,7β(R*)]]-7-[(Aminophenylacetyl)amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Cefaclor (C235250), an second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for antibacterial purposes.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications 28-Epirapamycin is an epimer of Rapamycin (R124000), a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants.<br>References Yang, W., et. al.: Org. Lett., 1, 2033 (1999); Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977); Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993); Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000); Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications VANCOMYCIN (cas# 1404-90-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Lufenuron is a benzoylurea pesticide which inhibits the production of chitin in larval fleas.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dryden, M.W.,et al.: Int. J. App. Res. Veterrin. Med., 10, 198 (2012); Malhat, F., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 1037 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefadroxil EP Impurity A(Amoxicillin EP Impurity A)<br>Applications 4-Hydroxy-D-(-)-2-phenylglycine (Cefadroxil EP Impurity A(Amoxicillin EP Impurity A)) is an compound used mainly for the synthetic preparation of β-lactam antibiotics.<br>References Koide, H., et al.: J. Antibio., 65, 91 (2012); Aranaz, I., et al.: Enzyme. Micro. Tech., 39, 215 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin is an antibiotic.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Neamine is normally found as a core structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is used in the synthesis of disaccharide neamine derivatives as antibacterial agents.<br>References Kawaguchi, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 25, 695 (1972), Fourmy, D., et al.: Science, 274, 1367 (1996), Riguet, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 4806 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Amino-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl Phosphate Barium Salt (Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)) is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cefixime (C242800). Orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Piperacillin EP Impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Monodecarboxy Piperacilloic Acid (Piperacillin EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Piperacillin (P479950), a β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Saikawa, I. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 995 (1977); Saikawa, I. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 1071 (1977); Takano, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 1064 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications A third generation cephalosporin antibiotic for used in veterinary medicine. It is resistant to antibiotic resistance enzyme beta-lactamase.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.<br>References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-butylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (cas# 856838-98-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Stability Sample is unstable in solution<br>Applications Erythromycin A N-oxide is a facile metabolite of erythromycin A.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996), Lykkeberg, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 325 (2004), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Clavulanic Acid Methyl Ester is a substituted Clavulanic acid (C563750) as β-lactamase inhibitor.<br>References Reading, C., et al.: J. Enzyme Inhibition, 1, 83 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications D-Penicillamine Disulfide is used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Motor Neuron Disease. Inactivator of α1-antiproteinase, preventing deleterious effects of peroxynitrite.<br>References Peters, L. et al.: Xenobio., 25, 1013 (1994); Whiteman, M. et al.: Annals. Rheum. Dis., 55, 383 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin metabolite.<br>References Dickman, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 1405 (2000), Davis, D., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 31 (2000), Cummins, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 308, 143 (2004), Scholer, A., et al.: Clin. Lab., 52, 325 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of labelled FK-506 (Tacrolimus)<br>References Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996), Knoll, G.A., et al.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Eprinomectin-13CD3 is an isotopic analog of Eprinomectin (E590050), a mixture of semi-synthetic Avermectins.<br>References Jones, T.K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 1786 (1994), Arena, J.P., et al.: J. Parasitol., 81, 286 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability: Hygroscopic<br>Applications: Posaconazole Succinyl Ester is the derivative of Posaconazole (P689600), which is an orally active triazole antifungal.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000), Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004), Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Retapamulin is an antibacterial agent used as a substitute for the more commonly known Penicillin (P223505).<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Dunham, J.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 249 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin Related Compound O<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Ethyl is an analogue of Azithromycin (A927000), an semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that is related to Erythromycin (E649950).<br>References Bright, G.M., et al.: J. Antibio., 41, 1029 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Roxithromycin (R700850) structurally related substance in bulk samples. Roxithromycin impurity.<br>References Gasc, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991, Chepkwony, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 914, 53 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity A<br>Applications 9-Deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homo Erythromycin A (Azithromycin EP Impurity A) is a novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Cefodizime can be obtained from Ethyl Acetate (E899545) which is a chemical intermediate used in the production of various analgesics, antibiotics and antimalarial agents.<br>References Mutti, F.G., et al.: Adv. Syn. Cata., 354, 3409 (2012); Subudhi, B., et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc., Ethiopia., 26, 455 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Azithromycin Related Impurity H /Azithromycin EP Impurity H<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3'-N-[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl]-3'-N-demethyl Azithromycin is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000).<br>References Debremaeker, D. et al.: Rap. Comm. Mass. Spec., 17, 342 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]butanoic Acid is an impurity of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Murugan, R., Narayanan, S.S.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 8, 36 (2009); Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982); Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Sulbactam EP Impurity A<br>Applications 3-Sulfino-D-valine (Sulbactam EP Impurity A) act as an effective scavengers of HOCl and has therapeutic effect which may be due to the protection of tissues against the reactive HOCl released by activated granulocytes at inflammation sites.<br>References Cuperus, R. A.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Protein Struct. Mol. Enzymol., 749, 18-23 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979); Serisier, D. et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 309, 1206 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture<br>Applications Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture.<br>References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>