Lipids

<p>Applications 1-Decanoyl-2–lauroyl-3-chloropropanediol belongs to a group of 3-Chloropropanediol fatty acid esters, which are contaminants found in edible oils and other food sources.<br>References Z. Zelinková, et al.: Food Addi. &amp; Conta., 23:12, 1290-1298 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications POPE is a component of E. Coli bacteria cell membrane.<br>References Tu, Y., et al.: Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 594 (2013).<br></p>

<p>Applications A major component of green tea, is a dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor.<br>References Van Aller, G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 406, 194 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sphingosine base present in crayfish and drosophila, contributing to muscle degeneration<br>References Kita, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 592 (2001), Fyrst, H., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 49, 597 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amphiphilic molecule used in the synthesis of artificial cell membranes for diagnostics and therapeutics.<br>References Deckert, A.A., et al.: Langmuir, 11, 643 (1995); Charych, D., and Nagy, J.O.: Chemtech, 26(9), 24 (1996); Pan, J.J. and Charych, D.: Langmuir, 13, 1365 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications Laurocapram is a useful intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Omega-3 fatty acid found in marine fish oils and in many phospholipids. Major structural component of excitable membranes of the retina and brain; synthesized in the liver from α-linolenic acid. Nutritional supplement.<br>References Whitcutt, J.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 67, 60 (1957), Bazan, N.G., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 10, 591 (1994), Makrides, M., et al.: Lipids, 31, 115 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Propionyl carnitine has been shown to improve the heart's mechanical recovery and other metabolic parameters after ischemia-reperfusion.<br>References Reznick, A.Z., et al.: Arch. Biochem Biophys., 296, 394 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Chenodiol (Chenodeoxycholic acid). A major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Fcilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.<br>References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-8-Prenylnaringin is a prenylflavonoid, a class on non-steroidal phytoestrogen that mimicks and/or modulating endogenous estrogens via estrogen receptor binding.<br>References Miyamoto, M. et al.: Planta Med., 64, 516 (1998); Kim, H.J. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 31, 1241 (2008); Zierau, O. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 294, 92 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile acid conjugate and metabolite Taurolithocholic Acid (T009100) with antiinflammatory activity. Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid has been shown to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis through suppression of Bid translocation to mitochondria.<br>References Emerman, S. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 242, 661 (1967); Takikawa, Y. et al.: Falk Symp., 120, 249 (2001); Li, P. et al.: Zhong. Shour. Xue., 28, 1317 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etiocholanolone.<br>References Eriksson, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 15, 132 (1970), Cook, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 93, 1019 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications (5α)-Pregnane-3,20-dione exerts neuroprotective effects in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The neuroactivity of the steroid acts as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.<br>References Caruso, D. et al.: J. Neuroendocrinol., 24, 851 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Arachidonic acid (AA) is an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid constituent of the phospholipids of cell membranes. Phospholipase A2 releases AA from the membrane phospholipids in response to inflammation.<br>References Peterson, J., et al.: J. Pediatr., 152, 788 (2008), Pichini, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 48, 927 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosphorylethanolamine is used in the synthesis of Sphingomyelin, a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membrane.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Myller, A.T. et al.: Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 1616 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications The sodium salt hydrate form of rac-Glycerophosphoric acid (G601598), which is a useful research chemical found in bacterial communities.<br>References Wang, K.; et al.: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 360, 471 (2018).<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Guggulsterone acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor also known as a hypolipidemic agent.<br>References Yang, D. et al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 529 (2012); El-Mekkawy, S. et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 27, 146 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A triglyceride for use in making human milk replacements.<br>References Nakaya, H., et al.: Biotechnology Techniques, 12, 881 (1998), Chen, M., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chemists’ Society, 91, 525 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a carbon stanol formed from biohydrogenation of Cholesterol (C432501) in the gut. Studies have also examined the conversion of 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol catalyzed by 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver.<br>References Serizawa, S., et al.: J. Biochem., 92, 547 (1982); Shefer, S., et al.: J. Lipid. Rsch. 7, 763 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 12β-Hydroxyisocholic Acid is a bile acid.<br>References Batta, A.K., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 32, 977 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000) derivative. 24-norUrsodeoxycholic acid is superior to Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice.<br>References Seedorf, U., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 21277 (1994), Stolowich, N., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 1719 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is used in the generation of micelles and liposomes.<br>References Høyrup, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1515, 133 (2001); Heberle, F., et al.: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 3, 1 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lovastatin EP Impurity E; Lovastatin USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 4a,5-Dihydro Lovastatin (Lovastatin EP Impurity E; Lovastatin USP Related Compound A) is an impurity in Lovastatin (L472225) bulk drug.<br>References Bone, E.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2, 223 (1992), Houck, A., et al.: Talanta, 40, 491 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol-d7 is a labelled metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 12-Hydroxylauric Acid is used in the structural and functional characterization of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase from Solanum lycopersicum.<br>References Kubienova, L., et. al.: Biochimie, 95, 889 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (Z)-2-Chloropropane-1,3-diyl Dioleate is a lipid analagous to rac-1,3-Distearoyl-2-chloropropanediol (D493510), a new lipid in food protein hydrolyzates.<br>References Velisek, J., et al.: J. Agric. Chem., 28, 1142 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications n-Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside is a widely used detergent to solubilize membrane proteins.<br>References Hildebrandt, E., et. al.: BBA-Biomembranes, 1838, 2825 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications (4bS)-trans-8,8-Trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-isopropylphenanthren-2-ol is a naturally occurring diterpene that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity.<br>References Tian, M., et al.: Records of Natural Products, 14, 219 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Oxo-7a-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic Acid is a keto bile acid derivative.<br>References Bortolini, O. et al.: Tetra., 62, 4482 (2006); Bortolini, O. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 67, 5802 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine used in the synthesis ultra-thin membranes to facilitate the transfer of islets of Langerhans in the attenuation of early graft loss in avoidance of immunosuppressive therapy. Also used in the synthesis of immunoliposomes containing TAT cells for tumor cell internalization and cytotoxicity.<br>References Teramura, Y, et al.: Biomat., 34, 2683 (2013); Koren, E. et al.: J. Control. Rel., 160, 264 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Cholenic Acid-3β-ol is a bile acid of which the metabolism in humans results in the primary bile acids lithocholic acid and chenodeoxycholic. It is found in hgher concentrations in meconium of premature human babies when compared to full term babies.<br>References Tohma, M., et al.: Steroids, 44, 47 (1984); Kok, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 256, 6155 (1981); Back, P., et al: Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fuer Physiologische Chemie, 354, 83 (1973); Javitt, N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem,, 261, 12486 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Δ5-Avenasterol is an analog of Stigmasterol (S686750); a plant sterol that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of progesterone.<br>References Han, P., et al.: Biotechnol. App. Biochem., 54, 105 (2009); Matsunaga, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 393, 222 (2009); Huang, C., et al.: Plant Physiol., 150, 1192 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Muricholic Acid is an bile acid found in urine. Studies have linked α-Muricholic in the understanding of the complex signaling pathways of hepatic lipid abnormalities with type 2 diabetes and a treatment target for this condition.<br>References Haeusier, R.A., et al.: Cell. Metabolism., 15, 65 (2012); Chen, K.H., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 301, E853 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is used in the study of the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on diacylglycerol phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. It is also a possible protein kinase C activator.<br>References MacDonald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 1575 (1988); Massayoshi, G., et al.: BBRC, 144, 598 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bodipy C12-Ceramide is a fluorescent substrate used for enzyme assays.<br>References Arbeloa, T.L., et al.: Chem. Phys. Lett., 299, 315 (1999); Drummen, G.P.C., et al.: Free Radical Biol. Med., 33, 473 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Lecithin has emulsification and lubricant properties, and is a surfactant.<br>References Shah, D.: J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 37, 744 (1971); Scholfield, C.: J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 58, 889 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-​Oleoyl-​1-​stearoyl-​sn-​glycero-​3-​phosphocholine is used in the assembly of various supported lipid bilayers.<br>References Wu, H-L., et al.: J. Chem. Phys., 144, 154904/1-154904/9 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Deoxy-18-hydroxycorticosterone is an analog of Corticosterone (C695700); a glucocorticoid and intermediate in the biosynthesis of Aldosterone (A514700) which is an adrenocortical steroid isolated from the adrenal cortex.<br>References Schmidt, M., et al.: Endocrinol., 150, 2709 (2009); Bailey, M., et al.: J. Immunol., 182, 7888 (2009); Brunton, P., et al.: J. Neurosci., 29, 6449 (2009); Pruett, S., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 109, 265 (2009)<br></p>