Toxicology

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Caffeine.<br>References Suto, M., et al.: Anticancer Drug Des., 6, 107 (1991), Burkart, V., et al.: Nat. Med., 5, 314 (1999), Hassa, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 45145 2003), Veres, B., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 310, 247(2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Diltiazem (D460620). A calcium channel blocher with vasodilating activity. Antianginal; antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class IV).<br>References Sato, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1338 (1971), Smirnov, S.R.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 360, 81 (1998), Hansson, L., et al.: Lancet, 356, 359 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbimazole, a prodrug of Methimazole (M260300), is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.<br>References Marchant, B., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1187 (1977), Johnsson, E., et al.: Lancet, 350, 1520 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Varenicline. Metabolite M5.<br>References Dow, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 22, 738 (1994), Toide, K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 1269 (2004), Coe, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 3474 (2005), Doll, R., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 92, 426 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinethazone is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension.<br>References DeLuca, F.M.: Sett. Med., 54, 747 (1966); Dettli, L. et al.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 139, 471 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Pilocarpine Hydrochloride EP Impurity B<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Pilocarpic Acid Sodium Salt is an imidazole derivative used in the preparation of novel sequentially labile pilocarpine prodrugs for improved ocular delivery.<br>References Bungaard, H. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 28, 978 (1985); Jarvinen, T.e t al.: Int. J. Pharmac., 79, 233 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications This is a controlled substance (depressant). Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications Velpatasvir is a NS5A inhibitor in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) infection.<br>References Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016); Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium Salt of Ampicillin, an orally active, semi-synthetic antibiotic; structurally related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Ivashkiv, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 1 (1973), Campoli-Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 33, 577 (1987), Sill, M. L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 1551 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sipoglitazar is a novel antidiabetic agent. Sipoglitazar displays triple agonistic activities on the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, hPPAR-γ, -α, and -δ.<br>References Nishihara, M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 40, 249 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of imidazole antifungal agents.<br>References Albet, C. et al.; J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 10, 205 (1992); Raga, M. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 21, 329 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac Indapamide-N-sulfonamido-β-D-glucuronide_x000D__x000D_(Mixture of Diastereomers) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Triethylamine Trihydrofluoride is used in the synthesis of modified siRNA’s in vivo used to inhibit hepatitis B replication (1). Used in RNA synthesis in the removal of t-butyldimethylsilyl protection (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Marimani M. et al.: Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Oct 15;21(20):6145-55. 2. Westman, E. et al.: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2430-1<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.<br>References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648 (1998), Kashiwada, et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 183 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amphotericin B Methyl Ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B Methyl Esterin is a cholesterol binding compound that showed inhibiton of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).<br>References Waheed, A.A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006); Waheed, A. et al.: J. Virol., 82, 9776 (2008); Waheed, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Levofloxacin Ethyl Ester (Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C) is an impurity of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Lalitha Devi, M. et al.: J. Pharrm. Biomed. ANal., 50, 710 (2009); Mehta, J. et al.: Int. J. PharmTech Res., 2, 1932 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications A third generation cephalosporin antibiotic with strong antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis that were 3 major aerobic bacteria from sinusitis.<br>References Yakota, N. et al.: Jpn. J. Antibiot., 48, 602 (1995); Fukuda, M. et al.: Jpn. J. Ophthamol., 46, 384 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ombitasvir is a pharmaceutical drug that is used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.<br>References Feld, J.J., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 370, 1594 (2014); Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Episterol is a compound influencing ergosterol biosynthesis, and thus acting as an antifungal agent.<br>References Mallory, J. et al.: Pharmacol., 3, 179 (2012); Mueller, C. et al.: Steroids, 78, 483 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ketoconazole EP Impurity D<br>Applications Deacetyl Ketoconazole (Ketoconazole EP Impurity D) is a Ketoconazole derivative.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Mangiferin is a xanthonoid, a chemical compound found in mangoes and in Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes. Mangiferin has effect of hepatinica and choleretic, and is used to therapy hepatitis. Mangiferin is an anti-inflammatory, antivirotic, central nervous system inhibit function and immunologic suppression. Mangiferin has curative effect on chronic bronchitis. Mangiferin has cytotoxicity effect on hepatocellularcarcinoma ce1l, and may induce apoptosis. Mangiferin has the effect of antioxidation and delaying caducity.<br>References Tawab, M., et al.; Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 1065 (2003), Yim, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 1580 (2004), Kim, Y., et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18, 1109 (2008), Joh, E., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 82, 278 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Erythromycin A is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic medication.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-(+)-2-Amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol is used as a reagent to synthesize beta-amino alcohols, compounds that are used as therapeutic agents to treat heart disease. (R)-(+)-2-Amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol is also used as a reagent to synthesize 15-membered macrolide antibiotics, drugs that are used to treat respiratory tract infections.<br>References Fisher, G., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 60, 2026 (1995); Metro, T., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 72, 6556 (2007); Sugimoto, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 5787 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin Related Compound O<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Ethyl is an analogue of Azithromycin (A927000), an semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that is related to Erythromycin (E649950).<br>References Bright, G.M., et al.: J. Antibio., 41, 1029 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications ∆2-Ceftazidime, 90% (Ceftazidime EP Impurity A) is a Ceftazidime isomer, an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100).<br>References Vilanova, B., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2789 (1993), Zhou, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 534 (1995), Baertschi, S., et al.: Chemother. 8, 353 (1997), Porra, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 18, 241 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-3-pyridinesulfonamide is a building block that has been used as a reactant for the preparation of heterocyclic 4-substituted pyridine-3-sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of four isoforms of zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase.<br>References Slawinski, J., et. al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 69, 701 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Omeprazole metabolites.<br>References Hoffmann, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 14, 341 (1986), Andersson, T., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 521 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rifabutin N-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifabutin (R505000) and like its parent compound it exhibits antibacterial activity.<br>References Medeiros, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 44, (2004); Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br></p>

<p>Applications Clindamycin Palmitate is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with high bioavailability. Clindamycin Palmitate is an antibacterial.<br>References Platzer, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 84 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5,6-Dihydroyangonin is a derivative of Yangonin (Y100550), a lactone isolated from the Kava plant (Piper methysticum). 5,6-Dihydroyangonin was shown to exhibit potential antibacterial and antifungal activities.<br>References Keledjian, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 77, 1003 (1988), Clouatre, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 150, 85 (2004), Mathews, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1555 (2005), Clayton, N., et al.: Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 58, 223 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid is used in the synthesis of diaryl ether inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii enoyl reductase. Also used in the synthesis of 4-carboxamide derivatives acting as antifungal agents.<br>References Cheng, G. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 2035 (2013); Wu, Z. et al.: Molecules, 17, 14205 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Sofosbuvir Metabolite GS331007<br>Applications RO 2433 is the deaminated metabolite of β-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine, an effective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro.<br>References Asif, G., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 51, 2877 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Efavirenz Pen-3-ene-1-yne is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications (3aR,4R,6S,6aS)-4-[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-3-(1-ethylpropyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopent[d]isoxazole-6-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of peramivir (P285500), a neuraminidase inhibitor developed as an antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza.<br>References Hansen, T., et al.: Europ. J. Med. Chem., 58, 22 (2012);<br></p>