Toxicology

<p>Applications Linear Daptomycin Hydrochloride Salt is the hydrochloride salt of L466470, which is the open-conformation of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial. Daptomycin Impurity<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Des-N-(methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leucine Bis-Boc Atazanavir is an intermediate for the synthesis of Atazanavir (A790051) and the preparation of some peptide analogs.<br>References Martin, J., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 32, 239 (1995), Jadhav, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 181 (1997), Bold, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 3387 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Dimethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate is used as a reagent to synthesize (+)-Migrastatin, a natural macrolide compound produced by Streptomyces 1 &amp; 2 that acts as a tumour migration cell inhibitor. (-)-Dimethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate is also a derivative of Tartaric acid (L-isomer: T007630 &amp; D-isomer: T007625), a compound that is used as a chiral complexing agent in synthetic chemistry.<br>References Chen, L., et al.: Nature, 464, 1062 (2010); Gaul, C., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 6042 (2003); Heldin, E., et al.: Chromatographia, 32, 407 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ledipasvir-d6 is labelled Ledipasvir (L320100) which is most commonly used in combination with sofosbuvir for treatment in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.<br>References Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Quinine.<br>References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications A toxic metabolite of Fenamiphos, a pesticide in fruits and vegetables.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schenck, F., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 73, 24 (2004), Okihashi, M., et al.: J. Pestic. Sci., 30, 368 (2005), Lopez, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 1553 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications An amine reactive trifunctional cross linker.<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-3'-Hydroxy Cotinine-d3 Acetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of trans-3'-Hydroxy Cotinine-d3 (Racemic Mixtures) (H924510), which is useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Desai, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 47 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atazanavir Impurity 1<br>Applications An epimeric impurity of Atazanavir, novel azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor. Atazanavir Impurity 1<br>References Chitturi, S.R. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 55, 31 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Benzyloxybutyrylcarnitine O-Benzyl Chloride is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine Chloride (H830900), which is a reagent used to study acylcarnitine profile in thyroid disease.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 46, 180 (2013); Alu, F., et al.: Heredity, 110, 253 (2013); Adam, B., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 44, 1445 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Endosulfandiol is a metabolite of Endosulfan (E555505), an insecticide that poses health risks to humans and animals that acquire it through ingestion, inhalation, and percutaneous contact. Despite its potential risks, it is still being widely used all around the globe to protect cotton, sugarcane, and vegetable crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cerrillo, I., et al.: Environ. Res., 98, 233 (2005); Bhalerao, T. &amp; Puranik, P.: Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 59, 315 (2007); Kalender, S., et al.: Toxicology, 202, 227 (2004); Naqvi, S. &amp; Vaishnavi, C.: Comp. Biochem. Phys. C, 105, 347 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pentachlorophenol-13C6 is the labeled form of Pentachlorophenol (P238100), which is used as insecticide for terminate control; pre-harvest defoliant; general herbicide. Antimicrobial preservative and fungicide for wood, wood products, starches, textiles, paints, adhesives, leather, pulp, paper, industrial waste systems, building materials. Surface disinfectant.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gaines, T.B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 14, 515 (1969),<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected metabolite of Testosterone (T155000) in humans and animals.<br>References Demisch, K. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 8, 284 (1969); Fernandez, C. et al.: J Chrom. B Biomed. Appl., 677, 363 (1996); Capolongo, F. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 26, 160 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Furamidine is a diphenylfuran compound belonging to an important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. Furamidine and its analogues also display antitumor activities and showed antiproliferative activities against various tumor cell lines.<br>References Lansiaux, A. et al.: Cancer Res., 62, 7219 (2002); Steck E.A. et al.: Exp. Parasitol., 52, 404 (1981); Balzarini, J. et al.: Incest. New Drugs, 1, 103 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ursodeoxycholic Acid-24-13C is the labeled compound of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000). It is used as an anticholelithogenic. Epimer with Chenodiol with respect to the hydroxyl group at C7.<br></p>

<p>Applications O-Desmethyl-O-ethyl Albendazole-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of O-Desmethyl-O-ethyl Albendazole (D291825); an impurity of Albendazole (A511610) which is an anthelmintic.<br>References Li, A., et al.: Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 22, 360 (1991); Zhao, Y., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 6, 4509 (2008); Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lopinavir O-Sulfate is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Carnitine used in diagnostic screening of patients with inherited disorders of fatty acid oxidation.<br>References Johnson, D.W. et al.: Chem. Phys. Lipids, 129, 161 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,5S,13aR)-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-Octahydro-8-methoxy-7,9-dioxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxamide-d2, 15N is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Urolithin B Glucuronide counteracts trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced cell damage and other detrimental effects of the cardiovascular systems triggered by TMAO.<br>References Savi, M., et al.: Molecules, 23, 549 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-METHYL-5-PROPYL-4(1H)-PYRIMIDINONE (cas# 103980-68-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (O700100). It is a COVID19-related research product.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1S-cis-Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid which was evaluated in vitro and the interactions with estrogen receptor were predicted to determine disruption of the hormonal network and the enantioselectivity of bifenthrin in trophoblast. 1S-cis-Bifenthrin was observed to have greater effects of consistent enantioselective interference o hormone signaling. Thus, 1S-cis-Bifenthrin are of significant concern to maternal-fetal health.Third generation synthetic pyrethroid. Insecticide, acaricide. Used in Pesticide detection<br>References Zhao, Meirong., Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 48, 8109-8116, (2014)Plummer, E.L., et al.: Pestic. Sci., 14, 560 (1983), Trumble, J.T., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 81, 608 (1988), Ross, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 657 (2006), Hillegass, J., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 102, 413 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Danoprevir is a selective and potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus.<br>References Ali, A. et al.: ACS. Chem. Biol., 8, 1469 (2013); Rong, L. et al.: PLoS. Comp. Biol., 9, e1002959 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-Chloropyridine (C380605). (2-CPY) has been identified as a trace organic chemical in process streams, wastewater and even drinking water. Furthermore, it appears to be formed as a secondary pollutant during the decomposition of specific insecticides. 2-CPY was found to be genotoxic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Demsia, G., et al.: Mutat. Res., 634, 32 (2007), Stapleton, D., et al.: Water Res., 43, 3964 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications PropamocarbHydrochloride (CAS# 25606-41-1) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Iso Desloratadine Hydrochloride Salt is a degradation product of Desloratadine (D290250).<br>References Anon, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 15575 (1991), Piwinski. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 457 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as an anticholinergic<br>References Goldenthal, E.I.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Applications An derivative of Codeine<br>References Okuda, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 12, 104 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-(Ethylamino)-1,1-dimethylethyl Ester Fluvoxamine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of N-(Ethylamino) Fluvoxamine (E898280), which is a Fluvoxamine impurity.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-N-methylurea is a photolysis product of herbicide Tribenuron-methyl (T767555) on glass, soil, and plant surfaces.<br>References Bhattacharjee, A., Dureja, P.: J. Environ. Sci. Health B, B37, 131 (2002); Marzouk, E., et al.: J. Appl. Sci. Res., 9, 4907 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel, potent, and highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor that has been shown to improve glycemic control in diabetic mice and rats.<br></p>

<p>Applications Asenapine Maleate, is a 5-HT receptor antagonist developed for the treatment of acute schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Antagonist of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and histamine receptors.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tarazi. F.I., et al.: Drugs. Today., 45, 865 (2009); Boboaca, S.D., et al.: Int. J. Molec. Sci., 12, 4348 (2011); Audinot, V., et al.: Neuropsycopharmacol., 25, 410 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Aminobenzotrifluoride is a known human toxin that can cause bacterial mutation and hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Reinhold, D., et al.: T. ASAE, 49, 2077 (2006); Thompson, C., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 5, 803 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholic Acid (C432600) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-1-iso-propyl-d7-2-piperidinecarboxamide (CAS# 1276197-11-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Tolfenamic Acid. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A derivative of anthranilic acid, related structurally to Mefenamic and Flufenamic acids. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic.<br>References Pentikaeinen, P., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 19, 359 (1981), Bundscherer, A., et al.: Oncol. Rep., 19, 547 (2008), Elwood, P., et al.: Lancet, 373, 1301 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Karetazan is used in the preparation of Pyrazole derivatives as pesticides as well as as a chemical hybridisation agent for commercial hybrid seed production.<br>References Buysse, A., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ., 118 (2016); Walsh, M., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 77., (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Monocrotophos is an organophosphorous insecticide. Monocrotophos is used mainly against cotton pests but it is also used in the protection of citrus, rice, potatoes, vegetables and other crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Patel, I. et al.: Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 67, 83 (1997); Rao, V.L. et al.: Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 54, 209 (1984); Kinzer, R.E. et al.: J, Econ. Entomol., 69, 697 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Applications Umeclidinium Bromide-d10 is the isotope labelled analog of Umeclidinium Bromide (U710000); a compound that is considered as a potentially long-acting antimuscarinic agent.<br>References Cazzola, M., et al.: Pharmacol., Rev., 64, 450 (2012); Laine, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 2493 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triphenyltin Hydroxide is an organotin compound. Triphenyltin Hydroxide is used as a fungicide and antifeeding compound for insect control (1,2). Recent studies show that Triphenyltin Hydroxide may have adverse effects on the reproductive and immune systems and may disrupt the endocrine system (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Sarpa M. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. A. 2010;73(13-14):965-712. Soderquist, J. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem. Jan:28(1);111-1173. Golub, M. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2004 Jul-Aug;7(4):281-95<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled analogue of the active metabolite of Bosentan, a mixed endothelin receptor antagonist which is used as a vasodilator.<br>References Clozel, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 270, 228 (1994), Gutsch, G., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 10, 717 (1996), Weber, C., et al.: Clin Pharmacol. Ther., 60, 124 (1996), Krum, H., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 338, 784 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenoxaprop-ethyl is a pesticide.<br>References Chen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 1481 (2014); Yoshida, M., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 38, 205 (2013); EPA: Federal Register, 78, 78746 (2013); EPA: Federal Register, 79, 26158 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications N,9-O-Diacetylneuraminic Acid is a primary receptor determinant of influenza C virus.<br>References Rogers, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 261, 5947 (1986); Herrler, G., et al.: EMBO J., 4, 1503 (1985);<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Hexanoate-d11 is the isotopic analog of Testosterone Hexanoate. Testosterone Hexanoate is a metabolite of testosterone(T155000), which is used in analytical studies to determine the use of anabolic steroid esters and related compounds in equine hair sample though ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.<br>References Gray, B.P., et al.: Analtica Chemica Acta, 787, 163 (2013); McKinney, A., et al.: Bioanalysis 1, 785 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled NS3 serine protease inhibitor of hepatitis C virus. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Malcolm, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50, 1013 (2006); Cubero, M., et al.: Virology, 370, 237 (2008); Venkatraman, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 6074 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxyquinoline Sulfate is used as a food preservative.<br>References Gendy, A. et al.: Aud. J. Basic. App. Sci., 6, 260 (2012); Abou El-Ghait, E. et al.: Res. J. Agri. Biol. Sci., 8, 261 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5α-Dihydrocortisol 21-Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl is an intermediate in the synthesis of Allo-3α-tetrahydro Cortisol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt-d7 (A548512), which is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615) in human plasma.<br>References Ikegawa, S. et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 10124 (2009); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 13, 751 (1980); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 6, 1267 (1975);<br></p>

<p>Applications Midazolam-13C2 is the labeled analogue of Midazolam (M343000), an anesthetic; anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.<br>References Dundee, J. W., et al.: Drugs, 28, 519 (1984); Lahat, E., et al.: Br. Med. J., 321, 83 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosfolan was identified and determined to be a residual pesticide in okra samples.<br>References Lin, Y. C., et al.: Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence, 52, 999 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Demeton is a phosphorothioate insecticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lehotay, S., et al.: J. AOAC Int., 88, 595 (2005); Henderson, C., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 48, 157 (1955)<br></p>

<p>Applications MCPA methyl ester is a derivative of MCPA which is a herbicide.<br>References Elliott, B., et al.: Mutagenesis, 20, 3 (2005), Pfleeger, T., et al.; Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, 455 (2010)<br></p>