Antifungals

<p>Terconazole is an azole antifungal agent with action on fungal cell membranes by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis and is used for treating vaginal yeast infections.</p>

<p>Fengycin A analogue is an antifungal lipopeptide, which is a cyclic compound derived from microbial sources, specifically produced by Bacillus subtilis strains. It functions primarily by disrupting the cell membranes of pathogenic fungi, leading to altered membrane permeability and subsequent cell death. The unique structure of fengycin allows it to interact with membrane lipids, compromising membrane integrity and inhibiting fungal growth.</p>

<p>Bifonazole is an antifungal drug that is used for the treatment of fungal infections. This drug inhibits the production of ergosterol and destabilizes the fungal cytochrome p450 51 enzyme.</p>

<p>Ketoconazole is an azole antifungal compound with a mode of action that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal cell membranes. It is used for treating fungal infections of the skin and scalp.</p>

<p>Butenafine hydrochloride is an antifungal agent and is used for the treatment of fungal infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes.</p>

<p>Posaconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme which is responsible for the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component, ergosterol. This demethylase enzyme synthesizes ergosterol through converting lanosterol to ergosterol. Therefore Posaconazole prevents the formation of fungal cell walls with the appropriate membrane permeability thus leading to fungal cell lysis. Posaconazole can be used as an antifungal drug to treat opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients. Moreover it is shown to inflict its inhibitory activity against common pathogenic fungus such as Candida and Aspergillus species but also Mucorales and some Fusarium species, which are less common.</p>

<p>Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.</p>

<p>Miconazole is an antifungal drug that is used for the treatment of fungal infections. This drug has broad-spectrum activity and works by inhibiting fungal CYP450 14α-lanosterol demethylase activity. This leads to altered ergosterol production and an impaired cell membrane.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of glucan synthase; antifungal compound</p>

<p>Oxiconazole is an anti-fungal agent that is used for the treatment of various dermatophyte infections. It can be used to treat athlete’s foot, ringworm and jock itch. This drug inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis and acts to destabilize the fungal cytochrome enzyme P450 51. Additionally, this drug has shown to inhibit DNA synthesis and suppress concentrations of ATP.</p>

<p>Fenticonazole nitrate is an imidazole antifungal agent with action on fungal cell membrane disruption and is used for treating fungal infections like vaginal thrush and athlete's foot.</p>

<p>Isoconazole is an azole antifungal compound with a mode of action that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal cell membranes. It is used for treating fungal infections of the skin and nails.</p>

<p>Terbinafine is an antifungal drug that is used in the treatment of dermatophyte infections of the toenails and fingernails. Terbinafine also treats other skin infections. This drug works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis which in return inhibits fungal squalene monooxygenase. This results in a disruption of fungal cell wall synthesis.</p>

<p>Pan-histone demethylase inhibitor; anti-fungal; iron-chelator</p>

<p>Amorolfine is an antifungal drug that inhibits fungal enzymes (D14 reductase and D7-D8 isomerase). Its inhibition has an affect on fungal sterol synthesis pathways, and it depletes ergosterol. This drug can be used as a treatment for inflammatory lesions such as Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis, and Tinea cruris due to its ability to penetrate the skin barrier with ease.</p>

<p>Micafungin, as one of three echinocandina, has been proven to be a successful antifungal therapeutic in treating general Candida fungus infections. The treatment of immunocompromised patients is particularly important as Candida infections cause high mortality rates in patients in intensive care units, receiving chemotherapy, or stem cell transplants. This product acts as an anti-fungal by inhibiting the 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase enzyme. As a result the production of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, which is crucial to the fungal cell wall, is hindered. Thus, the fungal cell wall loses integrity allowing for osmotic instability and cell lysis to occur.</p>

<p>Caspofungin is an echinocandin that belongs to the class of antifungal agents. It is used to treat Aspergillus and Candida infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of Aspergillus species and Candida species.</p>

<p>Pafuramidine is an antiprotozoal prodrug with action on protozoal DNA synthesis inhibition and is used for treating African sleeping sickness and Pneumocystis pneumonia.</p>

<p>Exalamide is an arenecarboxamide antifungal agent with action on fungal growth inhibition and is used for research on fungal infections.</p>

<p>Griseofulvin is an antifungal drug used to treat several types of dermatophytosis (ringworm). This includes fungal infections of the nails, scalp and the skin when antifungal creams have not worked. It is suggested that it prevents nuclear acid production and fungal cell mitosis. Additionally, through binding to alpha and beta tubulin, it interferes with the function of the spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules.</p>