Toxicology

<p>Applications Ambroxol O-glucuronide is a metabolite of Ambroxol (A575900, HCl salt), a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.<br>References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is a reagent used to study acylcarnitine profile in thyroid disease.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 46, 180 (2013); Alu, F., et al.: Heredity, 110, 253 (2013); Adam, B., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 44, 1445 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone-2’,3’,4’,5’,6’-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone; a trihydroxy derivative of Benzophenone (B204980) which is a compound used in the manufacturing of antihistamines, hypnotics, and insecticides.<br>References Wallace, W., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 962 (2000); Hayashi, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 167, 1 (2006); Bechard, K., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 90, 310 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Sacubitril is an antihypertensive drug used in combination with Valsartan (V095750). The combination drug, valsartan/sacubitril, known during trials as LCZ696 and marketed under the brand name, Entresto, is a treatment for heart failure.<br>References McMurray, J., et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 371 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. 40-120 mg/day febuxostat was proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.<br>References Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993), Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003), Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005), Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl Serotonine O-Sulfate Ester Triethylammonium Salt, is used as a urinary biomarker in metablomics studues. Metabolite of serotonin (S274980), a monoamine neurotransmitter.<br>References Johnson, C. et al.: Rad. Res., 178, 328 (2012); Kuraishi, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2143 (2008); Morera, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 6806 (2009); Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications GW 501516 Sulfoxide is a urinary metabolite of GW1516, a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.<br>References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Deuterated, Memantine (M218000) which is used as an antiparkinsonian and antispasmodic.<br>References Rohde, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 100, 2023 (1982), Kornhuber, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 166, 589 (1989), Gortelmeyer, R. and Erbler, H.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 42, 904 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyphosate-13C is an isotopic analog of Glyphosate (G765000) which is used as a herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Davis, V., et al.: Weed Sci., 57, 494 (2009), Bellaloui, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 9050 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ancymidol is a growth retardant found in plants. It affects a gibberellin-induced growth response, most likely by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis.<br>References Shive Jr., J.B., Sisler, H.D., Plant Physiol., 57, 640-644 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate of Indapamide (I500100), as bactericide, disinfectant, and antiseptic.<br>References Kumar, P., et al.: Arch. Pharma., 316, 759 (1983), Rival, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 26, 13 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ginsenoside Rh4 possesses inhibitory and antifungal activity.<br>References Xue, P., et al: RSC Adv., 7, 10939-10946 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Wise, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 14, 807 (1978), Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 139 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Niclosamide is used as an anthelmintic drug (Cestodes).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Loftsson, T., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 1017 (1996), Malik, N., et al.: Anti. Cancer Drugs, 10, 767 (1999), El-Sayed, M., et al.: Pharm. Res., 18, 23 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications The (R,R)-enantiomer of Voriconazole. An antifungal (systemic). An ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sanati, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 2492 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxy-furo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one is a derivative of 6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one (C379925) which is an impurity of Eszopiclone (E889150), a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used as a treatment for insomnia.<br>References Gottesmann, C., et al.: Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 409 (1998), Yoshimoto, M., et al.: Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 9, 29 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled N-Demethyl Rifampicin (D231250). N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled herbicide<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hollender, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7862 (2009), Bollman, S., et al.: Weed Technol., 23, 264 (2009), Goudarzi, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 7153 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ricinine. An alkaloid extract from the seeds of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communalis). Ricinine is a central nervous system stimulant that could potentially be a cognition-enhancing agent used for the treatment of human amnesias. Ricinine also has bactericidal effects on three pests and heptaprotective activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Feraz, A.C. et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 63, 367 (1999); Zhao, Z. et al.: Zhong. Niang., 6, 13 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Phenethicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin based β-lactam antibiotic and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Lucien, C., et al.: Can. med. Assoc. J., 84, 535 (1961); Timmers, G.J., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 13, 497 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor (NPPI). Antiviral.<br>References Poppe, S.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1058 (1997), McGregor, T.R., et al.: HIV Clin. Trials, 5, 371 (2004), Boffito, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 130 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fipronil-detrifluoromethylsulfinyl-3C2 15N2, is the unlabeled analogue of Fipronil-detrifluoromethylsulfinyl, that can be used in the synthesis of Fipronil (F342200), which is a GABA receptor antagonists and insecticides.<br>References Ling, S., et al.: App. Entomol. Zool., 44, 543 (2009), Li, X., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29, 127 (2010), Savant, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 1447 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxy Niclosamide is a metabolite of Niclosamide(N395500) which is used as an anthelmintic drug (Cestodes).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Loftsson, T., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 1017 (1996), Malik, N., et al.: Anti. Cancer Drugs, 10, 767 (1999), El-Sayed, M., et al.: Pharm. Res., 18, 23 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Daclatasvir, inhibits the HCV protein NS5A, and thus can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV).<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Nature, 465(7294), 96 (2010); Bell, T. W., Chem. Med. Chem., 5(10), 1663 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications The major glucuronide metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).<br>References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992), Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol is used as an insecticide and used the synthesis of methiocarb.<br>References Yamada, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 57, 134 (2011); Keum, Y. et al.: Chromatograph., 52, 237 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Promecarb-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of Promecarb (P756500); a carbamate pesticide.<br>References Knowles, C.O., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 27, 529 (1981); Pacioni, N.L., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 583, 63 (2007); Sanchez, F.G., et al.: Analyst, 116, 851 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefotaxime Sodium EP Impurity E<br>Applications 3-Desacetyl Cefotaxime Lactone is an impurity of Cefotaxime sodium (C242950). 3-Desacetyl Cefotaxime Lactone is also a degradation product for other cephalosporin antibiotics such as: Ceftriaxone (C245000), Cefodizime and Ceftiofur (C244700).<br>References Amaker, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1139 (1996), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 328 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Metronidazole (M338880).<br>References Haller, I., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 22, 165 (1982), Gibson, R., et al.: Clin. Chem., 30, 784 (1984), Kuti, J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 25, 935 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bisphenol A.<br>References Zalko, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 28 (1998), Matthews, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxico., 14, 149 (2001), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Murata, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 2569 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyantraniliprole is used as an insecticide and/or acaricide. Also useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br>References Abbott, W., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 18, 265 (1925), Ali, A., et al.: Environ. Entomol., 19, 1066 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fenthion is an organothiophosphate used as an insecticide. Fenthion is also a potent acaricide. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pati, B.R. et al.: Plant Soil, 80, 215 (1984); Barros, A.T. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 96, 243 (2001); Kyriakidis, N.V. et al.: Food Chem., 91, 241 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Eszopiclone is the active stereoizomer of Zopiclone and belongs to the class of drug known as cyclopyrrones. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used as a treatment for insomnia.This is a controlled substance (depressant) in the US but not in Canada.<br>References Gottesmann, C., et al.: Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 409 (1998), Yoshimoto, M., et al.: Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 9, 29 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of Mosapride (M731000).<br>References Somogyi, A., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 8, 463 (1983), Cashman, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 587 (1993), Berkman, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 50, 565(1995), Blake, B., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 377 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Iso Cyclosporin H is an impurity of Cyclosporin H (C988920).<br>References Borel, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 41, 259 (1990); Brooks, C., et al.: Clin. Chem., 39, 457 (1993); Lee, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 22, 183 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefotaxime Bromoacetyl Analogue is an impurity of Cefotaxime (C242950), a broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic<br>References Wise, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 14, 807 (1978), Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 139 (1982),<br></p>