Antibiotics

Cefmenoxime hydrochloride is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating gynecological and obstetric infections.

Kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces kasugaensis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis by interfering with the function of the 30S ribosomal subunit, ultimately preventing the growth and proliferation of sensitive organisms. In agricultural contexts, Kasugamycin is primarily utilized to control bacterial and fungal diseases in a variety of crops, including rice and fruit trees. It is particularly effective against Xanthomonas oryzae, which causes bacterial leaf blight in rice, and other pathogenic organisms detrimental to plant health. The application of Kasugamycin has been an important tool for integrated pest management programs focusing on sustainable agricultural practices. As a compound with a specific mode of activity, it helps to reduce the environmental impact typically associated with broader-spectrum antibiotics, while offering target-specific disease control. Its careful application supports the minimization of resistance development, ensuring continued efficacy in protecting crop yields.

Azidamfenicol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase with a Ki of 22 µM. Azidamfenicol is a broad-spectrum chloramphenicol-like antibiotic.

Ceftibuten is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a beta-lactam class of antimicrobial agents derived from Acremonium, a genus of fungi. This product is synthesized to resist degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes, which are commonly produced by resistant bacteria, thereby maintaining its efficacy against a wide range of bacterial pathogens.

Sisomicin sulfate is a sulfate salt form of sisomicin with similar action and applications as sisomicin.

Cefazolin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is an effective cephalosporin antibiotic against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cefazolin is used in clinical isolates to inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus, resistant microorganisms, and systemic inflammation. Some studies has shown good results to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production in cell culture.

Sancycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline antibiotic, which is derived from the natural fermentation process of Streptomyces bacteria. The mechanism of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis by bindin directly to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome. This action effectively halts the growth of bacteria by impeding protein production, making it bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal.

Carnidazole (ME-108) shows antiprotozoal activity and can be used in studies about the treatment of Trichomonas infection.

Quinupristin, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotic, inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria.

7-epi-Clindamycin 2-phosphate is a semisynthetic antibiotic derivative, which is sourced from chemical modifications of the natural antibiotic lincomycin. This compound operates by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It achieves this by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby obstructing the translocation steps in protein elongation.

Sulfadimethoxine sodium is a sulfonamide antibiotic with action on bacterial folate synthesis inhibition and is used for treating respiratory and urinary tract infections in veterinary medicine.

Gentamicin C1 pentaacetate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research and analytical applications.

4-Demethyl daunomycinone is an anthracycline derivative, which is a natural or semi-synthetic compound derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces*. It is primarily studied for its potential use in anticancer therapies, given its structural similarity to other well-known anthracyclines like daunorubicin and doxorubicin. These compounds are known to intercalate into DNA, thereby disrupting the function of DNA and RNA synthesis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation.

Flucloxacillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is derived from the penicillin family. It is synthetically produced through chemical modification to enhance its stability against beta-lactamase enzymes. The mode of action of flucloxacillin involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which in turn inhibits the transpeptidation or cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains. This action leads to cell lysis and ultimately, bacterial death.

Faropenem sodium hydrate is a hydrated form of faropenem sodium with similar action and applications as faropenem sodium hemipentahydrate.

OM173-αA is a quinone bacterial metabolite that inhibits the growth of the bacteria M.

Gusperimus trihydrochloride is a derivative of the antitumor antibiotic spergualin with immunosuppressant activity.

DuP-721: broad-spectrum, oral antibiotic targeting various bacteria, including M. tuberculosis.