Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tadalafil is a synthetic drug that is used as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. It works by inhibiting the PDE5 enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down cGMP. Tadalafil has been shown to be effective in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, with few side effects. This drug is taken orally, with a meal or without one, and can be administered with or without food. To improve absorption, tadalafil should be taken at least 30 minutes before sexual activity. The dosage of tadalafil ranges from 2.5 to 20 mg, and it should not exceed 40 mg per day.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Laudanosine is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog that is metabolized by the liver to form laudanosine. Laudanosine has been shown to be a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine binding sites, including those of atracurium, mivacurium chloride, and diazepam. Laudanosine has also been shown to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in vitro, with clinical relevance for its use as an anti-epileptic drug.

4-(2-Bromoethyl)morpholine hydrobromide is a solvent that is used as an agent in the production of other chemicals. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a constant melting point of 130 to 131 degrees Celsius. 4-(2-Bromoethyl)morpholine hydrobromide is soluble in acetone, ethanol, ether, and water. This chemical has been shown to be toxic and should be handled with care.

3,3²-Dithiobis(propionitrile) is a molecule that includes sodium hydroxide solution and acrylonitrile. It reacts with 3-mercaptopropionic acid to form sodium hydrogen ester compounds. This reaction takes place in a sealed container and is catalyzed by carbonic and hydrochloric acids. The product of this reaction is 3-thiocyanatoacrylic acid.

(S)-(-)-1-Phenylpropylamine is a compound that can be synthesized by the asymmetric synthesis of 1-phenylethylamine. It is an amine that is used in the production of other compounds and has been shown to be reactive with a number of different compounds. The chemical profile of (S)-(-)-1-Phenylpropylamine consists mainly of aldehydes, amides, amines, and alkylating agents. This chiral molecule can be used for the production of drugs or as a precursor for other chemicals.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Cyano-5-fluorophenol is an organic compound that is used as a precursor to medicines and other chemicals. It reacts with calcium hydroxide in water to form 2-cyano-5-hydroxyfluorobenzene, which can be hydrolyzed to form 2-cyano-5-chlorofluorobenzene. This compound can also react with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium cyanate, which can be hydrolyzed to form sodium chloride and hydrogen cyanide gas. The alkali metal ions are needed for this reaction, which is why the product should not be exposed to water or moisture. 2-Cyano-5-fluorophenol has been shown to have liquid crystal properties and is used in the production of certain types of polymers. 2Cyano-5Fluorophenol crystals are also used in some medicines such as acetaminophen (paracetamol).

Bromo-PEG4-azide is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Bromo-PEG4-azide is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

MW 20,000 - 30,000

N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHFNS. It is a fluorinating agent that can be used for the synthesis of organic compounds. N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and has shown promising results in animal studies for the treatment of hepatitis. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it may involve the formation of hydrogen bonds between N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and amino acid residues in proteins, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.

3-Ethyl-4-methylpyrrole-2,5-dione is a chlorophyll analog. It has been found to be an electron donor in photosystem II of the chlorobium reaction center. The compound was prepared by evaporation of a solution of chlorobenzene and ethyl acetoacetate in carbon tetrachloride with the aid of a vacuum pump. 3-Ethyl-4-methylpyrrole-2,5-dione has also been used as a reagent for the preparation of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, which is an important component of blue algae. The compound reacts with phenoxy and furyl groups under acidic conditions to produce carboxylate and calcium carbonate, respectively. Oxidation products are formed in reactions with ethyl group and other organic compounds under alkaline conditions.

2-Fluoro-3-pyridineboronic acid is an amide that can be used as a catalyst for transfer reactions. It forms a complex with copper chloride and isohexane, which is then heated to produce the desired product. 2-Fluoro-3-pyridineboronic acid has been used in analytical methods such as constant pressure and methyl ethyl method. This compound also has high resistance to water vapor, hexane, and organic solvents. 2-Fluoro-3-pyridineboronic acid has been shown to inhibit the MCL-1 protein, which plays a role in regulating apoptosis. It can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS due to its ability to inhibit MCL-1 protein expression.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Formylbenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH2=C(O)CH=CHCO2H. It is a white solid that is soluble in water and has a strong, unpleasant odor. 4-Formylbenzoic acid has been shown to have affinity for binding to odorous molecules such as sulfur compounds, amines, and mercaptans. The binding of these molecules to the 4-formylbenzoic acid leads to a decrease in their odor concentration. This process can be done using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or optical sensors. The oxidation of 4-formylbenzoic acid by trifluoroacetic acid produces 2-formylphenol and formaldehyde, which are themselves volatile compounds with an unpleasant odor. These reactions may be used as wastewater treatment methods. Langmuir adsorption isotherm may be used as an analytical method for measuring the concentration of 4-formylbenzoic acid

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole is an activator that is used in palladium catalyzed reactions to form a phosphine ligand. 5-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole is also used as a vasotropic agent and reagent for organic synthesis. It is used to synthesize ethylesters and salts of 5-(5'-bromo)-2,2'-dihydroquinoline carboxylic acid. This compound can be hydrolyzed with alkaline solution to produce the corresponding amine.

Methyl 2-chloro-5-iodonicotinate is a basic and yields a radioligand for use in imaging studies. It is used as a specific activity and solid-phase extraction. Methyl 2-chloro-5-iodonicotinate has been shown to be effective for radiolabeling studies of the brain following intravenous administration.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Octyldecanoic acid is a fatty acid that is used as a stabilizer in detergent compositions. This stabilizer is also utilizable at high alkali metal concentrations, which makes it suitable for use in hard water conditions. 2-Octyldecanoic acid has a low viscosity at room temperature, and the nature of its hydrocarbon chain leads to increased stability against decomposition when heated or exposed to carbon tetrachloride. It can be synthesized from an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as octane, to form a macrocyclic ring structure. 2-Octyldecanoic acid also has optical properties that depend on the configuration of the carbon atoms. The molecule has two chiral centers and can exist in four different forms: erythro (E), threo (T), dithreo (D) and meso (M). The optical activity of 2-octyldecanoic acid depends

Thiodiglycolic anhydride is a synthetic reagent that is used in the synthesis of erdosteine. It also has been used in the synthesis of other products, such as magnetic particles for imaging and therapeutic uses. Thiodiglycolic anhydride can be used to synthesize erdosteine, which is a substrate for the enzyme hydroxylase and contains a hydroxy group in its structure. The hydroxyl group on erdosteine reacts with thiodiglycolic anhydride to form acrylonitrile, which then reacts with benzyl groups to form benzylthio-esters. These benzylthio-esters are then converted into acid transporters.

Diethyl Acetylphosphonate is a synthetic chemical that is used in the production of ethyl esters, which are used as intermediates for the production of epoxides. It has shown to be a bidentate ligand and reacts with primary amines. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate can be made by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of other organophosphorus compounds, in which a phosphine oxide intermediate reacts with an organic halide. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate has shown to be effective in detergent compositions and triethyl orthoformate, as well as alkanoic acid.

2-Acetylbenzoic acid is a functional molecule that contains an acetyl group. It can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells. The reaction products of 2-acetylbenzoic acid are malonic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, and 2-benzoylbenzoic acid. These three compounds are made by the addition of hydrogen or hydroxide to the molecule 2-acetylbenzoic acid. The molecule has two functional groups: a carbonyl group and an acetyl group. The chemical structure of this molecule can be seen in the figure below.
2-Acetylbenzoic Acid

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Amino-4-bromopyridine is a potent, selective antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. 2-Amino-4-bromopyridine binds to the nAChR and stabilizes it by binding to an allosteric site on the receptor. 2-Amino-4-bromopyridine is synthesized from 4,5-dibromobenzene and 2,6-diaminopyridine in two steps with a yield of 47%. The synthesis of 2-amino-4-bromopyridine proceeds via reaction mechanism involving electrophilic substitution at the bromine atom followed by nucleophilic addition at the nitrogen atom.

2-Amino-4-hydroxypyridine (2AH) is a synthetic, isomeric compound that has been synthesized in two different forms: 3-bromo-5-hydroxypyridine and hydroxy group. 2AH has been shown to be chemically stable at room temperature and pH levels of less than 7. It also withstands the loss of membrane fluidity induced by amides, such as 3-amino-2-bromopyridine. 2AH can be used to synthesize oxindole derivatives, which are found in natural gas, and piperidines. This chemical can also be used for aminations with pyrrole or 2 amino 4 hydroxypyridine.