Glycoscience

Applications β-Cyclodextrin Deuterated is an isotope analog of β-Cyclodextrin (C987830), which is a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion. β-Cyclodextrin is commonly used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation.
References Motoyama, A. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 28, 97 (2002); Nakamura, N. et al. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 19, 87 (1977); Riddle, L. A. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 45, 330 (2007);

Applications A novel glucosylation enzyme. Standard type oligosaccharide.
References Kuriki, T., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 87, 557 (1999), Meulenbeld, G., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 70, 363 (2000), Moon, Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 1230 (2006),

Applications Galactinol Hydrate is an α-galactoside of Inositol (I665995), which is the structural basis for a number of signaling and secondary messenger molecules including; insulin signal transduction, cytoskeleton assembly, nerve guidance, membrane potentials, serotonin activity and the breaking down of fats and reducing cholesterol.
References Graca, G., et al.: J. Prot. Res., 9, 6016 (2010); Rovio, S., et al.: Food Chem., 124, 1194 (2010);

Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 57467-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule. This is the labeled analog.
References Van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);

Applications 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate contains in liquid smoke flavorings.
References Kim, K., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 38, 53 (1974), Guillen, M., et al.: Food Chem., 58, 97 (1997), Guillen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 1276 (1998),

Applications D-chiro Inositol (cas# 643-12-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Ethyl β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (cas# 56245-60-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications L-Fucose was isolated from seaweed.
References Clark, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 54, 65 (1922),

Applications DL-Arabinose, is a building block of polysaccharide (CCPa-1) from fungus Coprinus comatus Gray, which has potential application as natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity. Arabinose is also used as a culture medium for certain bacteria.
References Xiao-Gang, J., et al.: Int. J. Bio. Macromol., 58, 349 (2013);

3,4-Di-O-acetyl-L-arabinal is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of monofluorides. It has been synthesized from l-arabinose by a stereoselective process, with triflic acid as the catalyst and propargylation as the key step. The synthetic pathway starts from an acid hydrolysis of L-arabinose to yield 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-arabinonic acid. This acid is then converted to 3,4 diacetyl L arabinonic acid with acetic anhydride and acetic acid in the presence of triethylamine. The final product is then obtained by reacting this intermediate with 1 equivalent of sodium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) using catalytic reduction with sodium borohydride at 0 °C. The major advantage of this synthetic process is that it provides two stereoisomers: (

A1 Glycan, 2-AB labelled is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate. The carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide that has been modified with methylation and glycosylation. The carbohydrate has a CAS number and is a polysaccharide. It is modified with saccharide, methylation, and glycosylation. The carbohydrate has undergone click modification and fluorination and it is synthetic.

3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal, also called 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol triacetate, is the acetate protected cyclic enol-ether (glycal) of D-glucose. 3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal is a building block useful in the synthesis of a range of carbohydrates with the glucal double bond allowing other functional groups to be introduced. As an alkene, a glycal can undergo electrophilic addition across the double bond to introduce halogens and epoxides or be used to generate deoxy monosaccharides. 3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal can undergo a Ferrier rearrangement with an alcohol and Lewis acid to give a 2,3-unsaturated product.

Chitin is a polysaccharide which is found widely in nature, where it functions in a manner similar to collagen in chordates. It forms the tough fibrous exoskeletons of insects, crustaceans and other arthropods, and, in addition to its presence in some fungi, it occurs in at least one alga. The structure of chitin is similar to that of cellulose but with glucose replaced with N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl units linked β-D-(1,4) in a linear chain. It is normally produced from the shells of lobster, crab or shrimp.

1,4,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose is a synthetic carbohydrate that has been modified using glycosylation, methylation, and click modification. It is a complex carbohydrate with a high purity of 99.5%, and can be used in many applications including the synthesis of oligosaccharides. 1,4,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose can be fluorinated to create a product with increased resistance to hydrolysis.

This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative (Suc-γ-CD) is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.

Laminaran is a polysaccharide that co-occurs with fucoidan and alginate in brown seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata, Laminaria cloustoni, Eisenia bicyclis and Thallus laminariae. It is a β-1,3-linked glucan which it is claimed stimulates the immune system in mammals and fish.
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

Chitin forms the tough fibrous exoskeletons of insects, crustaceans and other arthropods, and, in addition to its presence in some fungi, it occurs in at least one alga. The structure of chitin is similar to that of cellulose but with glucose replaced with N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl units linked β-D-(1,4) in a linear chain. Chitin is normally produced from the shells of lobster, crab or shrimp.

The "tallowate" esters are probably the best known derivatives of sucrose and many attempts have been made to commercialise them in order to exploit their excellent surfactant functionalities.  The most functional products are the mono- and diesters of the tallow acids (stearic, palmitic, oleic) with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values that lend themselves to surfactant applications in foods and cosmetics.  They also have other uses, for example in coating fruits with a semipermeable membrane that acts as a preservative.  Manufacturing economics have prevented these products from mass production and they remain in niche applications.

4-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose is a disaccharide that contains two acetamido groups. It is an acceptor for the receptor activity and has been shown to have biological properties. This compound can be synthesized using lactam and glycosylation with the use of sodium cyanoborohydride. 4-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose can also be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, which are important for cellular function. 4O-(2 Acetamido 2 deoxy a D glucopyranosyl) D galactopyranose shows high affinity for pertussis bacteria and bordetella pertussis. It binds to the surface of these bacteria,

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-S-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-thio-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic compound that is used as a building block for the synthesis of other compounds. It is an acetylated oligosaccharide that can be modified with fluorine atoms to form 1,2,3,4-tetra-[F]fluoro-[F]deoxy-[F]thio-[F]hexose. This product has high purity and can be used in glycosylation reactions.