Toxicology

<p>Impurity Lopinavir EP Impurity K<br>Applications Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer (Lopinavir EP Impurity K) is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications An Atorvastatin impurity in bulk drug and tablets.<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Hydroxy Efavirenz is a metabolite of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.<br>References Gorski, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 1643 (1994), Desta, Z., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 285, 428 (1998), Langmann, P., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Res., 7, 309(2002), Chang, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 7 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Chloro-N,N-diethylaniline-d10 is derived from 4-Chlorophenylamine (C421894), which is an organic chemical reagent and precursor in the synthesis of various drugs and dyestuffs. It is a building block and degradation product of Chlorhexidine (C335045), an antiseptic as well as azo dyes and pigments in printing and textiles.<br>References Leucea, D. et al.: Ind. Text., 61, 304 (2010); Below, H. et al.: Microchim. Acta 146, 129 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid (cas# 176969-34-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluoxetine (F597100) derivative. A stereoselective inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake and phosphodiesterase. Potential antidepressants<br>References Cashman, J. et al.: Bioorgan Med. Chem. 17, 337 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone is used in the formation of spirophosphoranes containing acyclic 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl substituent.<br>References Mironov, V. F., et al.: Russ. J. Electrochem., 88, 430-438 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethylene seco-Benzoxadiazine Marbofloxacin is an impurity of Marbofloxacin (M197000); a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977); Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-3-Aminobutan-1-ol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.<br>References Johns, B. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 5901 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications This product is deuterated at the 1 position and on the ajacent methyl. The 1 position is the benylic position of the bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl. This compound has a mixture of 1 to 4 deuterium atoms, there is no detectable unlabeled material.Aprepitant is a structurally novel substance P neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that aprepitant is metabolised primarily by CYP3A4 with minor metabolism by CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and no metabolism by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP2E1.<br>References Hale, J.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4607 (1998), Campos, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 1759 (2001), Van Belle, S., et al.: Cancer, 94, 3032 (2002), Majumdar, A.K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 291 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxy Velpatasvir is an impurity of antivaral drug Velpatasvir (V116000), which is a HCV NS5A inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C.<br>References Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015); Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Rosiglitazone.<br>References Balton, G.C., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 6, 627 (1996), Kim, K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 941 (2005), Kirchheiner, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 80, 657 (2006), O'Maille, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 48, 934 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ritonavir EP Impurity F<br>Applications Des(isopropylthiazolyl) Hydantoin Ritonavir (Ritonavir EP Impurity F) is a Ritonavir (R535000) derivative with potential use in the treatment of viral infections. Cytochrome P450 oxidase inhibitor. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Daluge, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 1590 (1994); Ammaranond, P., et al.: J. Clin. Virol., 26, 153 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A Levamisole derivative<br>References Lewis, J., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 31, 185 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Docosanoyl Ethanolamide is saturated N-acylethanolamide.<br></p>

<p>Applications A D2/D4-Dopamine receptor antagonist. A serotonergic receptor antagonist. A dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic agent.<br>References Shen, Y., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 18200 (1993), Fiorella, D., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 121, 347 (1995), Glusa, E., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 130, 692 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxynaphthoquinone derivative that inhibits mitochondrial electron transport. Antipneumocystic.<br>References Hudson, A.T., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 17, 427 (1991), Fry, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 43, 1545 (1992), El-Sadr, W.M., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 339, 1889 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc Gatifloxacin is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Gatifloxacin N-Oxide (G250005), which is an impurity of Gatifloxacin (G250000), an antibacterial agent.<br>References Bauernfeind, A.: J. Antimicro. Chemother., 40, 639 (1997), Fukuda, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 1917 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Docosatetraenoyl Ethanolamide-d4 is the labelled analogue of (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenamide (H943240), which is an endocannabinoid and an analog of anandamide, which is an endogenous cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptor agonist.<br>References Donovan, J. and Grundy D. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 23, 567 (2011); Walter, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 277, 20869 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan is an intermediate used to prepare tertiary sulfonamides as liver X receptor antagonists. It is also used to synthesize hydantoin based inhibitors of MMP13 with potential use in osteoarthritis.<br>References Zuercher, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3412 (2010); De Savi, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 4705 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lomefloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. Lomefloxacin is a DNA gyrase antagonist.<br>References Hirose, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 854 (1987), Sanzgiri, Y.D.. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip. 23, 321 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. Inhibits estrogen biosynthesis. A steroid ligand for the cytosol androgen receptor (AR) of rat prostate.<br>References Ojasoo, T. et al.; J. Steroid Biochem. 27, 255 (1987); Schwarzel, W. et al.; Endrocrinology 92, 866 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[4-(4-Methyloxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenylamine, is an intermediate for the synthesis of Itraconazole (I937500), an Antifungal.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(2-Fluorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic Acid is used as a reactant in the preparation of substituted azoles as hepatitis C virus inhibitors.<br>References Hewawasam, P., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 546 pp. (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Jacaric Acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid first isolated from seeds of Jacaranda plants.<br></p>

<p>Applications The 2-epi-enantiomer analogue of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000) evaluated against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells.<br>References Jeong, L.S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 2627 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).<br>References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloic Acid is the β-lactamase cleavage product/metabolite of antibiotic Penicillin G (P223400).<br>References Dryjanski, M., Pratt, R.: Biochem., 34, 3561 (1995); Ho, H., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 25 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Ethyl-d3) Isonicotinamide is an intermediate in the synthesis of Ethionamide-d3 (E890422), a labelled antibacterial (tuberculostatic) agent.<br>References Banerjee, A., et al.: Science, 263, 227 (1994), Newton, G., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 178, 1990 (1996), Baulard, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28326 (2000), Koledin, T., et al.: Arch. Microbiol., 178, 331 (2002), Cardoso, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 3373 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulforaphene is an extract from the seeds of Raphanus sativus and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.<br>References Kim, K. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 151, 503 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylphenyl Diethylcarbamate is an intermediate in the synthesis of o-Cresol (C781910), which is a compound used as a disinfectant and have also been used as antiseptic in surgery.<br>References Razavi, S.M., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 26, 2148 (2012); Asadollahi-B. M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 826 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Demeton-S (D231360).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Szeto, S.Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 1082 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyrethrin 1-d6(E/Z mixture) is the labeled analogue of Pyrethrin 1 (P991245), a pesticide residue that has been found in baby food.<br>References Luz Gomez-Perez, M., et. al.: Talanta, 131, 1 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used for the preparation of heterocyclic sulfonamide compounds as Edg-1 antagonists useful in the treatment of cancer.<br></p>

<p>Applications alpha-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid containing a-linolenic acid.<br>References Hanus, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3032-3034 (1993)<br></p>