Toxicology

Applications Difenacoum is a 4-hydroxycouramin derivative. Difenacoum is a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide used against rodent pests such as rats and mice.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hadler, M.R. et al.: J. Hygiene, 74, 441 (1975); Rehman, A.B. et al.: J. Pharm., 1, 1 (1982); Quy, R.J. et al.: Crop Prot., 11, 14 (1992);

Applications Fosthiazate is a pesticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lehotay, S., et al.: J. AOAC Int., 88, 595 (2005); Hiemstra, M., et al.: J. Chromat. A, 1154, 3 (2007)

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications An isotopically Labelled analog of retinoic acid. Physiological metabolite of vitamin A. Effects gene expression via nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR); mediates cellular growth and differentiation.A representative lot contains 11% d4, no d0 or d1 present.
References Kamm, J.J., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 6, 652 (1982), Warrel, R.P., et al.: Leukemia, 8, 929 (1994), Sasai, Y., et al.: J. Neurol., 249, 41 (2002),

Applications Isotope labelled Digitoxin (D445950), is used as a cardiotonic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Foerster, et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 159, 1 (1966), Jakovljevic, I.M., Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 149 (1974)

Applications Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor. Antifungal.
References Fung-Tomc., J.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 313 (1988), Tsuruoka, A., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 46, 623 (1998), Gupta, A.K., et al.: J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 19, 437 (2005),

Applications Colestilan, is a copolymer of 2-methyl-1H-imidazole and epichlorohydrin, and a bile acid sequestrans, that can be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.
References Handelsman, Y., et al.: Diabetes Care, 34, S244 (2011);

Applications Potent, selective inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes with anticarcinogenic properties. Occurs naturally in broccoli. It was found to inhibit chemically induced mammary tumor formation in rats. Antitumor agent.
References Zhang, Y., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 2399 (1992), Shikita, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 341, 725 (1999), Wittich, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 3296 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 224, 171 (2005),

Applications Bendiocarb is a benzodioxolyl carbamate derivative. Bendiocarb is commonly used as an insecticide in agriculture against a wide range of pests and insects. Bendiocarb is one of the insecticides recommended by world health organization (WHO) for use in malaria control.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sadasivaiah, S. et al.: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 77, 249 (2007); Brooker, P. J. et al.: Pest. Sci., 3, 735 (1972);

Applications 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene, is a metabolite of pentachloronitrobenzene (P237990), used as fungicide, and pesticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Renner, G., et al.: Appl. Envi. Miroc., 46, 465 (1983);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A labelled metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid, an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. Stoloniferum and related spp. A selective inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides.
References Senda, M., et al.: Transplantation, 60, 1143 (1995), Nimmesgern, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19421 (1996), Gummert, J.F., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 291, 1100 (1999),

Applications Dolutegravir is a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. Dolutegravir is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection. Dolutegravir has been shown to potently inhibit HIV replication in cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), MT-4 cells and CIP4 cells infected with a self-inactivating PHIV lentiviral vector.
References Kobayashi, M. et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 55, 813 (2011); Garrido, C. et al.: Antiviral, Res., 90, 164 (2011); Lenz, J.C.C. et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 20, 537 (2011)

Applications Potassium channel blocker.
References Carmeliet, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 262, 809 (1992), Norgaard, B.L., et al.: Am. Heart J., 137, 1062 (1999), Torp-Pedersen, C., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 857 (1999)

Applications 2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine is a starting material for the preparation of novel herbicide fluazifop-butyi. 2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine is a mutagenic compound.
References Lu, Y., et al.: Shijie Nongyao, 31, 32 (2009); Dearfield, K. L., et al.: Mutat. Res. Lett., 301, 57 (1993)

Applications A metabolite of Fenthion (FEN).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Buratti, F., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 167, 245 (2006), Buratti, F., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 295 (2005), Buratti, F., et al.: Toxicology, 241, 33 (2007),

Applications A nonsteroidal, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Antiosteoporotic.Insoluble in water.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Jone, C.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 27, 1057 (1984), Buelke-Sam, J., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 12, 217 (1998),

Applications Mezlocillin Sodium is an antibacterial agent. Penicillin antibiotic effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
References Sanders, C. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 9, 15 (1982); Gasca, M. et al.: Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 44, 574 (1987);

Applications Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective serotonin 5-HTID receptor agonist and used to treat migraine (1,2,3). It is structurally derived from tryptamine.
References (1) Cheng, H., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 17, 17 (1996) (2) Su, M., et al.: Eur J Neurosci. 44, 2129 (2016)(3) Millson, D. S., et al.: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 1, 391 (2000)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine Sodium Salt is a novel metabolite of Butadiene monoepoxide (BMO), a mutagen and carcinogen compound.
References Cheng, X., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 121 (1993); Nieusma, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 450 (1997)

Applications Defluoro Linezolid is a defluorinated impurity of Linezolid (L466500).
References Kugelmann, E. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 54. 1047 (2011);

Applications 4-Hydroxyquinazoline shows anti-microbial and anti-carcinogenic activity as seen in studies due to the quinazoline moiety.
References Kavitha, H.P. et al.: J. Pharm. Res., 4, 4694 (2011); He, J. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 54, 925 (2012);

Applications Metolachlor is an acyanilide herbicide similar to selective pre-emergence herbicides (1). It is a contaminant in the groundwater and potential pollutant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
References 1. McGahen, L. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978 26 (2), pp 414–4192. Chesters, G. et al.: Rev. Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989;110:1-74.

Applications Carboxyformamido Metazachlor Benzoic Acid is a metabolite of Metazachlor (M225855) which is a chloroacetanilide herbicide used on vegetable crops.
References Hollender, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7862 (2009); Dresen, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2425 (2010); Liu, B., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2673 (2010);

Applications Diazoxon, is the oxidized form of Diazinon (D416880), an organophosphate insecticide. Diazoxon, is shown to be a more potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lazarevic-Pasti, T. D., et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 692 (2013); Pasti, T. L., J. Environ. Protect. Ecology, 12, 1168 (2011);

Applications Diclofenamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Diclofenamide may provide a therapeutic strategy in the inhibition of the human cytosolic isoforms I and II and transmembrane tumor-associated isoenzymes IX and XII. Diclofenamide has been shown to be is effective in the prevention of episodic weakness in both hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) and potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis (PSPP).
References Brzozowski, Z. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 46, 3656 (2010); Tawil, R. et al.: Ann. Neurol., 47, 46 (2000); Casey, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 2337 (2004);

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.
References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),

Applications Troglitazone is an an oral hypoglycemic agent which improves insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic glucose production. Antidiabetic.
References Ciaraldi, T.P., et al.: Metabolism, 39, 1056 (1990), Kuzuya, T., et al.: Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 11, 147 (1991), Kellerer, M., et al.: Diabetes, 43, 447 (1994),

Applications A labelled metabolite of Irinotecan
References Fujita, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2137 (2008), Sandanaraj, E., et al.: Pharmacogen. J., 8, 174 (2008), Chen, K., et al.: Chem. Biol., 15, 1277 (2008), Prijovich, Z., et al.: Mol. Canc. Ther., 8, 940 (2009),

Applications Analgesic; sedative; anesthetic.Controlled substance (opiate).
References DeRossi, R., et al.: Vet. J., 178, 294 (2008), Hoecker, J., et al.: Anesthesiol., 109, 95 (2008), Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009),

Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.
References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),

Applications Antineoplastic; non-selective steroidal aromatase inhibitor that prevents the conversion from androgen to estrogen. Used in in the treatment of familial male precocious puberty. An effective anti-tumor agent.
References Dunkel, L.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 254, 207 (2006); Eugster, E. A.: Treat. Endocrinol., 3, 141 (2004); Holbeck, S.L. et al.: Mol. Cancer Therap., 9, 1451 (2010);

Applications N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-trans-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine is a metabolite of Isoprene.
References Pecivova, P. et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 90, 1681 (2010); Hui, N. et al.: Meat Sci. Appl., 74 (2001); Kiviharju, K. et al.: J. Biotechnol., 117, 299 (2005);

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Fensulfothion Oxon Sulfone is a metabolite of the insecticide fensulfonthion (F265490), an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity.
References Solly, S.R.B., et al.: New. Zea. J. Agri. Res., 14, 88 (1971); Hansch, C., et al.: Biochem. Toxicol. Insectic. Proc., 33 (1970);

Applications Candesartan Cilexetil-d11 is the labeled analogue of Candesartan Cilexetil (C175580), is an ester prodrug; hydrolized in vivo to the active carboxylic acid. Used in treatment of congestive heart failure. Antihypertensive.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Shibouta, Y., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 114 (1993), Ogihara, T., et al.: Clin. Ther., 16, 74 (1994)

Applications 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is a powerful toxicant with a long history of use in agriculture as a herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Heusinkveld, H. J., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 252, 62 (2016), Bettiol, C., et al.: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 7398 (2016)

Applications JNJ 42041935 is a selective hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzyme inhibitor. It can potentially be used for the treatment of inflammation-induced anemia.
References Barrett, T., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 79, 910 (2011); Thirstrup, K., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 64, 268 (2011);

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Fosthietan is used as a nematicide, to protect soils and crops from nematodes.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Choudhari, K. & Koli, S.: Pesticides, 12, 29 (1978); King, P., et al.: Anim. Prod. Sci., 22, 209 (1982); Murthy, M., et al.: Pesticides, 19, 40 (1985)

Applications 2-Bromo-3-methylbutyrylurea is a hypnotic and sedative drug marketed over the counter in Asian under various brand names.
References Koenig, H., et al.: Clinc. Toxicol. Anal., 1, 367 (2009); Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Euro. J. Med. Chem., 46, 5736 (2011);

Applications Combined serotonin (5HT2) and dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist; structurally related to labelled Mianserin. Antipsychotic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Meltzer, H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 251, 238 (1989), Schotte, A., et al.: Brain Res., 631, 191 (1993), Andree, B., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 131, 339 (1997), Richelson, E., et al.: Life Sci., 68, 29 (2000),

Applications Sedative, hypnotic.Controlled substance (depressant).
References Lomen, P., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 4, 55 (1976), Allens, G.S., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 6, 343 (1978), Pakes, G.E., et al.: Drugs, 22, 81 (1981).

Applications Rasagiline is a selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor (1,2,3,4). Rasagiline is an Antiparkinsonian agent.
References (1) Rabey, J.M., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 23, 324 (2000) (2) Glezer, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 472, 173 (2003) (3) Youdim, M.B.H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 66, 1635 (2003) (4) Chen, J.J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 878 (2005)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Midostaurin was shown to possess antiproliferative characteristics via inhibition of protein kinase C, kinase insert domain receptor, and c-kit.
References Tahtouh, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 9312 (2012); Pedeboscq, S., et al.: PLoS. One., 7, 36811 (2012);

Applications Tritosulfuron-13C,d3 is isotopically labeled form of Tritosulfuron (T886903), which is a sulfonylurea herbicide found in in ground, surface and wastewater.
References Fenoll, J., et al.: Talanta, 101, 273 (2012); Huntscha, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1268, 74 (2012); Reemtsma, T., et al.: Water Res., 47, 5535 (2013);

Applications Fenpropidin-d10 is the labeled analogue of Fenpropidin (F249470), a fungicide.
References Leroux, P. Walker, A.: Eur. J. Plant Path., 135, 683 (2013); Zhao, H., et. al.: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 77, 52 (2012)