Antimicrobials

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for the treatment of various bacteria infections. This drug is used in veterinary medicine and to treat animals with those infections. This drug works by inhibiting bacteria synthesis. It is a fluorinated synthetic analog of thiamphenicol.

Pirazinecarboxamide (Pyrazinamide) is an antitubercular agent with action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis by disrupting membrane energetics and is used for treating tuberculosis in combination with other drugs.

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that is used for the treatment of bacterial infections in different locations such as the skin, soft tissue and respiratory tract. This drug works by inhibiting mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. As a result, bacteria will produce defective cell walls leading to cell death.

Tenofovir diphosphate triethylamine (mixture of diastereomers) is an antiviral compound, which is a synthetic chemical product derived from the parent compound, tenofovir. This formulation includes a mixture of diastereomers to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. The compound primarily functions as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). It targets viral reverse transcriptase enzymes, inhibiting DNA synthesis and subsequent viral replication by causing premature chain termination.

Herbicidin E is a potent herbicidal compound, derived from blue-green algae, with a biochemical mode of action focused on inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport. It effectively disrupts the photosynthetic process by binding to specific sites within the chloroplasts of target plants, impairing their ability to convert light energy into chemical energy. This leads to a depletion of essential energy reserves, resulting in the controlled demise of the plant.

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease.

3-Formyl rifamycin is an intermediate in the synthesis of rifampicin that has been used to develop rifamycin derivatives with antibiotic activity. Rifampicin is aa anti-tuberculosis drug that inhibits bacterial DNA replication

Streptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the ribosomal subunit and interfering with protein synthesis. It is used in culture media for the production of human antibodies as well as in drug therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Streptomycin sulfate has a high specific activity and low sensitivity, but it also has a low solubility in water. The active form of streptomycin sulfate is streptomycin A, which is produced by the addition of a phenyl ring to neomycin sulfate. In plant roots, streptomycin sulfate inhibits cyanogenic glycosides from being hydrolyzed into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and benzaldehyde.

Cefadroxil monohydrate is a hydrated form of cefadroxil with similar action and applications as cefadroxil.

Omadacycline tosylate is a aminomethylcycline antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections.

Erythromycin thiocyanate is a macrolide antibiotic derivative with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research and pharmaceutical applications.

Gentamycin sulphate is the salt form of the broad-spectrum antibiotic gentamycin (a.k.a. gentamicin). Gentamycin is active against clinically relevant bacteria, such as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and is used to fight infections from Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Enterobacteriaceae species. Gentamycin is a natural mixture of four congeners, one of which is gentamicin C2a. Gentamycin has been included in biomedical implantable materials, such as, bone grafts, to reduce the risk of infection.

Enrofloxacin is a rapidly bactericidal antibiotic, that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking protein synthesis, thereby preventing the bacteria from making new proteins. Enrofloxacin also has strong activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens which is an anaerobic bacterium that causes food-borne illness. This antibiotic is used for the treatment of acute bacterial infections in humans, such as, skin or soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and septicemia (bloodstream infection). Enrofloxacin has shown excellent bioavailability with high serum protein binding capacity. Additionally, it has good efficacy against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enrofloxacin can be used effective in treatments for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species.

Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation; inhibits monoamine oxidase

Ribavirin is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of hepatitis C, respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza. It is a monocarboxylic acid derived from vitamin B2. Ribavirin inhibits viral replication by interfering with the function of RNA polymerase. Ribavirin also has immunosuppressive properties that can be useful in treating autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and it has been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection with compensated liver disease or decompensated liver disease with or without HCV genotype 3 infection. The antiviral activity of ribavirin against other viruses, including HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B viruses has been reported but not largely studied.