Toxicology

<p>Applications Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative with anti-emetic activity that is useful in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kuntzman, R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 158, 332 (1967), Walker, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 4, 301 (1996), Dumasia, M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 32, 795 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications di(2-Hydroxy Atorvastatin) Calcium Salt is a metabolite of Atorvastatin Calcium Salt (A791750), a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996); Whitfield, L.R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25, 97 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclofenil is a weak nonsteroidal estrogen with ovulation induction properties. Mammalian hormone.<br>References Miquel, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 774 (1963),<br></p>

<p>Applications Perindoprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and antihypertensive.<br>References Pascard, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 663 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications A synthetic adrenocorticosteroid that acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic agents. It is used as a topical for the treatment of dermatologic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.<br>References Mason, J. et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 146, 351 (2002); Sears, H.W. et al.: Clin. Therap., 19, 710 (1997); Otomo, Y.Z. et al.: Nip. Yakur. Zas., 78, 647 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used as an antihypertensive.This compound is very unstable in solution and will hydrolyze readily to give benazapril.<br></p>

<p>Applications Pravastatin impurity.<br>References Muramatsu, S., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 1199 (1997), Serajuddin, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 696 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bisoprolol EP Impurity L (Metoprolol EP Impurity C)<br>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications 4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]benzaldehyde (Bisoprolol EP Impurity L (Metoprolol EP Impurity C)) is a Metoprolol impurity .<br>References Baldwin, J.J. , et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1065 (1986), Ravelet, C., et al.: J. Sep. Sci., 29, 1322 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Vitamin A (R252000(M)).<br>References Touma, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 78, 1127 (2009), Muniz, A., et al.: Biochem., 48, 6854 (2009), Guignard, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 18759 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Triamcinolone acetonide.<br>References Edsbacker, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 11, 590 (1983), Szefler, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 323 (1986), Hansel, T., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 145, 105 (1991), Argenti, D., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 695 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amlodipine EP Impurity F / Amlodipine USP Related Compound F<br>Applications Amlodipine Besilate (A633500) impurity. Amlodipine EP Impurity F<br>References Coburn, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 31, 2103 (1988), Gupta, S., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 38, 867 (2003), Vazzana, I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 334 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.<br>References Parmentier, G. , et al.: Steroids, 30, 583 (1977), Tserng, K.Y., et al.: Lipids, 13, 479 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ouabain (O714500). A cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. It regulates transcription of MDR (increase, Pgp) and MRP (increase MRP1 and decrease CFTR, cyctic fibrosis transport receptor or cAMP-activated Cl- channel) genes, also alters localization of MRP1.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Padilha, A.S. et al.: Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 35, 801 (2008); Blaustein, M.P. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 691 (1998); van Huysse, J.W. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 657 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications The major metabolite of herbicidal Glufosinate (G596950).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Propofol EP Impurity E; Propofol USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Dipropofol (Propofol EP Impurity E) is a dimeric derivative of Propofol (P829750). Dipropofol is an antibacterial agent with strong activity againts Gram-positive bacteria. Dipropofol also displays antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Propofol USP Related Compound A.<br>References Ogata, M. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 53, 344 (2005); Ogata, M. et al.: Biol. Pharmac. Bull., 30, 1565 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nonpeptide endothelin ETA receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive.<br>References Riechers, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 2123 (1996), Billman, G.E., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 1483 (2002), Vatter, H., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 26, 73 (2003),<br></p>

<p>(1α)-17-(Acetyloxy)-6-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)-pregna-4,6-<br>diene-3,20-dione; 6-Chloro-1α-(chloromethyl)-17-<br>hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione Acetate; Cyproterone<br>Acetate EP Impurity C</p>

<p>Impurity Tranexamic EP Impurity A<br>Applications Tranexamic Acid Dimer (Tranexamic EP Impurity A) is a Tranexamic Acid (T714505) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Cortisol (H714615).<br>References Quinkler, M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 2384 (2003), Draper, N., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 186, 251 (2005), Kotlowska, A., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 448 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Indole-3-acetic acid in plants.<br>References Barratt, N., et al.: Physiol. Plant, 105, 207 (1999), Jackson, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 4350 (2001), Staswick, P., et al.: Plant Cell, 17, 616 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications The 5-hydroxy analogue of the bronchodilator, Albuterol (A514500).<br></p>

<p>Applications Tenivastatin Calcium is derived from Simvastatin (S485000), which is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.<br>References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Desogestrel.<br>References Back, D., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 23 (1988), Wienkers, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 1990, 24, 610 (1990), Bourrie, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 321 (1996), Ono, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 681 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone (M343975).<br>References Ringler, I., et al.: Metabolism, 13, 37 (1964), Gagne, D., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 25, 315 (1986), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Hild, S., et al.: Hum. Reprod., 15, 822 (2000), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 5α-Androst-16-en-3β-ol<br>References Gower, D., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 63, 81 (1997), Zorko, M., et al.: Steroids, 65, 46 (2000), Diel, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 169, 64 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cetrimonium Chloride, is a topical antiseptic. It is also used in hair conditioners and shampoos, as a conditioning agent<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zahang, M. et al.: Zoazhi Huaxueoin, 24, 13 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications An anticonvulsant, hypnotic. A metabolite of Mephenytoin.<br>References Knabe, J., et al.: Arch. Phar., 313, 538 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An isotopically Labelled analog of retinoic acid. Physiological metabolite of vitamin A. Effects gene expression via nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR); mediates cellular growth and differentiation.A representative lot contains 11% d4, no d0 or d1 present.<br>References Kamm, J.J., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 6, 652 (1982), Warrel, R.P., et al.: Leukemia, 8, 929 (1994), Sasai, Y., et al.: J. Neurol., 249, 41 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications o-Isopropoxyphenol is used in the synthesis of α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist activity of tamsulosin analogues. Also used in the preparation of 5-HT1A receptor agonists.<br>References Sagratini, G. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 5800 (2010); Franchini, S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2017 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications DEET is an Insect repellent.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Gilbert, I.H., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 48, 741 (1955), Ambrose, A.M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1, 97 (1959), Blomquist, L., Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 41, 235 (1977), Yeung, J.M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 16, 600 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene, is a metabolite of pentachloronitrobenzene (P237990), used as fungicide, and pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Renner, G., et al.: Appl. Envi. Miroc., 46, 465 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid, an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. Stoloniferum and related spp. A selective inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides.<br>References Senda, M., et al.: Transplantation, 60, 1143 (1995), Nimmesgern, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19421 (1996), Gummert, J.F., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 291, 1100 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Astemizole. Nonsedating-type histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Potential for combination therapy with antivancer drugs such as doxorubicin in resistant leukemia. Antihistaminic.<br>References Wauquier, A., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 72, 245 (1981), Laduron, P.M., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 21, 294 (1982), Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 28, 38 (1984), Al-Obaid, A.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 20, 173 (1991), Ishikawa, M., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 23, 112 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dicofol-D8 is the deuterated analogue of Dicofol (D436700), which is an organochlorine pesticide. Dicofol is a non-systemic acaricide/miticide registered in the US and Canada for use on a wide variety of crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhang, X., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 11553 (2010); Kamata, R., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29, 2316 (2010); Kolberg, D., et al.: Food Chem., 125, 1436 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxypropoxy-Propoxycarbazone is a hydroxylated metabolite of Propoxycarbazone (P831308).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Vargas-Pere, M., et al.; Food Chemistry., 274, 429-433 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications Oseltamivir Namino-fructosyl Conjugate is derived from Oseltamivir Phosphate (O701000), which is an orally active inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase; converted in vivo to the active acid metabolite. An antiviral drug. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Oliyai, R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 15, 1300 (1998), Kim, C.U., et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 8, 392 (1998), Hayden, F.G., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 1336 (1999), Treanor, J.J., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, 1016 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Carboxyformamido Metazachlor Benzoic Acid is a metabolite of Metazachlor (M225855) which is a chloroacetanilide herbicide used on vegetable crops.<br>References Hollender, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7862 (2009); Dresen, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2425 (2010); Liu, B., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2673 (2010);<br></p>