Vitamins

<p>Applications A metabolite of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Cserhati, T., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 22, 25 (2000), Dilger, K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 1532 (2007), Buchwald, P., et al.: Steroids, 73, 193 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Auraptene is a natural bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether. Auraptene has shown a remarkable effect in the prevention of degenerative diseases.<br>References Brunhofer, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 669 (2012); Furukawa, Y., et al.: Int. J. Mole. Sci., 13, 5338 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications GW3965 Hydrochloride, is a potent, selective liver X receptor (LXR) agonist for hLXRα and hLXR. GW3965 has shown potent anti-inflammatory activity in both irritant and allergic contact models of dermatitis, requiring the participation of both LXRα and LXRβ.<br>References Fowler, A.J., et. al.: J. Invest. Dermatol., 120, 246 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Vitamin D3 (V676045) analog.<br>References Roy, A., et al.: Steroids, 60, 530 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Vitamin D5 is used in the synthetic preparation of 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D5 a promising chemopreventive agent for breast cancer.<br>References Moriarty, R.M., Albinescu, D.: J. Org. Chem., 70, 7624 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled d3; 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-dioxo-2-methylnaphthalene-d3; (Vitamin K3), precursor to various types of Vitamin K. Used as a micronutrient for livestock and pet foods.<br>References Sakamoto, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2955 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Hu, W., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 398, 245 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A cell-permeable, selective and irreversible PPARγ antagonist (IC50 = 3.3 nM, 32 nM, and 2 µM for PPARγ, PPARα, and PPARδ, respectively). Reported to covalently modify a cysteine residue in the binding site of PPAR. At a concentration of 10 µM, also acts as an agonist of human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Does not activate liver X receptor-a (LXRa), retinoic acid receptor (RAR), retinoid X receptor-a (RXRa) and thyroid receptors a and b (TRa and TRb<br>References Huang, J.T., et al.: Nature, 400, 378 (1999), Wilson, T.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 527 (2000), Leesnitzer, L.M., et al.: Biochemistry, 41, 6640 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic Acid Trisodium Salt is a long-lasting vitamin C derivative used in studies of gene repression. Maximizes the benefical properties of vitamins C for personal care and a main active ingredient in medicated cosmetics for whitening. Also, it is substrate in the chromoamperometric method to detect tungsten in water.<br>References Fuchihata, M.: Frag. J., 43, 64-68 (2015); Alvarado-Gamez, A. L., et al.: Sens., 15, 2232-2243 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Used as a treatment for severe acne. Presently being studied in conjuction with the treatment of photoaged skin.<br>References Lerche, C., et al.: Exp. Dermatol., 17, 972 (2008), Sato, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 7705 (2008), Gan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 690 (2009), Macejova, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 184, 114 (2009), Chen, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 234, 143 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature and Light Sensitive<br>Applications 3-Aminopropyl-24,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 is a derivative of Vitamin D3 (V676045), an important factor in maintaining bone health, and has also been associated with cardiovascular health in humans.<br>References Dawson-Hughes, B., et al.: 16, 713 (2005); Lee, J., et al: J. Am. Coll. Cardio., 52, 1949 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications (24S)-24,25-Epoxycholesterol is a derivative of 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol (H917980), a metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol restores plasmalogen levels in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). Plasmalogen may play a role in protecting animal cells against photosensitized killing.<br>References Zoeller, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 11590 (1988); Zoeller, R., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 283, H671 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications AC 55649 is a potent and selective RARβ2 receptor agonist (1). RARβ2 receptor agonists are potential drug candidates for developing treatment for type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis (2).<br>References (1) Lund, B. W., et al.: J Med Chem. 48, 7517 (2005) (2) Trasino, S. E., et al.: Diabetes Obes Metab. 18, 142 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications The epimer metabolite of Calcifediol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (C125700).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sakaki, T., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 267, 6158 (2000), Kamao, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1463 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications CDDO Imidozolide (CDDO-Im) is a synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im inhibits fatty acid synthase expression and has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in human liposarcoma cells. Studies show that CDDO-Im is highly active in suppressing cellular proliferation of human leukemia and breast cancer cell lines as well as being an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of other types of cancers.<br>References Hughes, D.T. et al.: Cancer Invest., 26, 118 (2008); Place, A.E. et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 9, 2798 (2003); Samudio, I. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 36273 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, which is primarily sourced from leafy green vegetables, and is also synthesized by gut microbiota. Its mode of action involves functioning as a crucial cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues on proteins required for blood coagulation. This modification enables the calcium-binding capacity of these proteins, facilitating essential physiological processes such as coagulation, bone metabolism, and vascular biology.</p>

<p>Tachysterol is a sterol derivative that serves as a vitamin D analog, primarily sourced from the photochemical isomerization of ergosterol or lumisterol. Tachysterol undergoes further conversion processes to become active vitamin D metabolites that play crucial roles in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Though not biologically active in its original form, tachysterol is a precursor in the metabolic pathway, with conversion into active forms such as calcitriol occurring in the body.</p>

<p>Calcipotriol monohydrate, a Vitamin D3 analog, binds well to the vitamin D receptor, used in psoriasis research.</p>

<p>Gamma-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E, which is a lipid-soluble antioxidant sourced predominantly from certain plant oils, including palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto seeds. It possesses an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain, which differentiates it from tocopherols and contributes to its differing biological activities.</p>

<p>Maxacalcitol (22-Oxacalcitriol) is a ligand of VDR-like receptors and a non-serum calcium vitamin D3 analogue.</p>

<p>Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin B7. Biotin is an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases in mammalian cells, which play key roles in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids (Zempleni, 2014). Biotin is also used in biochemistry in affinity purification of proteins in the biotin-avidin and biotin-streptavidin systems. Herein, free biotin is used in the elution step to release the recombinant protein from the resin (Diamandis and Christopoulos, 1991).Remainder of the material is maltodextrin.</p>

<p>Beta-Tocotrienol is a biochemical compound that belongs to the vitamin E family. It is derived from sources such as palm oil, rice bran, and certain cereal grains. This compound exhibits its mode of action through the modulation of oxidative stress pathways and inhibition of certain enzymes involved in cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis, which differentiates it from other tocopherols.</p>

<p>β-Tocopherol is a type of product known as a naturally occurring form of vitamin E, which is a crucial lipid-soluble antioxidant. This compound is sourced primarily from plant-based oils, such as those derived from nuts, seeds, and vegetables. As an antioxidant, β-Tocopherol plays a pivotal role in the biological systems by scavenging free radicals. It interrupts the propagation of free radical chain reactions, thereby protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. This is achieved through the donation of hydrogen atoms, which neutralize harmful free radicals.</p>

<p>Riboflavin-2,4,4α,10α-13C4-1,3-15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled form of riboflavin, which is a type of vitamin B2 molecule. This compound is synthesized with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes, providing a distinct mass that enables precise tracking in metabolic studies. The source of this compound is derived from isotopically enriched materials, employing advanced chemical synthesis processes to incorporate stable isotopes into the riboflavin structure without altering its fundamental biochemical properties.</p>

<p>alpha-Tocotrienol is a chemical compound known as a vitamin E isoform, which is derived primarily from certain plant oils, such as palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto. This compound exhibits a unique unsaturated side chain, distinguishing it from tocopherols and enabling it to integrate into cellular membranes with greater efficiency.</p>

<p>Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be obtained from some fish, mushrooms, and dairy products. The most common form of the vitamin is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) which can be converted in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) and in the kidneys to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 has been shown to have a positive effect on calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It also has important physiological functions such as regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The solubility of vitamin D3 is dependent on the presence of a hydroxy group at position 3' or 25'. This liquid chromatography method uses an experimental solubility data set for the determination of solubility data for compounds with a hydroxy group at position 3'.</p>

<p>5-Ethyl-3-methyllumiflavinium perchlorate is an organic compound that serves as a specialized biochemical reagent. It is synthetically derived, typically from the modification of flavin structures, which are known for their versatile roles in biological systems. The compound's unique configuration allows it to interact with various enzymes and proteins, often acting as an electron mediator due to its lumiflavinium core.</p>

<p>Other vitamins and their derivatives, nesoi</p>

<p>Unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, nesoi</p>

<p>Edible preparations, not canned or frozen, not containing cane and/or beet sugar, nesoi</p>

<p>Coloring matter of vegetable or animal origin</p>

<p>Vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin and related compounds with vitamin b12 activity) and its derivatives</p>

<p>Vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin and related compounds with vitamin b12 activity) and its derivatives</p>

<p>Other vitamins and their derivatives, nesoi</p>