Glycoscience

Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. It is the main storage form of glucose in the body.  In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in liver and muscle cells and functions as the second most important energy storage molecule to fat which is held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is analogous to starch and has a structure similar to amylopectin, but is more extensively branched and compact than starch. It occurs as granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle.

UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is a drug that is used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. It is an inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the glucuronidation of estrone and other substrates. The binding affinity of UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt can be increased by mutating the enzyme to increase its kinetic rate. This drug has been shown to inhibit estrogen production in recombinant human liver cells as well as in human liver cells. Mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme have also been associated with variations in estrogen levels, specifically high rates.

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Gal Conjugated to BSA-good antibody elicitor

Digalactosyl diglyceride is a lipid that is found in the wax of plants. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Digalactosyl diglyceride binds to nuclear DNA and inhibits fatty acid synthesis, which leads to membrane destabilization.

S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside is a glycoconjugate that has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. It is used in the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, by inhibiting glucose uptake into cells. S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside may also have anticancer effects by inhibiting glucose transporters and caspases.

Intermediate for β-glucosides; potential PET surface modification reagent

3-Phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid that has been shown to have inhibitory properties. It has been used as an analytical method for the diagnosis of bronchial reactivity. The high resistance of 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside to oxidation and reduction make it an interesting candidate for antiinflammatory agents. When testing the effects of this compound on human bronchial tissue, it was found that 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside inhibited allergic symptoms by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are released in response to allergens and other irritants in the airways. The use of this compound may be useful in the treatment of asthma patients who suffer from allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or animal dander.

6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin is a cavity-forming agent that is used in the treatment of dental cavities. It has been shown to be effective against Streptococcus mutans and is less toxic than other cavity treatments. 6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin also has phosphorescence and can be used as a fluorescent tracer. This molecule has been shown to form complexes with 3-bromoquinoline, which are good substrates for cyclodextrin synthesis. In addition, it reacts with 6-bromo2 naphthol to form a complex that includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The complex absorbs light at wavelengths of 400 nm or more and emits light at wavelengths of 500 nm or less, making it useful for luminescent imaging systems.

Applications N-Methoxy-N-methyl-β-D-glucopyranosylamine is used in the synthesis of 6-α-D-Glucopyranosyl Maltotriose (G419100), which is the sugar composition of sake.
References Giri, N.Y., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophysics, 145, 505 (1971)

Applications D-Talose is a monosaccharide sugar that can convert between aldose and ketose forms in pyridine in the presence of aluminum oxide.
References Ekeberg, D. et al.: Carb. Res., 342, 1992 (2007); Chaytor, J. et al.: Glycobio., 22, 123 (2012);

Applications D-Fructofuranose 6-(Dihydrogen phosphate) Dipotassium Salt is an impurity of D-Fructose(F792500). D-Fructose occurs naturally in a large number of fruits, honey, and plants. High intake and consumption of fructose has been hypothesized to increase occurrence of diabetes and insulin resistance.
References Elliott S. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 911 (2002); Isganaitis E. et al.: Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 2451 (2006);

Stability Temperature Sensitive; Store in freezer; Stabilized with 2% CaCO3
Applications Bromo 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranoside is a useful intermediate for the total synthesis of the antiviral flavonoid houttuynoid A.Temperature and moisture sensitive; Store in freezer; Stabilized with 2% CaCO3
References Jian, J., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 81, 371 (2018)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Increases the uptake rate of liposomes.
References Chono, S., et al.: J. Pharm., Pharmacol., 59, 75 (2007), VeeraReddy, P., et al.: J. Drug Target., 17, 140 (2009),

Applications 3-Acetamido-3-deoxy-D-glucose (cas# 14086-88-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications L-Glucose is the enantiomer of D-Glucose (G595000), a naturally occurring carbohydrate used in an abundance of cellular processes. L-Glucose is a synthetic sugar used in the formation of L-Glucose Pentaacetate (G596510), a potential therapeutic agent regarding type II diabetes. In addition, L-glucose can be used as a colon cleansing agent for before a colonoscopy procedure.
References Malaisse, W. et al.: Int. J. Mol. Med., 2, 383 (1998); Raymer, G. et al.: Gastrointest. Endosc., 58, 30 (2003); Wang, R., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. B. Enz., 56, 131 (2009),

Applications 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone (cas# 28876-37-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications L-Mannose (cas# 10030-80-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 4-Acetamidophenyl β-D-Glucuronic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate to synthesize Acetaminophen (A161220) metabolites (1).
References (1) Burgess, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 312, 228 (2003)

Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule. This is the labeled analog.
References Van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);

Applications 1-Bromopentadecane-1,1,2,2-d4 (CAS# 1219798-87-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Gestodene-2,2,4,6,6,10-d6 (CAS# 1542211-40-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications 5alpha-Pregnan-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione-1,2,4,5-d4 (CAS# 252976-11-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Benzyl-2,3,4,5,6-d5 Acetate (CAS# 1398065-57-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Methyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(ß-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (cas# 100836-88-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications An inhibitor of peptic hydrolysis and stomach acidity. Used as an anti-ulcerative.
References Mayberr, J.F., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pract., 32, 291 (1978); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 27, 194 (1984);