Nucleosides

Coenzyme A trilithium salt is a synthetic cofactor that is used in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. It is membrane permeable and has minimal toxicity, making it an attractive candidate for treating hepatic steatosis. Coenzyme A trilithium salt also activates human mitochondrial beta-oxidation by increasing the availability of substrate and enhancing the expression of genes involved in beta-oxidation. This molecule has been shown to be effective in improving the symptoms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) by stimulating creatine kinase activity and suppressing lysosomal accumulation of long chain fatty acids.

3'-O-Methyladenosine (3'OMeA) is a monomethylated adenosine that belongs to the group of nucleosides. It has been found to inhibit the activity of adenosine receptors, which are important for the regulation of blood pressure and central nervous system function. 3'OMeA also inhibits virus replication in human lymphocytes. 3'OMeA is synthesized by reaction with methylamine and purification by column chromatography. The molecule is a potential therapeutic target for HIV/AIDS, as it can be used as a specific agonist in order to block viral entry into cells.

guanosine 5'-monophosphate calcium salt is a dietary supplement that contains calcium carbonate and guanosine 5'-monophosphate. This product is a light-exposed supplement that contains phenolic acids, polycarboxylic acids, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. It is used to maintain ATP levels in the body. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate calcium salt should not be taken by people with a history of kidney stones or those taking other supplements containing calcium. This product may contain preservatives, excipients, or pharmaceutical ingredients for potency and stability purposes.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methyluridine is a nucleoside analog that is a modified version of uridine, where the sugar (deoxyribose) has a fluoro modification at the 2' position and a methyl group is attached at the 5' position of the uracil base.

Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate triethylammonium salt serves as a donor of sulfate groups in biochemical processes, such as in the synthesis of sulfate esters. The triethylammonium salt form improves the solubility and stability of the compound, making it useful in laboratory applications involving enzymatic assays and the synthesis of sulfated biomolecules.

2'-O-methyluridine is an antiviral nucleoside that is used as a phosphoramidite in the synthesis of oligonucleotides. It has been shown to inhibit viral replication, and has been found to be effective in treating HIV-1 by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. N3-Methyl-2'-O-methyluridine also inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. This modified nucleoside has been synthesized from uracil and contains a methyl group at the 3' position. The methyl group prevents 2'-O-methyluridine from being activated by cellular thymidylate synthase, which normally converts deoxyribonucleotides into ribonucleotides. This novel nucleotide has not yet been used in clinical trials but it may provide an alternative to other drugs used for cancer treatments.

Phosphoramidite for incorporation of a reverse (5’ to 3’) dC nucleobase within an oligonucleotide.

5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Cl-dC) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the action of thymidylate synthase. It can be used in animal models to study bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 5-Cl-dC has been shown to be effective in treating the effects of radiation and chemical toxicity in HL60 cells, a type of human leukemia cell line. 5-Cl-dC has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of eosinophil peroxidase, which is an enzyme that may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. This drug is currently being evaluated for its safety and efficacy in clinical trials involving patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia who are at risk for developing leukemia.

5'-O-MMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is a novel anticancer drug that is modified from the natural nucleoside thymidine. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase, preventing DNA synthesis and replication. It also inhibits viral DNA replication, including HIV and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). 5'-O-MMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite has antiviral properties against HIV and HSV-1. This nucleoside is synthesized by reacting 5'-O-methyl cytidylic acid with an activated phosphite in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane. The product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization from acetonitrile.

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-2-thiouridine is a nucleoside analog that has been modified to have antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, which is involved in DNA synthesis. 3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-2-thiouridine has been used successfully as an antiviral agent against HIV and other viruses, and as an anticancer agent against leukemia. The monophosphate form of this drug has been shown to inhibit DNA replication in vitro.

N2-DMF-guanosine is a novel antiviral agent that has been synthesized by modifying the nucleoside guanosine. It is an analog of guanosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group has been replaced with a 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro group, and it inhibits viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. N2-DMF-guanosine is also used as a high quality deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate for the synthesis of ribonucleosides and nucleosides. This compound has a CAS number of 6074-37-4.

3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine is a nucleoside that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is a novel chemical compound with a unique structure, which makes it highly reactive. 3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine induces DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in cancer cells. It also inhibits the production of viral DNA and RNA in infected cells by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. 3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine can be used as an antiviral agent against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).

7-Deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine is a purine nucleoside that is synthesized from guanosine and iodine. It is used as a marker in sequencing reactions because it can be easily detected by UV light at 254 nm. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine can be synthesized using the following general equation:

2-Thiocytidine is a nucleoside that is an intermediate in the synthesis of thiamine. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of prostate cancer cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. 2-Thiocytidine binds to the catalytic site of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and inhibits the enzyme's activity, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. This drug also has been shown to inhibit crosslinking caused by UV light or other agents that generate reactive oxygen species. 2-Thiocytidine binds to the active site of RR and prevents the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. This binding prevents reduction of ribose into ribonucleotides and inhibits DNA synthesis.