Toxicology

Stability Form Trimer in solution
Applications 2-Fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic Acid is a synthetic reagent used in the preparation of alkylene-bridged [(3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl) or (piperidinyl)(biphenyl-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl](tert-butoxy)acetic acid derivatives as HIV integrase inhibitors for treating HIV infection.
References Naidu, N., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2014), WO 2014028384 A1 20140220;

Applications α-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-acetonitrile is an impurity of Pyrimethamine (P997240), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; generally used in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Antiprotozoal (Toxoplasma); antimalarial.
References Loutfy, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 463 (1983); Leport, C., et al.: Am. J. Med., 84, 94 (1988); McIntosh, H.M., et al.: Ann. Trop. Med., Parasitol., 93, 265 (1998); Plowe, C.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 328, 545 (2004);

Applications Benzalkonium bromides are an important class of cationic surfactants. They are used as preservatives for ophthalmic, nasal and parenteral products and they are also used as a topical antiseptic and medical equipment disinfectant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Maitani, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 44, 403 (1996), Fang, J., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 178, 83 (1999), Iordanskii, A., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 49, 287 (2000), Powers, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 15504 (2005),

Applications Glutaurine Sodium Salt is the salt of Glutaurine (G597350) which has been observed to display antiepileptic effects with anti-amnesia properties. Mimics anxiolytic drug Diazepam (D416855).
References Bittner, S. et al.: Amino Acids., 28, 343 (2005); Uemura, S. et al.: Brain. res., 594, 347 (1992);

Impurity Fluconazole EP Impurity H
Applications 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-bromopropan-2-ol (Fluconazole EP Impurity H) is an impurity of the antifungal agent Fluconazole (F421000).
References Bourichi, H., et al.: STP Pharma Pratiques, 18, 285 (2008); Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985)

Applications Derivative of thyroxine. Antilipemic.
References Banz, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 97, 1942 (1979),

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of imidazole antifungal agents.
References Albet, C. et al.; J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 10, 205 (1992); Raga, M. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 21, 329 (1986)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications N-Desmethyl (E)-α-Hydroxy Tamoxifen is a N-demethylated, α-Hydroxyated metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).
References Poon, G.K. et al.: Drug Metab.Dispos. 23,377 (1995); Teunissen, S.F. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 55, 518 (2011); Muerdter, T.E. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 89, 708 (2011);

Applications Gypsogenic Acid, a triterpenoid saponin of the Caryophyllaceae family, is shown to be a promising antiplaque and anticaries agent.
References Boettger, S., et al.: Phytochemistry Lett., 4, 59 (2011); Cunha, L.C.S., et al.: Z. Naturforschung C.: J. Bioscience., 62, 668 (2007)

Applications Triethylamine Trihydrofluoride is used in the synthesis of modified siRNA’s in vivo used to inhibit hepatitis B replication (1). Used in RNA synthesis in the removal of t-butyldimethylsilyl protection (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Marimani M. et al.: Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Oct 15;21(20):6145-55. 2. Westman, E. et al.: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2430-1

Applications A novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.
References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648 (1998), Kashiwada, et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 183 (2001),

Applications Amphotericin B Methyl Ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B Methyl Esterin is a cholesterol binding compound that showed inhibiton of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
References Waheed, A.A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006); Waheed, A. et al.: J. Virol., 82, 9776 (2008); Waheed, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006)

Impurity Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C
Applications Levofloxacin Ethyl Ester (Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C) is an impurity of Levofloxacin (L360000).
References Lalitha Devi, M. et al.: J. Pharrm. Biomed. ANal., 50, 710 (2009); Mehta, J. et al.: Int. J. PharmTech Res., 2, 1932 (2010);

Applications An impurity of Trimethoprim (T795615) with inhibitory effects on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.
References Kompis, I. et al.: Enzyme Inhib. Proc. Meet., 177 (1980); Hess, S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 25, 531 (2001);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),

Applications Ombitasvir is a pharmaceutical drug that is used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.
References Feld, J.J., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 370, 1594 (2014); Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)

Applications Episterol is a compound influencing ergosterol biosynthesis, and thus acting as an antifungal agent.
References Mallory, J. et al.: Pharmacol., 3, 179 (2012); Mueller, C. et al.: Steroids, 78, 483 (2013);

Applications [[(1R)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methylethoxy]methyl]monophenylester is an antiviral agent and a Tenofovir (T018500) intermediate. Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used as an anti-HIV agent.
References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005); Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006); Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);

Applications N-Formyl Erythromycin A is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic medication.
References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),

Applications (R)-(+)-2-Amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol is used as a reagent to synthesize beta-amino alcohols, compounds that are used as therapeutic agents to treat heart disease. (R)-(+)-2-Amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol is also used as a reagent to synthesize 15-membered macrolide antibiotics, drugs that are used to treat respiratory tract infections.
References Fisher, G., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 60, 2026 (1995); Metro, T., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 72, 6556 (2007); Sugimoto, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 5787 (2012)

Impurity Salmeterol EP Impurity B
Applications A novel antibacterial analog of the antibacterial drug Sulfamethoxazole (S699086).

Impurity Azithromycin Related Compound O
Applications Azithromycin N-Ethyl is an analogue of Azithromycin (A927000), an semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that is related to Erythromycin (E649950).
References Bright, G.M., et al.: J. Antibio., 41, 1029 (1988);

Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity A
Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive
Applications ∆2-Ceftazidime, 90% (Ceftazidime EP Impurity A) is a Ceftazidime isomer, an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100).
References Vilanova, B., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2789 (1993), Zhou, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 534 (1995), Baertschi, S., et al.: Chemother. 8, 353 (1997), Porra, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 18, 241 (1998),

Applications 5-Chloro-2-furancarbonyl Fluticasone Furoate is a Fluticasone Furoate(F599510) raw material impurity which is a synthetic corticosteroid derived from fluticasone for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
References DeWester, J., et al.: Allergy Asthma Proc., 24, 331 (2003), Hughes, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 2337 (2008), Meltzer, E., et al.: Clin. Drug Investig., 29, 79 (2009),

Applications Erythromycin Lactobionate is an antibiotic used to reduce the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria as well as keeping constant the efficacy of other antibacterial drugs.
References Kiso, S. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 20, 2827 (2000); Broad, J. et al.: Brit. J. Pharm., 168,1859 (2013); Itoh, Z., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863(1984)

Applications PSI-6130 is an experimental treatment for hepatitis C. PSI-6130 is a member of a class of antiviral drugs known as nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. PSI-6130 inhibits the hepatitis C virus RNA dependant RNA polymerase called NS5B.
References Clark, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 5504 (2005); Stuyver, L., et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chem., 17, 79 (2006)

Impurity Pilocarpine Hydrochloride EP Impurity C
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Isopilocarpic Acid is a degradation product of Pilocarpine (P441500).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Szepesi, G. et al.: Pharmazie, 38, 94 (1983); Bundgaard, H. et al.: Int. J. Pharmac., 10, 281 (1982);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Anxiolytic. Controlled substance (depressant).
References Merlo, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 24, 1759 (1974), Carrara, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 335 (1978), Marcucci, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1470 (1978),

Stability Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications 2-O-Methyl-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic Acid is a model compound for studies of binding of influenza virus hemagglutinin and metal ions.
References Sauter, N.K., et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 8388 (1989), Sharon, N., et al.: Science, 246, 227 (1989), Nagy, J.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35 (23), (1992), Knibbs, R.N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268 (25), 18524 (1993)

Applications 4-(4-(4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl Acetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Deoxo Anhydro Itraconazole Bromide (D231675). Deoxo Anhydro Itraconazole Bromide is an impurity of Itraconazole (I937500), which is orally active antimycotic drug structurally related to Ketoconazole (K186000). Antifungal.
References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984); Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989); Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993)

Applications Prednienic Acid is a glucocorticoid steroid. It is used to synthesize various anti-inflammatory compounds such as macrolactonolides by conjugating Prednienic Acid with macrolides.
References Tomaskovic, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 321 (2013);

Applications An impurity of Isoniazid (I821450), which is an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. Intermediate used for the synthesis of analogs of antitumor agent 1-acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine.
References Brewer, G.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles. Drug. Subs., 6, 183 (1977), Weber, W.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 401 (1979); Rutner, H., et al.: Cancer. Chem. Rep., 58, 803 (1974)

Applications Acridine analog. DNA intercalating agent.
References Hansch, C. et al.: Compr. Med. Chem. 2, 703 (1990)

Applications N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).
References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloic Acid is the β-lactamase cleavage product/metabolite of antibiotic Penicillin G (P223400).
References Dryjanski, M., Pratt, R.: Biochem., 34, 3561 (1995); Ho, H., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 25 (2011);

Applications Terbinafine is used to treat infections caused by a fungus.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications A charged sulfhydryl reactive reagent.
References Karlin, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol. , 61, 175 (1971)