Amides

<p>2-Amino-4-methylthiophene-3-carboxamide is a small molecule that is a potent inhibitor of the JAK2 kinase. This enzyme is associated with human fibrosis and has been shown to be involved in the development of liver fibrosis in rats. 2-Amino-4-methylthiophene-3-carboxamide inhibits the production of cytokines such as IL1α, IL6, and TNFα. It also blocks the activation of transcription factors such as NFκB, which are involved in inflammation. The compound has been shown to be orally active and has demonstrated efficacy in animal studies. Analogues have also been synthesized for this compound that show similar activity.</p>

<p>Sulfacetamide sodium monohydrate is a sulfa drug that is used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria that are sensitive to sulfonamides. It is also used to reduce the symptoms of rosacea, a skin condition. Sulfacetamide sodium monohydrate inhibits microbial growth by disrupting microbial fatty acid synthesis and inhibiting bacterial growth through various mechanisms including hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid, metabolic disorders, or changes in water permeability. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for congestive heart failure due to its ability to increase the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane and inhibit erythrocyte adhesion. This drug is also useful as a topical agent for treating mild cases of radiation dermatitis and has high values as an anhydrous sodium sulfate substitute for wastewater treatment.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide (2CPA) is an antimycobacterial agent that inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antimycobacterial activity of 2CPA has been demonstrated in a dilution method, where it reduced the number of viable cells in cultures of M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The antimicrobial activity of 2CPA was confirmed using a fluorescence assay, which showed that this compound is active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. smegmatis at concentrations above 0.1 mM. 2CPA also has a potent bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 0.06 mg/mL at 30 minutes and is active against Enterococcus faecalis with an MIC value of 4 mg/mL at 30 minutes.</p>

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<p>Indapamide is an antihypertensive drug that inhibits the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. It is used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Indapamide has been shown to be effective in reducing oxidative injury to red blood cells and preventing cardiovascular events such as stroke and heart attack. Indapamide also has a long-term efficacy with no withdrawal symptoms or rebound hypertension when it is discontinued.</p>

<p>COX inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug</p>

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<p>N,N-Dimethylsulfamide (DMS) is a chemical compound with a molecular formula of CH3SO2NH2 that is used as an industrial solvent. It is an environmental biocide that can be used to treat wastewater and as a sample preparation agent, such as for chemical ionization in gas chromatography. DMS has been shown to have biological properties that are active against mammalian cells, but not against bacteria. This property may be due to the presence of nitrogen atoms in the molecule's structure that are capable of forming coordination complexes with metals such as copper and iron.</p>

<p>Inducer of apoptosis; NF-κB activator; PP2A modulator</p>

<p>Tiaramide hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the production of prostaglandins. It has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory activity in bowel disease and inflammatory bowel disease, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of prostaglandin synthesis. Tiaramide hydrochloride is also a coumarin derivative that can form an n-oxide on exposure to air or light. It has been used in tissue culture experiments as a nanoparticulate composition, where it was found to have a dose-dependent effect on cell viability and proliferation. Tiaramide hydrochloride has been used in sample preparation for human serum and rat liver microsomes, where it showed a hydroxyl group that binds with fatty acids.</p>

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<p>Oxyclozanide is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the enzyme activity of chitin synthase in the nematode, which is necessary for the production of chitin. This inhibition leads to disruption of the nematode's cell membrane and death. Oxyclozanide has been shown to be effective against resistant mutants, as well as synergistic with other antimicrobial agents. It is also a specific antidote for oxyclozanide poisoning.</p>

<p>Ethionamide is a drug that is used for the treatment of tuberculosis. It binds to the enzyme preparations in the bacterial cell wall by competitive inhibition, which prevents formation of an antibiotic-inhibitor complex with the enzyme cell wall synthesis that is required for cell wall biosynthesis, inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division. The sulfoxide form of ethionamide is converted to the sulfone form when it enters the body. This conversion takes place primarily in the liver with assistance from alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450, and glutathione reductase. The sulfone form has higher potency than its precursor (sulfoxide) because it has lower protein binding affinity and more rapid elimination from plasma.</p>

<p>4-N-Octyloxybenzamide is a fine chemical that can be used as a building block in organic synthesis, or as a reagent in research. It is available at high quality and has been shown to be versatile. The compound can also be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds and is useful for the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and herbicides. 4-N-Octyloxybenzamide has CAS number 203243-94-1.</p>

<p>2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)acetamide is a high quality, reagent, complex compound, useful intermediate and fine chemical. It is also a useful scaffold or building block for the synthesis of speciality chemicals. 2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)acetamide is used in research and development as a versatile building block for the synthesis of new compounds. The CAS number for this compound is 196081-79-5.</p>

3-Cyanobenzamide is an organic compound with the formula CHC(N)NH. It is a white crystalline solid that can be obtained by reacting benzamide with cyanoacetylene. There are three possible isomers of 3-cyanobenzamide: 3-cyano-1-(substituted phenyl)benzamide, 3-cyano-2-(substituted phenyl)benzamide, and 3-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)benzamide. The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of 3-cyanobenzamide are in the presence of hydrogen bonding, such as n-hexane, amide, and phase equilibrium. Studies have determined that 3-cyanobenzamide has the potential to cause cancer or liver toxicity in humans. In addition, this chemical has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of alpha glucosidase enzymes in vitro and in vivo.

<p>4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzamide is a phenolic compound that is soluble in organic solvents. It has been shown to bind to fatty acid sequences and neutral polypeptides in the presence of an acidic or basic environment. 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzamide has also been shown to have catalytic activity, which may be due to its ability to form a polymeric matrix with other compounds.</p>

<p>4-Amino-2,5-diethoxyphenyl)benzamide is a small molecule that inhibits the enzyme activity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA topoisomerase I, and DNA gyrase. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells in culture. 4-Amino-2,5-diethoxyphenyl)benzamide also inhibits rat liver microsomes and can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>

<p>5-Iodosalicylamide is a chemical building block. 5-Iodosalicylamide can be reacted with appropriately functionalised aromatic compounds to afford the corresponding anilides, which have been shown to exhibit anti-fungal and bactericidal properties.</p>

<p>Rink amide-AM resin is a cation exchange resin that is used in peptide synthesis. It has an optimal pH range of 8-9. Rink amide-AM resin can be activated with trifluoroacetic acid or piperidine and washed with a mixture of water and methanol to remove the salt byproduct. The resin can then be used for peptide synthesis, which is typically done by adding the desired amino acids in sequence to the resin. The synthesis is stopped when the linear peptide reaches a desired length, typically 12-15 amino acids long. The linear peptides are then cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid or piperidine, depending on which activation reagent was used during synthesis. After cleavage, the linear peptides are precipitated from solution using ethanol or acetone and collected by filtration.</p>

<p>Modulator of CFTR channel in cystic fibrosis models</p>

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<p>6-Hydroxy-N,2-dimethylbenzofuran-3-carboxamide is a fine chemical which is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex compounds. It can be used as a reactant in various reactions, such as Friedel-Crafts reactions and cycloadditions. This compound has been shown to be a useful intermediate for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds and scaffolds for drug development. 6-Hydroxy-N,2-dimethylbenzofuran-3-carboxamide has CAS number 638217-08-0 and is readily available in high quality.</p>

<p>Thioacetamide is a chemical compound that has been used as a model system to study apoptosis. It is also known to cause injury and biochemical changes in cells. Thioacetamide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and conjugated with glucuronic acid, which prevents it from binding to DNA or protein. The oxidation of thioacetamide by cytochrome P450 enzymes leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that may cause DNA damage. Apoptosis induced by thioacetamide has been shown to be mediated through the mitochondrial pathway, which involves the release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-9, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Thioacetamide also inhibits sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, which leads to an accumulation of sorbitol in cells. This accumulation can activate transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), leading to</p>

<p>4-Benzylpiperazine-1-carboximidamide sulfate is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is a useful intermediate that can be used in the production of research chemicals and speciality chemicals. 4-Benzylpiperazine-1-carboximidamide sulfate is also an excellent reagent for reactions involving complex substrates, such as high quality and useful scaffolds.</p>

<p>Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate is a prodrug of tenofovir, an active antiretroviral agent. Tenofovir binds to the viral polymerase and blocks the synthesis of viral DNA. Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate is a prodrug that undergoes hydrolysis to form tenofovir. It has been shown to inhibit growth factor-β1, which may reduce the risk of opportunistic infections in people with HIV or AIDS. Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate has also been shown to be effective as an antiviral prophylaxis when used in combination with other drugs for active antiretroviral therapy.</p>

<p>Benzoyl-L-tyrosine amide is a reaction intermediate that is a competitive inhibitor of serine proteases. It binds to the active site of the enzyme and inhibits the breakdown of proteins by blocking the access of other reactants. Benzoyl-L-tyrosine amide has been shown to inhibit proteolytic activity in subtilis, an enzyme isolated from Bacillus licheniformis. The amino acid composition and binding properties are similar to those found in natural substrates. Benzoyl-L-tyrosine amide has been synthesized and its binding affinity towards histidine residues has been determined by titration calorimetry and fluorophosphate assay.</p>

4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPPC) is a cytotoxic agent with anti-cancer properties. It is a prodrug that is converted to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, the active form of the drug, by hydrolases in cells. The cytotoxicity of 4-HPPC has been demonstrated using a model system of human erythrocytes and HL60 cells. This drug also has an effect on tumor growth and metastasis, as well as on bowel disease. Rats treated with 4-HPPC showed decreased levels of blood glucose, increased glutathione peroxidase activity, and a decrease in the number of colonic tumors after only one dose. The low-dose group had improved mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in cell factor receptor activity. These results indicate that 4-HPPC may be a useful anti-cancer compound for treating various types of cancer including colon cancer.

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<p>N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide is an herbicide that belongs to the group of fatty acid amides. It is a selective postemergence herbicide that inhibits the germination and growth of plants by inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids. Unlike other chemical pesticides, it has no effect on animals or humans and it is not toxic to plants. The selectivity of N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide makes it a good candidate for use in combination preparations with other chemicals.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium salt with 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]methanesulfonamide is a hydroxyl group containing ionic liquid that has been used as an extractant. It is activated by a proton to form an oxyanion, which can be protonated again by the extractant to regenerate the ionic liquid. The thermodynamic properties of this ionic liquid are dependent on the concentration of solute and solvent. This ionic solute has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and is toxic for animals.</p>

<p>Chemically a chlorinated salicylanilide, niclosamide is clinically used as an anthelmintic agent. The action of niclosamide has been proven to proceed by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Recently, niclosamide, has been considered as an antiproliferative agent in cancer treatment, e.g. melanoma and colorectal cancer. In 2021, niclosamide has been tested for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.</p>

<p>Veratramide is a levorotatory, vanillic acid that has been synthesized by hydrolysis of esomeprazole. It is an ester of vanillic acid and hydrochloric acid. The cis-isomer is the more active form. Veratramide has been shown to be a prodrug for cisplatin, which is used in the treatment of cancer. Veratramide can also be metabolized to acetyl derivatives or flavonoids such as vitexin and metformin hydrochloride, which have anti-diabetic effects. Veratramide also binds to chloride ion channels, hypervalent ions (e.g., AlCl3), and quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., tetraethylammonium chloride).</p>

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<p>N-alpha-Benzoyl-L-arginine amide hydrochloride (BA) is a synthetic, noncompetitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. It has been shown to inhibit protease activity in vitro and rhizosphere enzyme activities in vivo. BA also inhibits the formation of hippuric acid from benzoic acid, which is a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phosphatase. The kinetics of this inhibition have been studied using a number of different substrates and enzymes. BA binds to the catalytic site on the enzyme, sterically hindering binding of the substrate and preventing hydrolysis.</p>

<p>AZD 1152 is an Aurora kinase inhibitor, which is a type of small-molecule therapeutic agent. It is derived from the pharmaceutical research conducted by AstraZeneca. Its primary mode of action involves the selective inhibition of Aurora B kinase, an enzyme crucial for the regulation of mitosis. By interfering with this enzyme, AZD 1152 disrupts the normal progression of cell division, leading to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.</p>

<p>Labetalol is a β-blocker that is used to treat high blood pressure. Labetalol hydrochloride, the active form of labetalol, is a white, crystalline compound with a melting point of 200 °C. It is soluble in water and has an acidic pH of 2. Labetalol hydrochloride is synthesized by reacting methylbenzene with labetalol, which forms intermediates such as methyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate and methyl 3-hydroxylbenzoate in the process. The intermediates are then recrystallized to form the final product. Labetalol hydrochloride undergoes thermal analysis using thermogravimetry, calorimetry, and residue analysis to determine its purity. This product also undergoes carbonaceous and oxidative analysis by GC-MS for quality control purposes.</p>

<p>Thioctamide is a drug that belongs to the class of drugs called sulfonylureas. It is an anti-diabetic drug that has been used for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes. Thioctamide binds to mitochondrial dehydrogenases and lipoamidases, inhibiting mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism. This leads to a decrease in cellular ATP levels, which can be measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of thioctamide on cells can also be determined by examining the response of cells to different concentrations of thioctamide using a cell viability assay. This drug has been shown to inhibit the growth of HL60 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 2.6 µM to 6.4 µM depending on concentration. Thioctamide inhibits the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and integrin receptor β1 in HL60 cells, which may be due to its ability to act</p>

<p>N-Methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide is a bifunctional amide that can react with an electrophile, such as hexane, to form an N-methylated product. The amide group of the molecule can also be deprotonated by a strong base to form an enolate, which can then react with a nucleophile. The NMR spectra of this compound show that it has a multinuclear structure and contains two tautomers. It is used in analytical chemistry for sample preparation, chromatographic science for reaction intermediates, and chemical study for its reactivity.</p>

<p>2-Phenoxyacetamide is an acylating agent that reacts with a hydroxyl group by substitution to form an ester or amide. It is used in clinical studies to combat insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. 2-Phenoxyacetamide has been shown to be effective against a number of bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Cryptococcus neoformans. The drug also inhibits the production of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Eliglustat is an oral medication used as a substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1, which is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder. This product is a small-molecule inhibitor derived via chemical synthesis. Its primary mode of action involves the selective inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase, an enzyme responsible for the first committed step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. By reducing the production of glucosylceramide, eliglustat decreases the substrate accumulation that contributes to the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease.</p>

<p>2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(4-piperidinyl)acetamide (TFAPA) is a nucleic acid analog that binds to the target nucleic acid. TFAPA is a morpholino compound with an amide linkage between the morpholine ring and the acetic acid group. TFAPA is a sequence-specific DNA analog that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the target nucleic acid. TFAPA can also be used as a probe for the detection of abnormal sequences in RNA.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-3-nitrophenylacetamide is a chemical compound that can be used as a reagent, useful scaffold for research, and a high quality research chemical. CAS No. 5540-60-3, this versatile building block is useful for the synthesis of complex compounds and fine chemicals.</p>

<p>Malonamide is a natural product with biological properties that include anti-inflammatory activity. It is a receptor antagonist that binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and blocks the binding of acetylcholine, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction. Malonamide has been shown to have good chemical stability and phosphorus pentoxide tolerance. This compound also has high steric interactions with halogens, which allows it to act as an effective antiseptic agent for wounds or skin infections caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Malonamide has been shown to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant strains. Malonamide binds to copper ions and forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the nitrogen atoms in the molecule. This interaction stabilizes its conformation and leads to increased chemical stability in comparison with other nitrogen containing drugs.</p>

<p>2,2,2-Trifluoro-n-phenylacetamide is a functionalized trifluoroacetic acid. It is inactive and can be used for diagnostic purposes. 2,2,2-Trifluoro-n-phenylacetamide reacts with amines to form the corresponding deuterium isotope labeled amine. The heterocyclic amines that are formed react with diazonium salt to produce an enolate anion that reacts with chloride to form the corresponding carboxylic acid derivative. The proton of the carboxylic acid leaves as a protonated ammonium ion, which is stable in alkaline solutions. Amides have a negative charge on the nitrogen atom due to its electron withdrawing properties.</p>

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<p>Hydroxyflutamide is an anti-androgen drug that belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-androgens. It has been shown to bind to the androgen receptor with high affinity and inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Hydroxyflutamide also has a strong antitumor response in vivo, which is due to its ability to inhibit cellular proliferation by binding to DNA polymerase during replication. The drug may also have some activity as an antineoplastic agent because it inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells. However, hydroxyflutamide has never been tested on humans or animals, so its effects are unknown.</p>

<p>1H-Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide is a detergent composition that contains antimicrobial agents. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of resistant mutants in vitro and is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Hydrogen bonding interactions between 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide and the amide group on the cell membrane surface are thought to be responsible for its activity. This compound also inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis by binding to the enzyme topoisomerase II, which is necessary for DNA replication. The molecular weight of 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide makes it useful as an analytical reagent in gas chromatography.</p>

<p>3-Chlorobenzamide is an analytical reagent that is used for the separation and purification of organic compounds. It has been shown to be a catalyst for the reaction system in the dehydration of amides, amido, and halides. 3-Chlorobenzamide has also been suggested as a possible environmental pollutant due to its catalytic properties and ability to react with monoxide. The correlations between 3-chlorobenzamide concentrations in air and soil have also been studied extensively.</p>