Nucleosides

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-adenosine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to adenosine. It is synthesized by the phosphoramidite approach and can be used as an activator for RNA synthesis. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-adenosine has shown anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, which may be due to its ability to inhibit RNA synthesis and DNA replication.

3'-O-Azidomethyl 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-O-triphosphate sodium salt is a nucleoside that inhibits the replication of DNA and RNA. It has antiviral activity against influenza A and herpes simplex virus, as well as anticancer activity.

3',5'-Diamino-3',5'-dideoxyadenosine (3,5-ddA) is a nucleoside that has been shown to be an efficient inhibitor of HIV replication in vitro. It has been used for the treatment of AIDS, but it is not yet approved for this use. 3,5-ddA inhibits the conversion of dATP to dTTP and prevents DNA synthesis by blocking the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. The drug can be synthesized with high efficiency by using a modified nucleoside amidite approach.

5'-O-DMT-3'-O-hexylphthalimido-5-methyluridine is an activated nucleoside phosphoramidite for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is a building block for various nucleic acid analogues and has been shown to have antiviral and anticancer properties. 5'-O-DMT-3'-O-hexylphthalimido-5-methyluridine is also known as N6 -(2,4,6 trimethoxybenzoyl) adenosine or 5'-O-(2,4,6 triisopropoxybenzoyl)-adenosine (TIBA) and is used in the laboratory to produce oligonucleotides with modified sugar groups. This product has been shown to be effective against a number of cancer cell lines and has potential use in chemotherapy.

5'-O-DMT-3'-O-hexylphthalimidouridine is an antiviral and anticancer agent that is a nucleoside analog. It inhibits viral replication by preventing the production of RNA, which is necessary for the synthesis of DNA. It also prevents the proliferation of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by inhibiting DNA synthesis. 5'-O-DMT-3'-O-hexylphthalimidouridine is a monophosphate that has been modified to form a phosphoramidite. The synthesized product was purified to high purity and quality with a novel structure.

5-Azauridine is a nucleoside that is synthesized from uridine. It inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase. This enzyme converts orotic acid to orotidine 5′-monophosphate, which is a precursor for the synthesis of pyrimidines and purines. 5-Azauridine has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on leukemia cells in tissue culture and also has been shown to inhibit leukemic mice with an efficacy of 50%. This drug may be useful for the treatment of solid tumours as it inhibits protein synthesis.

A 5'-3’ “reverse” (or “inverse”) amidites

2'-Deoxy-4'-ethynyl-2-fluoroadenosine (EFdA) is an analog of adenosine. EFdA is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, and has been shown to be effective against other viruses such as influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. EFdA was the first nucleoside analog to show antiviral activity in tissue culture against these viruses. This drug also inhibits the synthesis of mitochondrial rRNA and reduces the formation of mitochondrial DNA in human cells by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ. EFdA also prevents the binding of monoclonal antibodies to human B lymphocytes, which may be due to its steric interactions with plasma RNA. This drug is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C8 and 2C9 into a variety of metabolites that are excreted in urine as glucuronides or sulfates. EFdA has a long

5'-O-Tosylthymidine is a bifunctional reagent that is used in the synthesis of DNA. It is a nucleophilic, inorganic compound that reacts with the electrophilic acrylonitrile group on 5'-hydroxythymidine to form a stable thiophosphate linkage. The reaction takes place stepwise and is catalyzed by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. This product has been used as an antimetabolite in medicine, mainly for treating leukemia.

N2-Benzoylguanosine is a nucleotide derivative that is formed by the acetylation of guanosine. It has been shown to act as a buffer in alkaline solutions and isomerizes to its n-oxide form when heated. N2-Benzoylguanosine reacts with peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, glyoxal, and organic peroxides, forming hydroperoxide intermediates that can be converted into other products. The acidic hydrolysis of N2-benzoylguanosine yields the corresponding 6-benzoyladenosines. It has been shown to enhance the activity of uridine in inhibiting bacterial growth, while also acting as an inhibitor of viral RNA synthesis. This compound also reacts with nitrous acid to form an n6-benzoyladenosine derivative that inhibits the formation of RNA chains during transcription.

2′,3′,5′-Tri-O-acetylinosine is a protected form of the nucleoside inosine, with potential for use in the preparation of modified nucleotides and nucleoside analogs.

Spacer-C3 Cep is a novel modified nucleoside phosphoramidite. It has been chemically modified with a spacer arm and 3-Cep (1,2-diaminoethane). Spacer-C3 Cep is an activator for DNA polymerases, which are enzymes that synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleosides. The modified nucleoside phosphoramidite has antiviral and anticancer activities. It can be used in the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides for gene therapy or as a monophosphate for the preparation of DNA probes. Spacer-C3 Cep can also be used to synthesize ribonucleotide analogs that inhibit viral replication by inhibiting RNA synthesis.

5-Methyl-L-uridine is an antiviral drug which belongs to a class of compounds called nucleoside analogues. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as for prevention of hepatitis A and B. 5-Methyl-L-uridine inhibits the virus by turning off the production of viral DNA and RNA, through interactions with the virus's polymerase chain reaction process. This drug also prevents protein synthesis in cells infected with viruses such as HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1, and influenza A virus. 5-Methyl-L-uridine is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, uridine monophosphate, by enzymes in the liver. The cytotoxic effects of 5-methyluridine on cancer cells have been shown to be due to inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and repair pathways.

Guanylyl-3',5'-guanosine ammonium salt is a novel antiviral agent that has high antiviral activity against influenza A virus. It is a guanine derivative which has been modified to include an aminopropyl group and an ammonium cation. This compound also acts as an activator for deoxyribonucleosides, nucleotides, and ribonucleosides. Guanylyl-3',5'-guanosine ammonium salt may be used in the manufacture of DNA, RNA, and phosphoramidites. This compound also has anticancer effects by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis.

Ribavirin triphosphate is the biologically active metabolite of antiviral nucleoside analog ribavirin. In cells, the prodrug ribavirin gets triphosphorylated and in it inhibits viral RNA polymerases, interfering with the synthesis of newly formed RNA.

3′-Guanylic acid disodium is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral replication and tumor growth. It is an antiviral agent that is active against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, as well as cytomegalovirus. 3′-Guanylic acid disodium is also an anticancer agent that has shown promising results in animal models of glioma, lymphoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. The molecule inhibits the synthesis of DNA by competitively inhibiting the action of ribonucleotide reductase. 3′-Guanylic acid disodium also inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. This drug has been shown to have a high purity and quality with no detectable impurities or contaminants.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium is a nucleotide that is involved in the energy metabolism of cells. It has been shown to inhibit oxidative injury and to activate signal pathways in response to external stimuli, such as glucose deprivation. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium can be synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenosine kinase.

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2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine is a nucleoside that contains an adenine base. It has been studied for its biological properties, including its reaction with solution and its use as an antimicrobial agent. 2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine has been shown to inhibit the growth of bowel disease in mice by binding to the adenosine A3 receptor on the surface of cells. This nucleoside also binds to nuclear DNA and may be used as a pharmacological agent, but more research is needed to determine whether it would be effective against cancer cells. 2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine may also be useful as a potential drug target for the treatment of cancer due to its ability to bind with dna duplexes, which are found in all cancer cells.