Lipids

Applications n-Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside is a widely used detergent to solubilize membrane proteins.
References Hildebrandt, E., et. al.: BBA-Biomembranes, 1838, 2825 (2014)

Applications (4bS)-trans-8,8-Trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-isopropylphenanthren-2-ol is a naturally occurring diterpene that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity.
References Tian, M., et al.: Records of Natural Products, 14, 219 (2020)

Applications 3-Oxo-7a-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic Acid is a keto bile acid derivative.
References Bortolini, O. et al.: Tetra., 62, 4482 (2006); Bortolini, O. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 67, 5802 (2002);

Applications 11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a precursor to corticosterone (C695700), converted by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) which plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.
References Morgan, S. et al.: Diabetes, 58, 2506 (2009);

Applications (-)-Sweroside is an active ingredient of iridoid glycoside isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica THUNB. (-)-Sweroside has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
References Luo, Y., et. al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 57, 79 (2009); Keun, H., et. al.: Biosci. Biotech. Bioch., 74, 2022 (2010)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);

Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is used in the study of the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on diacylglycerol phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. It is also a possible protein kinase C activator.
References MacDonald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 1575 (1988); Massayoshi, G., et al.: BBRC, 144, 598 (1987)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications A labelled vitamin precursor.

Applications A predominant, rather hydrophobic natural ceramide. Activates a cytosolic serine/threonine protein phosphatase in T9 cells; induces EGF receptor phosphorylation in A-431 cells; stimulates ceramide-activated protein kinase.
References Shoyama, Y., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 19, 250 (1978), Mathias, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Sci. USA, 88, 10009 (1991), Dobrowsky, R.T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 5048 (1992)

Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.
References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),

Applications Glyceryl derivative.

Applications 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl Glycerol is a triglyceride found in oils from various natural sources such as palm kernels, sunflower seeds and soybean. 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl Glycerol is used to study the effects of specific synthetic triglycerides on atherosclerosis.
References Kritchevsky, D. et al.: LIpids, 35, 621 (2000); Mayamol, P.et al.: J. Food Sci. Technol., 45, 305 (2008);

Applications β-Sitosterol and β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucoside were isolated as analgesic constituents from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz.
References Tanaka, et al.: J. Biochem., 17, 483 (1933), Nigro, N.D., et al.: J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 69, 103 (1982),

Applications α-Hyodeoxycholic Acid is isolated from pig bile. Antitumor agent.
References Abadie, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 299, 725 (1994), Taniguchi, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 10071 (1994), Davis, R., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 533 (2002),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Linolenic Acid Ethyl Ester is the ethyl ester derivative of Linolenic Acid (L467650); an essential fatty acid that occurs mostly as the glyceride in most drying oils. Also a nutrient.
References Folch, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497 (1957); Orban, E., et al.: J. Food Sci., 68, 128 (2003); Tritt, K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 5304 (2005)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications γ-Linolenic Acid is a fatty acid found mainly in vegetable oil. Studies suggest that γ-Linolenic Acid may have immune regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. γ-Linolenic Acid has also been used in the treatment of atopic eczeme although its efficacy is disputed.
References Ziboh, V. et al.: Fatty Acids Food Health Implic., 791 (2008); Kapoor, R. et al.: Curr. Phar, Biotechnol., 7, 531 (2006); Horrobin, D. et al.: Am. J. Nutrit., 71, 367S (2000);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 1-Myristoyl-3-chloropropanediol is a MCPD fatty acid ester found in a variety of vegetable oils.
References Velisek, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 28, 1142 (1980), Zelinkova, Z., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 23, 1290 (2006), Weisshaar, R., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 110, 183 (2008),

Applications Lanosterol is a sterol cholesterol precursor that maintains a stable concentration in the cortex of rats during aging however concentrations of Lanosterol increases in the liver during aging. Lanosterol is found in Mushroom Inonotus obliquus (I.obliquus) which is known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
References Smiljanic, K., et. al.: Lipids, 48, 1069 (2013); Ma, L., et. al.: Food Chem., 139, 503 (2013)

Applications Glyceryl derivative.

Applications (+)-Betulonic Acid shows potent cytotoxic activities against PC3, MGC-803, Bcap-37, and MCF-7 cell lines.
References Liu, M., et. al.: Molecules, 17, 6156 (2012)

Applications 1-Palmito-2-stearin is a diacylglycerol used to increase the activity of the ARF1 GTPase-activating protein on membrane-bound ARF1GTP.
References Antonny, B., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 30848 (1997)

Applications A labelled metabolite of Misoprostol. Cytoprotective PGE1 analog that prevents NSAID-induced gastric ulceration.
References Graham, Y., et al.: Lancet, 2, 1277 (1988), 11) Garris, R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol., 8, 627 (1989), Karim, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 29, 439 (1989),

Applications 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-myristoyl-rac-glycerol is a component of various vegetable oil.
References Jahaniaval, F., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 847 (2000); Kumar, P., et al.: J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 41, 88 (2009); Ahmadi, L., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 110, 1014 (2008)

Applications 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is used in the generation of micelles and liposomes.
References Høyrup, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1515, 133 (2001); Heberle, F., et al.: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 3, 1 (2011)

Applications Labelled all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic Acid, also known as DPA, is a fatty acid derived from fish oils that potently inhibits platelet aggregation. DPA has been reported to block the cyclooxygenase pathway and stimulate the lipoxygenase pathway, which results in effective platelet aggregation inhibition. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell research demonstrates that DPA diminishes cyclooxygenase-2 levels intracellularly and inhibits pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 production.
References Ballin, G., et al.: Biol. Plant, 20, 81 (1988), Bigogno, C., et al.: Lipids, 37, 209 (2002), Hu, Q., et al.: Plant J., 54, 621 (2008), Li, M., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 33, 1823 (2011),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Cholesteryl arachidonate is a cholesterol ester found associated with the neutral core of low density lipoprotein.

Applications 1-Stearo-3-linolein is a diacylglycerol from soybean oil deodoriser distillate.
References Lo, S., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 106, 218 (2004)

Applications (8Z,11Z,14Z)-8,11,14-Heptadecatrienoic Acid, is a naturally occurring hydroxylated fatty acid that is found in Acinetobacter species. It acts as a partial agonist of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40) and GPR84 receptors in vitro. It also inhibits bovine hepatic ligase (Ki = 4.4 μM) and mouse kidney mitochondrial medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase by 48% at a concentration of 40 μM.
References Moss, C.W., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol. 26(3), 484-492 (1988).; Kaspersen, M.H., et al.: Med. Chem. Commun. 8(6), 1360-1365 (2017).

Applications (15Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-15-tetracosenamide is a endocannabinoid used to study the inactivation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D.
References Leung, D., et al.: Biochem., 45, 4720 (2006);

Applications 3α,6α,7α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanic Acid is one of the bile acids categorizes under muricholic acid, a group of bile acids found in human urine due to its additional hydroxyl groups. The synthesis of 3α,6α,7α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanic Acid was shown to be promoted due to overexpression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase enzyme.
References Debray, D., et al.: Gastroenterol., 142, 1581 (2012); Li, T.G., et al.: Hepatol., 53, 996 (2011);

Applications 1,2-O-Dihexadecyl-sn-glycerol is used to prepare toll-like Receptor-2 Agonistic Diacylthioglycerol Lipopeptides. It is also used to syntheisze phospholipid analogs and evaluation as phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitors.
References Wu, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3198 (2010); Young, R., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 29, 537 (1994)

Applications Cholesterol 5beta,6beta-epoxide is an oxysterol produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol.

Applications Cholic Acid-d4 is a labelled analog of Cholic acid (C432600) which is a choleretic produced by, and isolated from liver cells.
References Nomoto, M., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 172 (2009), Simonsen, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2056 (2009), Miyata, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 338 (2009),

Applications 1-Monopalmitolein is a component of bitter melons with possible inhibitory effect on the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. It may also be used as an apoptotic agent in T-cells.
References Konishi, T., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 143, 379 (2004); Philippoussis, F., et al.: Cell Death and Differentiation, 8, 1103 (2001)

Applications 3-β-[N-(N’,N’-Dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol is a cationic liposome reagent. It has been investigated in cancer gene therapy and vaccine delivery system.
References Goyal, K., et al.: J. Liposome Res., 5, 49 (1995); Christensen, D., et al.: Exp. Rev. Vac., 10, 513 (2011); Gao, X., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 179, 280 (1991)

Applications Lactosyl-C18-sphingosine has been found to have a strong interaction with HIV-1 Gp120.
References McReynolds, K.D., et. al.: Bioconjugate Chem., 10, 1021 (1999)

Applications (+)-α-Cyperone is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus.
References Jung, S. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 147, 208 (2013);