Natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics

<p>Applications An inactive metabolite of Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Shinabarger, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 2132 (1997), Wynalda, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1014 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloramphenicol-d5, is the labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol (C325030), which has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also antibacterial, and antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in the manufacturing of Cephalosporin compounds.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibio., 50, 279 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefalotin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Deacetylcephalothin (Cefalotin EP Impurity B) is an intermediate and the free acid analogue of Deacetylcephalothin Sodium Salt (D198210), which is an impurity in the synthesis of Cefalonium (C236800) and an analog of Cephalothin (C261150) a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used as a long-acting intramammary cerate for infusion of dairy cows.<br>References Shibata, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 50, 135 (1997); Farra, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 31, 427 (2008); Pichardo, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 30, 289 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of Spiramycin I in meat, fish, and milk.<br>References Nakazawa, S., et al.: J. Antibiot., 20, 259 (1967), Rubinstein, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 572 (1998), Rourick, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 14, 1743 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity H/ Erythromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications N-Demethyl-N-formylclarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity H) is an impurity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (C559750).<br>References Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Pseudomonic Acid C, is the analogue of Pseudomonic Acid D (P839520) which is an antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens.<br>References Banks, R.M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 609 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Malmborg, A.-S., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 591 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Amoxicillin dimer tri-Sodium Salt (penicilloic acid form) is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a β-lactam family antibiotic that is commonly used in conjunction with clavulanic acid (C56370) to the treat bacterial infections.<br>References Gurwith, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 24, 716 (1983); Kumar, A., et al.: J. Mater. Chem., 20, 10152 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Semisynthetic Erythromycin derivative. Antibacterial.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983), Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986), Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-4’-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Gryaznova, N.S. et al.: Curr. Chemother. Immunother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., 12, 984 (1982); Subbotina, N.A. et al.: Antibiotiki, 24, 590 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Cefdinir Related Compound A Sodium Salt<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (2(R)-2-[(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido]-2-[(2RS,5RS)-5-methyl-7-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]acetic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Cefdinir (C242670), a Cephalosporin antibiotic structurally similar to Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Homoharringtonine (HHT) combined with some botanical drugs could induce cancer cells to resemble normal cells. HHT was prepared by a semi-synthetic method from Cephalotaxine, a major alkaloid of Cepahlotaxus species through the formation of α-ketoester harringtonine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Baaske, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 12, 298 (1977), Tipping, A., et al.: Leukemia, 16, 2349 (2002), Marin, D., et al.: Cancer, 103, 1850 (2005), Levy, V., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 95, 253 (2006), de Lavallade, H., et al.: Blood, 2779 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Lovastatin (Simvastatin EP Impurity E) is an antihypercholesterolemic agent. A fungal metabolite, which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Bilheimer, D.W., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 4124 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Florfenicol (F405750) intermediate as antibacterial agent.<br>References Kim, E, et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 665, (1996), Keyes, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 421 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, related to sisomicin. Antibacterial.<br>References Miller, G.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 10, 827 (1976), Raab, W., et al.: Adv. Clin. Pharmacol., 15, 91 (1978), Noone, P., et al.: Drugs, 27, 548 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aztreonam intermediate.<br>References Indelicato, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 75, 304 (1986), Kline, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 8, 73 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxicillin Closed-loop Dimer is a dimer of Amoxicillin(A634528) which is an antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Delactamimipenem Monosodium is an impurity found in imipenem (I465200).<br>References Ratcliffe, R.W., et. al.: J. Org. Chem., 54, 653 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled N-Demethyl Rifampicin (D231250). N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Retapamulin is an antibacterial agent used as a substitute for the more commonly known Penicillin (P223505).<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Dunham, J.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 249 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Oxide (Azithromycin EP Impurity L) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefalexin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Δ2-Cephalexin (Cefalexin EP Impurity F) is an isomeric impurity of the semi-synthetic antibiotic Cephalexin (C256800).<br>References Marincel, J. et al.: Acta Pharmacol Jugo., 38, 35 (1988); Hendrix, C. et al.: Arck. Pharm., 327, 215 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Antibacterial.A representative lot contains d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, and d9.<br>References Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970), Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972), Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Tobramycin (T524000(P)), which is a single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius; antibacterial.<br>References Brandl, M. et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 18, 1423 (1992); Murase, M. et al.: Prog. Antimicrob. Anticancer Chemother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., 6, 1098 (1970); Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970); Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972); Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Selamectin Impurity B<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 22,23-Didehydro Selamectin is an impurity of Selamectin (S247990) which is a topical parasiticide. Selamectin (S247990) is also used as a veterinary antihelminithic agent on animals.<br>References Eshar, D., et al.: J. Am. Veterin. Med. Association., 241, 1056 (2012); Geis-Asteggiante, L., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 1258, 43 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Amikacin EP impurity G including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cephalosporin impurity is an industrial by-product that is generated during the production of cephalosporins. It is a white powder that has no known toxicological effects. Cephalosporin impurity can be used as a supplement in inoculated soil to increase the yield of cephalosporium, which is a fungus that produces cephalosporins.</p>

<p>(S)-5-((tert-Butylamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one is a drug product with CAS No. 1215006-08-8, which is a metabolite of Fluoxetine. It is an impurity standard for Fluoxetine and has been used as a reference compound in metabolism studies. (S)-5-((tert-Butylamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one is also an analytical reagent that can be used to calibrate HPLC systems.</p>

<p>(R)-3-(3-Fluoro-4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl methansulfonate is a Custom synthesis, drug product, Metabolite, Synthetic, Drug development, Impurity standard, Metabolism studies, API impurity, Natural, pharmacopoeia, analytical and HPLC standard. It is CAS No. 174649-09-3.</p>

<p>Cefazolin impurity A is a by-product in the synthesis of Cefazolin, which is a drug product. It has CAS No. 30246-33-4 and is used as an impurity standard for analytical purposes. The Impurity Standard is also known as Metabolite A. Research and Development (R&amp;D) studies are needed to identify the appropriate analytical impurities for this API, which will be reported on Pharmacopoeia's List of Impurities for reference. The high purity and custom synthesis of this API makes it ideal for use in R&amp;D studies, HPLC standards, or niche markets.<br>CAS No.: 30246-33-4<br>Synonyms: Metabolite A<br>Formula: C11H14N2O5S <br>Molecular weight: 289.24 g/mol <br>Appearance: white solid powder</p>

<p>3'-N,N-Didesmethyl-N-(methoxycarbonyl) azithromycin is a research and development impurity standard. It is synthesized by reacting 3-desacetylazithromycin with methoxycarbonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. This product has been tested for purity by HPLC. CAS No. 16892-65-2</p>

<p>3-N-didesmethyl-3-N-tosyl azithromycin is an impurity of azithromycin. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in methanol and acetone, but insoluble in water. 3-N-didesmethylazithromycin has been shown to be a metabolite of azithromycin, which can be found as an impurity in the drug product.</p>

<p>Erythromycin impurity N is a natural metabolite of erythromycin. It is a metabolite of erythromycin that has been identified in the metabolism studies of this drug product. Erythromycin impurity N is an analytical standard for use in pharmaceutical research and development, as well as in the pharmacopoeia. The CAS number for this compound is 527-56-8.</p>

<p>Aztreonam impurity D is a metabolite of aztreonam. Aztreonam impurity D is an impurity standard for the pharmacopoeia and API industry, as well as for drug development and research. It has been shown that this compound inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch-clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Aztreonam impurity D also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.</p>

<p>Clarithromycin EP Impurity K is an impurity standard for Clarithromycin in the form of a crystalline white powder. It is a synthetic compound which has been used as a drug product and as an analytical standard. This compound can be synthesized from erythromycin A, but it is not active against bacteria. Clarithromycin EP Impurity K has been shown to have metabolite properties in animals and humans, including metabolism studies with HPLC standards.</p>

<p>Cefadroxil is a cephalosporin antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections. Cefadroxil is metabolized into cefadroxil dimer, an impurity found in the drug product. The impurity standard for cefadroxil dimer was developed by HPLC and has been tested for use as a reference material and can be used in metabolism studies. This impurity standard has been shown to have a purity of 98%.</p>

<p>3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one is an impurity in the drug development process. It is used as a standard for HPLC testing and a synthetic intermediate. It has been shown to have niche use in the pharmaceutical industry. 3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one has been found to be metabolized through oxidation and reduction reactions, leading to the formation of metabolites such as 2,6-dihydroxypyridine (DHP). Further metabolism studies are required for this substance.</p>

<p>N-tert-butyl-N-(((S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide (CAS 1215006-11, API impurity) is a synthetic compound from the drug development process. This impurity has been identified in the natural product and is not an active ingredient. It is found as a Metabolite in the pharmacopoeia and analytical methods. This substance is used for research and development of drugs, such as for standardizing HPLC.</p>

<p>N-(((5R)-3-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl)acetamide (LFMAPO) is an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the active site of bacterial DNA gyrase. LFMAPO has a molecular weight of 552.2 Da and a log P value of 2.6. It was synthesized from acetamide, 3-fluoroaniline, and 4-(4-morpholinyl)benzaldehyde in 60% yield using techniques such as millimolar stoichiometry, electrophoresis method, binding constants, and molecular modeling study. The drug also has chiral properties with two stereocenters at carbons C1 and C5 that have been shown to be important for the activity of this compound against Gram positive bacteria.</p>