Toxicology

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors<br>References Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5843 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled epimer of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (M203560). Progesterone impurity.<br>References Tang, M., et al.: Endocrinol., 151, 1320 (2010), Lee, K., et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 319, 109 (2010), Rodgers, A., et al.: Chem., Res. Toxicol., 23, 724 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the preparation of labeled cocaine analogs.<br>References Carroll, F.I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 2497 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the synthesis of a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.<br>References Kambara, T. et al.; J. Org. Chem. 64, 9282 (1999); Wu, G. et al.; J. Org. Chem. 62, 6412 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4,4-Trimethoxybutanoic Acid Methyl Ester is an substituent in the synthesis of Methyl Prednisolone (M325934).<br>References Ueno, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 2468 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Quinoxalinecarboxylic Acid is an intermediate used in the production of antiprotozoal agents.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 568 (2009), Lyne, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 1026 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications O-Benzyl Ganciclovir N-Formyl Diacetate Dimer is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Valganciclovir N3,N3'-Methylene Dimer (&gt;90%) (V092015), which is an impurity of Valganciclovir (V092000), a pro-drug of Ganciclovir (G235000) . Used in treatment of retro-virus.<br>References Acosta, E., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 81, 867 (2007), Nassetta, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 862 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications ((2R,4S)-2-(Chloromethyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal.<br>References Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Azilsartan (A926900). An analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs containing angiotensin II antagonists.<br>References Kohara, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 5228 (1996), Plomgaard, P., et al.: Diabetes, 54, 2939 (2005), Fenton, C., et al.: Drugs, 2005, 65, 537,<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds, as integrase inhibiting antiviral agents.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled, protected Cortisol metabolite.<br>References Derks, H., et al.: Steroids, 31, 9 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ethyl Alcohol, used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry , in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, R. et al.: Green Chem., 15, 1155 (2013); Zhao, D. et al.: Chem. Eng. J., 221, 99 (2013); Huang, C. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 61, 4326 (2013); Joichi, A. et al.: Aroma Res., 11, 256 (2010); Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970), Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ester [(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropyl)amino]-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of 2-epi-Darunavir (D193530), which is a stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral.<br>References Rao, R.N., et. al.: J. Sep. Sci., 35, 2671 (2012); Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003); Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005); Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity arising in the synthesis of Simvastatin.<br></p>

<p>Applications (1S,4R)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol (-)-Dibenzoyl-L-tartaric Acid is an intermediate in synthesizing ent-Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity A) (A105015), an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications Clindamycin Cyclomonophosphate is a by-product during the synthesis of Clindamycin Phosphatidyl Anhydride (C580110), an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000), which is an antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin (L466200), used to treat various infections.<br>References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970); Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970); Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972); Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl ether broad spectrum herbicide (1). Oxyfluorfen is a pre- and post-emergent control broad leaf and grassy weeds in field crops (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Yih, R. et al.: J Agric Food Chem. 1975 May-Jun;23(3):592-3.2. Fernandez, P. et al.: Pest. Manag. Sci. 2016 Jul 22. doi: 10.1002/ps.4368.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b:5,6-b']dipyridine is used in analytical studies for the presence and formation of dioxin-like compounds in heat-treated chlorpyrifos herbicide, a potential precursor of pyridine analog of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-p-dioxin (T291370).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sakiyaama, T., et al.: Organohalogen Compounds, 73, 146 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 20β-Dihydrocortisol 21-Acetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 20β-Dihydrocortisol (D448740), which could be used as a potential non invasive diagnostic test of transmissible spongiform encephalopaties. 20β-Dihydrocortisol is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Schelcher, F., et. al.: Endocrinology, 140, 2422 (1999); Phillipov, G., et. al.: J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 81, 3855 (1996); Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008); Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009); Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009); Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-isopropylaniline is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is a metabolite of phenylurea herbicide isoproturon. It was used in the hydroamination of phenylacetylene.<br>References Peeters, A., et al.: Audio, Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on, 47, 4114 (2011); Sørensen, S., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 59, 1118 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Benzyloxy-2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dolutegravir (D528800), a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cyanazine (C953500). Selective pre-emergence herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Crayford, J.V., et al.: Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2, 295 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid-13C,d3 is an intermediate in synthesizing Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride-13CD3 (M745003), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997); Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).<br>References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992), Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-(5,6-Dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone O-Methyloxime-d4 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Fluoxastrobin-d4 (F596702), which is labelled Fluoxastrobin (F596700). Leaf-systemic broad-spectrum fungicide for use in cereal and food crops; member of methoxy-imiodihydro-dioxazines. Agricultural fungicide.<br>References Milus, E., et al.: Plant Dis., 78, 697 (1994), D'Mello, J., et al.: Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 104, 745 (1998), Domijan, A., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 22, 677 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetophenone-13C8 is an intermediate in synthesizing Mandelic Acid-13C8 (M162523). It is a C13 labelled Mandelic Acid which is used as an antiseptic (urinary). It is also used as a short-term exposure biomarker in urine from styrene exposed workers.<br>References Pessela, B., et al.: Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40, 310 (2007); Carrasco-Lopez, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 4365 (2009); Fustinoni, S., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 192, 40 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is used in the preparation of alkoxyquinolone antibacterial agents. Also an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Sanchez, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4478 (1995); Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications A coordination compound for treatment of cervix cancer.<br>References Jiang, M., et al.: Methods Mol. Biol., 292, 401 (2005), Fujii, T., et al.: Int. J. Oncol., 29, 541 (2006), Niu, X., et al.: Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 16, 743 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,​7-​Dichloro-​1,​4-​dihydro-​4-​oxo-​3-​quinolinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is an intermediate in synthesizing 6-Chloro-6-defluoro Ciprofloxacin (C368035). It is an impurity of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), which is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Simvastatin t-Butyldimethylsilyl Acyl-β-D-glucuronide-O-acrylate is an intermediate in synthesizing Simvastatin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide (S485005), a metabolite of Simvastatin.<br>References Billecke, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1335 (2000); Draganov, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 33435 (2000); Igel, M., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57, 357 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,7-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazinone is an intermediate in the synthesis of DIMBOA which acts as an antifungal and antialgal agent in crops. The benzoxazinone group within the structure allows for these effects.<br>References Macias, F. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 53, 538 (2005); Macias, F. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 54, 1040 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled related drug of Clenbuterol (C569998), a β-agonist which can be used as a growth promoter in farm animals.<br>References Mosbach, K., et al.: Biotechnology, 14, 163 (1996), Rashid, B., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 21, 635 (1999), Brambilla, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 114, 47 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-trans-Chrysanthemic Acid is an related compound of natural and synthetic insecticides such as pyrethroids. Chrysanthemic acid is also found naturally occurring in seeds of Chrysanthemum.<br>References Suzuki, Y., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 59, 10182 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Thiothiamine, an impurity of Thiamine (T344185). Thiothiamine inhibits the activity of glutamate decarboxylase and decreases the concentration of GABA in brain tissue. Thiamine Impurity A;<br>References Koval'chuk, V.G. et al.: Tezisy Dokl.- Konf. Beloruss. Biokhim. O-va., 2, 135 (1974); Ostrovskii, Y. et al.: Biokhimiya, 34, 488 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5H-Pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-D3 Boron Derivative is an intermediate in the synthesis of (R)-Ofloxacin-d3 (O245742), which is a labelled fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. An enantiomer of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Hwangbo, H.J. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmac. Sci., 18, 197 (203); Gascon, A.R. et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol, 40, 869 (2000); Monk, J.P., et al.: Drugs, 33, 346 (1987); Drlica, K., Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2, 504 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,8-Difluoro-1,4-dihydro-1-(N-methylformamido)-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid-d8 Ethyl Ester is an isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of Marbofloxacin (M197000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial agent.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977), Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,6-Difluorobenzoic Acid is a fluorinated benzoic acid (FBA) that can be used as a chemical water tracer in oil field applications.<br>References Serres-Piole, C., et al.: Energ. Fuel., 25, 4488 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Coproporphyrin I Tetramethyl Ester is a methyl ester derivative of Coproporphyrin I (C685400). Coproporphyrin I Tetramethyl Ester is a nutritional requirement for the development of N. brasiliensis egg to third stage larvae. Coproporphyrin I Tetramethyl Ester is a tetrapyrrole compound excreted by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Lida, K. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 55, 1067 (2007); Bolla, R. et al.: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B, 48, 147 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected 17β-Estradiol.<br></p>

<p>Applications Phthalamic Acid is a reactant in the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives with analgesic activity.<br>References Gajare, S.P., Mahajan, S.S.: Int. J. Pharmaceut. Phytopharmacol. Res., 1, 357 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin-13C,D3 N-Allyloxycarbonate 3’-Ethyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of isotope labelled fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br></p>

<p>Applications Clindamycin B (C580040) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropyl)[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamic Acid (3R,3aS,6aR)-Hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of 1-epi-Darvunavir (D193505), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor.<br>References Surleraux, D.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-(1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-1-hydroxy-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl Ester 3-[4-(Acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid (F308985). 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)ethanone-d3 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Isotope labelled Triclosan which is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of the metabolites of Nitazoxanide (N490100), an anthelmintic (cestodes), antiprotozoal (cryptosporidium) agent.<br>References Honma, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 24, 394 (1976), Dubreuil, L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 2266 (1996), Stockis, A., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 34, 349 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Digoxin-4’’’-O-tetra-O-acetyl β-D-Glucopyranoside is an intermediate in the synthesis of Digoxigenin Tetradigitoxoside (D446510), which is a digoxin (Dx) (D446575) impurity.<br>References Fujii, Y., et al.: Clin. Chem., 37, 476 (1991), Salphati, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 171 (1999), Song, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 689 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications rac-Naproxen Methyl Ester-13C,d3 is an Labelled Naproxen (N377525) intermediate, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluazifop-methyl is an intermediate in the synthesis of (±)-Fluazifop (F407430). (±)-Fluazifop is a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase in sensitive plant species.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Walker, K.A., et. al.: Biochem. J., 254, 307 (1988); Hajslova, J., et. al.: J. Chrom., 438, 55 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,6-Dichloronicotinyl Chloride is a reactant used in the preparation of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and inhibitors of hepatitis C (HCV) NS5B polymerase.<br>References Uttekar, M. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 368 (2012); Reddy, T. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 3341 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropyl)[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester is an impurity of Darunavir (D193500), a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor that is used to treat patients with drug-resistant HIV.<br>References Babu, K., et al.: Pharm. Chem., 3, 389 (2011); Back, D., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 13, 1 (2007); Ghosh, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 7576 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tiglylcarnitine-d3 is labelled Tiglylcarnitine (T793780), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Tiglylcarnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Adams, S., et al.: J. Nutrition, 139, 1073 (2009); Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxyestradiol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide derivative of 4-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol (H941895); a metabolite of Estradiol (E888000) which is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.<br>References Bucala, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 60, 841 (1985); Telang, N., et al.: Anticancer Res., et al.: 11, 1021 (1991); Seeger, H., et al.: Med. Sci. Res., 26, 481 (1998); Bolton, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 135 (2000); Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986); Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Oleate can be used as a plasticizer. It is one of the biodiesel constituent fluids.<br>References Ben Amara, A., et al.: Energ. Fuel, 27, 6125 (2013); Arca, M., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 89, 987 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexachloropropanone is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is a reagent used for the conversion of nucleoside-3′-phosphonates to the corresponding phosphates and for the polymerization of vinyl compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Garegg, P., et al.: J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 6, 1269 (1972); Deming, T., et al.: 26, 7089 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Nitropyrene-d9 is a labelled isotope of 1-Nitropyrene (N519950), which is the most abundant nitropolycylcic aromatic hydrocarbon found in exhaust from diesel engines with potent carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It is also an intermediate in synthesizing 1-Aminopyrene-d9 (A629287), which is derived from Pyrene-d10 (P849002), which is labelled Pyrene. Occurs in coal tar. Also obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of hard coal.<br>References Arce, R., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. A., 112, 10294 (2008); Winterstein, et al.: Z. Physiol. Chem., 230, 162 (1934);<br></p>

<p>Applications 17β-Estradiol (E888000) metabolite. An inhibitor of androstenedione aromatization, which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Agonistic ligands for the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.<br>References Numazawa, M. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 51 (2005); Vollmer, G. et al.: J. Seroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 39, 359 (1991); Brueggemeier, R. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 21, 709 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-D-(3,4,5-O-Triacetyl)glucuronide is an intermediate for the synthesis of Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide (G305755), which is the pure form of Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide (contains up to 15% α isomer) (G305760), and it is the major metabolite of Gemfibrozil. Gemfibrozil is a serum lipid regulating agent used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic.<br>References Kissebach, A.H., et al.: Atherosclerosis, 24, 199 (1976); Lewis, J.E., et al.: Pract. Cardiol., 9, 99 (1983); Rubins, H.B., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 410 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) Rosuvastatin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide Allyl Ester is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 7β-Estradiol (E888000) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,6-Trifluorobenzonitrile-15N is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis[2-(2-mercaptobenzoyl)hydrazide] 2,2'-Dithiobis-benzoic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of N,N’-Bis(2-mercaptobenzoyl)hydrazide (B481825), which is a selective inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Has no other effect on other retroviral targets, including reverse transcriptase, protease, and virus attachement, and exhibits no detectable activity against human topoisomerases I and II at concentrations that effectively inhibit integrase.<br>References Neamati, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5661 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acifluorfen is an herbicide against broadleaf weeds. An environmental toxin relating to in vivo toxicity of nitroaromatics.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gooch, A. et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 36, 2227 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[[P(S),2'R]-2'-deoxy-3'-O-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]-2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-P-phenyl-5'-uridylyl]-L-alanine 1-Methylethyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate (S675615), which is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Methyl Ester is a biogenic amine metabolite. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Methyl Ester is used in the preparation of antioxidants and bacteriostatic agents. It is used in the synthesis of noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists as benzodiazepines, as well as optically active quinolones with dopaminergic properties.<br>References Verhe, R. et al.: Bull. Lais. Gr. Polyphen., 16, 237 (1992); Anggard, E. et al.: J. Chrom., 50, 251 (1970); Cabedo, N. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1794 (2001); Zappala, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 167 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-O-Benzyl 3-Hydroxybenzyl-stearoylcarnitine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Hydroxystearoylcarnitine Hydrochloride (H953630), which is found in overweight patients.<br>References Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R., et. al.: J. Int. Society Sports Nutrition, 9, 22, (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture, Temperature Sensitive - Seal Tightly, Store in Freezer, Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3,3-Dibromo Cotinine is a Cotinine derivative used in the synthesis of 4,4-Ditritio-(+)-nicotine, a nicotine enantiomer binding to brain.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Bromo-2,5-dichlorophenol is a building block that has been used as a reactant in the preparation of phenoxy-nicotinamides with bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5) inhibiotory activity.<br>References Martin, R.E., et. al.: ChemMedChem, 8, 569 (2013)<br></p>