Beta Blockers

<p>Applications Bivalirudin 1-11 Fragment is an impurity of Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor acting as an anticoagulant through inhibition of the enzyme thrombin.<br>References Bertrand, O. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 599 (2012); Patti, G. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 478 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy Flecainide is an analogue of Flecainide (F390000).<br>References Blom, Y., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 653, 138 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Chloro-3-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-2-propanol, is an impurity of Pindolol (P468000), a mixed β-adrenergic blocker and serotonin 5HT1A-receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic; antiglaucoma.<br>References Dreshfield, L.J., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 21, 557 (1996), Perez, V., et al.: Lancet, 349, 1594 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aprindine is a long-acting antiarrhythmic agent, effective when administered orally or intravenously in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias of varying etiologies.<br>References Danilo, P. Jr., et al.: Am. Heart. J., 97, 119 (1979); Atarashi, H., et al.: Circulation. J., 66, 553 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-2'-Methylpropranolol Hydrochloride, is an impurity of Nadolol (N201050), a β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal.<br>References Dreyfuss, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 300 (1977); Sibley, P.L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44, 379 (1978); Slusarek, L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 455 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Propranolol.<br>References Otton, S., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 751 (1990), Fujita, S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 264, 226 (1993), Bichara, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 112 (1996), Tasaki, T., et al.: J. Biochem., 123, 162 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A new known impurity of Carvedilol (C184625), published in Carvedilol USP monograph.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin 2-Hydroxy Lactone<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br></p>

<p>Applications Rosuvastatin Methyl Ester is an impurity of Rosuvastatin (R700500) in the pharmaceutical dosage forms under forced degradation conditions.<br>References Lennernas, H., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 32, 403 (1997), Kivisto, K., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 49 (1998), Lan, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, 540 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications De(2,3-dihydroxy) Nadolol Hydrochloride is an impurity of Nadolol (N201050), a β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal.<br>References Dreyfuss, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 300 (1977); Sibley, P.L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44, 379 (1978); Slusarek, L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 455 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Cardevilol is an impurity of Carvedilol (C184625).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Atorvastatin (A791750) impurity.<br>References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the antihypertensive agent, Labetalol (L096500).<br>References Gal, J., et al.: Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 62, 3 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Carvedilol (C184625) derivative.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Nebivolol intermediate.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Betaxolol is the R-isomer of Betaxolol (B328000), a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker (1,2,3). It is also an antihypertensive and antiglaucoma agent (4).<br>References (1) Bickel, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 32, 669 (1980)(2) Cadigan, P.J., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 9, 569 (1980) (3) Pathe, M., et al.: Therapie, 37, 75 (1982)(4) Panchal, V. S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci. Pharmacol. 2, 21 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class II); antianginal; antiglaucoma agent.<br>References Wasson, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 651 (1972), Franciosa, et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 13, 138 (1972), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 17, 38 (1979), Rofman, B.A., et al.: Hypertension, 2, 643 (1980), Mazzo, D.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 641 (1987),<br></p>

<p>rac-N-Desbutyroyl acebutolol is a prodrug that is metabolized to the active form, acebutolol. The metabolism of rac-N-desbutyroyl acebutolol is mediated through cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, specifically CYP2D6. Rac-N-desbutyroyl acebutolol has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in vitro and in vivo. It has also been shown to have therapeutic effects on diabetic patients with high levels of fatty acids in their blood. Rac-N-desbutyroyl acebutolol has also been found to be effective for the treatment of patients with polycarboxylic acid exposure and dna replication diseases.</p>