Flavonoids

<p>Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a specialized type of bioactive compound found predominantly in various plants. Structurally, it constitutes quercetin—a well-known flavonoid—conjugated with a glucose molecule, specifically at the 7th position of the quercetin structure. This compound is primarily sourced from fruits, vegetables, and various herbs.</p>

<p>3,7-Dimethoxy-3',4',5-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is derived from various plant sources known for their bioactive compounds. These plants are rich in polyphenolic substances, contributing to the compound's complex structure and functionality. The mode of action of 3,7-Dimethoxy-3',4',5-Trihydroxyflavone involves its ability to act as a potent antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species at the molecular level. Additionally, its molecular configuration allows for interactions with cellular signaling pathways, potentially influencing various biochemical processes.</p>

<p>Alpinumisoflavone is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is derived from plants, particularly those in the Leguminosae family. Structurally, isoflavones are a class of phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds with estrogenic activity. Alpinumisoflavone exerts its effects primarily through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It modulates key signaling pathways by interacting with cellular components to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory responses, making it a valuable compound in studying cellular protection mechanisms.</p>

<p>Myricetin-3-galactoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of secondary metabolite originating from various plant sources, including fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. This compound forms when the flavonol, myricetin, is glycosylated with a galactose molecule. Its structure enhances the stability and solubility of myricetin, thereby modulating its bioavailability and biological activity.</p>

<p>Iridin is an isoflavone glycoside derived primarily from the rhizomes of certain species of the Iris plant. As a phytochemical compound, its source is botanical, particularly extracted from Iris versicolor, known commonly as the Blue Flag plant. The mode of action for Iridin involves its role as a glycoside compound, which influences various biochemical pathways in the body. Glycosides like Iridin are known for their potential to modulate enzyme activities, interact with cellular signals, and participate in the process of detoxification within the liver.</p>

<p>A cytotoxic biflavonoid from Toxicodendron succedaneum, Juniperus sp., and Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki).</p>

<p>Velutin is a natural flavonoid, which is derived from the leaves of certain plant species, specifically from the Asteraceae family. This compound demonstrates a unique mode of action by modulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Velutin effectively inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>3,5-Dihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a type of natural product commonly found in plants. This compound is derived from various plant sources, where it serves as a secondary metabolite involved in plant defense mechanisms. 3,5-Dihydroxyflavone exerts its effects through several mechanisms, including modulating oxidative stress and interacting with cellular signaling pathways. Its antioxidant properties allow it to scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Additionally, it can influence various enzymes and receptors involved in cellular processes, leading to a range of biological effects.</p>

<p>Diosmetin-7-neohesperidoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a secondary metabolite predominantly found in citrus fruits. This compound acts through various biochemical pathways, importantly exhibiting potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Its mode of action involves the scavenging of free radicals and modulation of enzyme activities that contribute to inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Isovitexin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, specifically a C-glycosyl flavone, which is found in a variety of plants, including green tea, passionflower, and barley leaves. Derived from these botanical sources, isovitexin is characterized by its structural complexity, contributing to its biological activity. The mode of action of isovitexin involves its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress. It exhibits strong antioxidant properties that allow it to stabilize reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing cellular damage. Additionally, isovitexin has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, attributed to its influence on signaling pathways and enzyme activities related to inflammation and cell survival. Isovitexin is primarily utilized in the context of scientific research to explore its pharmacological potentials. Researchers study its application in fields such as neuroprotection, cardioprotection, and its role in mitigating the effects of metabolic disorders. Its broad spectrum of activity makes it a compound of interest in both the development of therapeutic agents and the enhancement of nutritional supplements.</p>

<p>Isoscutellarein is a flavonoid compound, which is naturally derived from various plant sources, including herbs and certain vegetables. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. This activity is attributed to its ability to donate hydrogen atoms or electrons, thus stabilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p>

<p>6-Methoxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring product found in certain plants. It is characterized by the presence of a methoxy group attached to the flavone backbone. This compound is typically extracted from plant sources such as citrus fruits and certain herbs that have a high content of polyphenolic compounds. Its mode of action involves modulating various biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of specific enzymes and interaction with cellular receptors, potentially affecting oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.</p>

<p>Naringenin-7-rutinoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is naturally sourced from citrus fruits, such as grapefruits and oranges. This compound is characterized by its unique molecular structure where the flavonoid naringenin is bound to the disaccharide rutinose. The mode of action of naringenin-7-rutinoside primarily involves its antioxidant properties, which allow it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of HSP70 and HSP27 expression</p>

<p>Quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of phytochemical compound. It is derived from various plant sources, notably plants in the Asteraceae family. The compound consists of the flavonoid quercetagetin and a glucose molecule, forming a glycoside linkage. Its mode of action primarily involves antioxidant activity, where it scavenges free radicals and chelates metal ions, thus potentially reducing oxidative stress in biological systems.</p>

<p>Biochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is derived from plants such as red clover and soy. This compound functions as a phytoestrogen, exerting its effects by modulating estrogen receptors, and showcases antioxidant capabilities through the scavenging of free radicals. As a result, Biochanin A holds significant interest for research in the modulation of hormonal pathways and in providing protection against oxidative stress.</p>

<p>Jamaicin (AnCoA4), an isoflavone derived from the chickweed plant, is an inhibitor of the STIM1-Orai1 channel that blocks calcium ion influx.</p>

<p>4'-Hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of phytoestrogen found in various plants. It is synthesized typically from plant sources and is part of a broader class of compounds known for their presence in legumes, especially soy and red clover. The mode of action of 4'-Hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone is primarily through its interaction with estrogen receptors, where it can exhibit weak estrogenic activity. This attribute allows it to modulate estrogenic signaling pathways, influencing cellular processes related to growth and metabolism.</p>

<p>Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside is a bioactive flavonoid glycoside, which is a naturally occurring compound found in a variety of plants. It serves as a significant molecule in the study of plant biochemistry and pharmacology. This compound is sourced from various plant species such as tea, broccoli, and other common vegetables and fruits, where it contributes to the plant's defense mechanisms against environmental stresses.</p>

<p>Flavanone hydrazone (FH) is a natural compound that has been found to have antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including the papilloma virus and picornavirus. The antiviral activity of FH is due to its ability to inhibit the shikimate pathway, which is required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids from chorismate. This inhibition prevents the production of viral proteins, leading to cell death. FH also has an inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus and leukoplakia by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. It may also be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.</p>