Quinones and Derivatives

<p>Applications Phenprocoumon is known for being an oral anti-coagulant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kohl, C. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 28, 161 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications (αE)-α-[(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-β-oxo-1-piperidinepropanenitrile is an impurity of Entacapone (E558500), a peripherally acting inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters and related drugs. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Precursor to the semiquinone free radical of Etoposide, believed to inactivate φX174 DNA.<br>References Kagan, V., et al.: Biochem., 33, 9651 (1994), Gantchev, T., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 422 (1998), Fan, Y., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 20, 1067 (2007), Alegria, A., et al.: Free Rad. Res., 42, 70 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol is a widely used reagent in the synthesis of various drugs, dyes and pesticides. A reagent in the synthesis of aggrecanase-2 inhibitors based on acylthiosemicarbazide zinc-binding, used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.<br>References Arora, P. et al.: Microb. Cell Fact., 11, 150 (2012); Maingot, L. et al.: Eur. J. Med. CHem., 69, 244 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-2-Cyano-3-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide is an impurity of Entacapone (E558500), a peripherally acting inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters and related drugs. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Benzoyl Chloride. Used in the manufacturing of dye intermediates.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Lubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid metabolite analog of Prostaglandin E1. It activates specific chloride channels in the gastrointestinal tract to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion, increase gastrointestinal transit, and improve symptoms of constipation.<br>References Farthing, M., et al.: Drugs, 56, 11 (1998), Pare, P., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96, 3130 (2001), Sloots, C., et al.: Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 16, 759 (2002), Coremans, G., et al.: Digestion, 67, 82 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-7-Hydroxywarfarin is the S-enantiomer of the 7-hydroxyl metabolite of Warfarin (W498500). (S)-7-Hydroxy Warfarin was present at levels 7-folds higher in chimeric mice with humanized liver (than that in controlled mice) following (S)-Warfarin metabolism.<br>References Wong, Y.W.J. et al.: Pharm. Res., 6, 982 (1989); O'Reilly, R.A. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 51, 656 (1992); Inoue, T. et al: Drug Metab. Dispos. 36, 2429 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenprocoumon-d5, is the labeled analogue of Phenprocoumon (P318820), known for being an oral anti-coagulant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kohl, C. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 28, 161 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of cis-Entacapone, the (Z)-Isomer of Entacapone (E558500) polymorphic form B. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,6-Triacetylphloroglucinol (cas# 2161-87-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes β and γ. Antiacne.<br>References Griffiths, C.E.M., et al.: J. Invest. Dermatol., 101, 325 (1993), Bernard, B.A., et al.: Skin Pharmacol., 6, 61 (1993), Waugh, J., et al.: Drugs, 64, 1465 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone-d5 is deuterium labelled of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone (D451780), which is a metabolite of Benzophenone (B204980). Benzophenone can be used to synthesize antihistamines, hypnotics and insecticides.<br>References Li, M.H., et al.: Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 94, 566 (2012); Leon, Z.. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 831 (2010); Bechard, K., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 90, 310 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A vitamin K antagonist with anticoagulant applications<br>References Streiff, M., et al.: Am. J. Hematol., 81, 684 (2006), Vilar, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 1118 (2006), Tavassoli, N., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 63, 221 (2007), Bodin, L., et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 6, 1436 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications A substituted naphthoquinones as insecticides and acaricides.<br>References Bhuyan, B., et al.: Cancer., Res., 37, 1057 (1977), Buffinton, G., et al.: Biochem. J., 257, 561 (1989), Hakura, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 7, 559 (1994), , Shimizu, N., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 168 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Methyl mycophenolate impurity E is a reactive, propargylamine-containing, monosodium salt with immunosuppressive properties. It is used in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting the production of white blood cells, which are needed to fight infection. Methyl mycophenolate impurity E has shown antitumor activity and can be used for the treatment of some types of cancer. It is metabolized in vivo to methyl mycophenolate and inhibits protein synthesis by alkylating DNA.</p>

<p>Mycophenolic acid lactone (MPA) is an analytical standard for HPLC, used as a reference material in drug development. It is also a metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid, which are used to treat immunodeficiency disorders. MPA is not active by itself but it can be converted into the active form, mycophenolic acid, by esterases. MPA has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities and can inhibit the production of prostaglandins in animals. Mycophenolic acid lactone is a metabolite of drugs that are used for the treatment of immunodeficiency disorders, such as mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid. The chemical structure of MPA is closely related to that of these drugs and it has been shown to have similar anti-inflammatory properties in animal studies.</p>

<p>Triacetyl aloe-emodin (impurity A) is an impurity found in the Triacetyl Aloe-Emodin HPLC standard, which is a drug product. It is not approved for use as a drug and should be used only for research and development purposes. The impurity can be custom synthesized or purchased from a specialty chemical supplier. Impurities are not typically found in the final drug product but can occur during synthesis or purification of the API. This impurity is not present in any pharmacopoeia and has no known biological activity. The CAS number of this impurity is 25395-11-3.</p>

<p>Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC50=679 nM) with specificity.</p>

<p>Ellipticine is a powerful cancer drug with different actions, IC50: 0.27-1.48 μM for leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma.</p>

<p>Des[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl] mitoxantrone is a research and development impurity standard for synthesis. It is a synthetic, high purity compound with a CAS number of 89991-52-6. The chemical is not found in nature and does not have any natural metabolites. Des[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl] mitoxantrone has been shown to be metabolized by the liver into various metabolites that have been identified through analysis of urine samples. The metabolite of des[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl] mitoxantrone may be used as an analytical standard for HPLC methods.</p>

<p>Flurochloridone (R 40244) is a selective herbicide. Flurochloridone induces apoptosis and is regulated by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses.</p>

<p>Hydroquinone monobenzoate, used in skin lightening and photography, may inhibit topoisomerase II and damage DNA.</p>

<p>Ethacridine acts as an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and functions as an activator of transcriptional coactivators. It induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells and promotes the differentiation of thyroid follicular cells.</p>

<p>Phacolysine is a chemical compound. Phacolysine is used in ophthalmologic eye lotions.</p>

<p>Hexazinone: a triazine herbicide blocks photosynthesis by binding to D-1 protein in photosystem II.</p>

<p>Ametoctradin is a Qo-site inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory complex III and is used in the study of oomycete diseases.</p>

<p>Fluroxypyr is an herbicide in the class of synthetic auxins that is used to control broadleaf weeds and woody brush.</p>

<p>Tetrabromobisphenol A is an activator of the hepatic interferon pathway in rats.</p>

<p>Talaporfin, an effective tumor localizer, can produce the selective degradation of tumor tissue following light exposure.</p>

<p>Aminaftone, a derivative of 4-aminobenzoic acid, inhibits endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and can be used to study hypertension and systemic sclerosis.</p>

<p>Fluindione is a hematologic drug.</p>

<p>Mequindox is an antimicrobial agent [1]. Mequindox, as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, induces genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in mice [2].</p>

<p>Flupyrimin is the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist [1].</p>

<p>Naftazone: vasoprotectant for hemostasis; boosts vein cell growth in vitro without affecting clotting.</p>

<p>Epirubicin, a doxorubicin derivative, is an antineoplastic, inhibits topoisomerase, DNA/RNA synthesis, and Foxp3, reducing T cell activity.</p>

<p>Gnidimacrin activates latent HIV-1, kills infected cells, and inhibits R5 viruses at &lt;10 pM.</p>

<p>Piroxantrone (CI942; PD111815) is an anthrapyrazole antibiotic that disrupts DNA replication and repair, with limited cardiotoxicity and antineoplastic range.</p>

<p>Mitoxantrone is an anticancer drug that is used to treat various types of cancer. Mitoxantrone is a prodrug, which means it needs to be metabolized by the body to become active. The main metabolic pathway for mitoxantrone involves hydrolysis of the 2-hydroxyethyl piperazine impurity and formation of N-desmethylmitoxantrone, which is a metabolite that has been found to be more potent than the parent compound in inhibiting DNA synthesis. This impurity standard is used as a reference substance for quality control purposes during drug development. Mitoxantrone can also be synthesized with high purity and custom synthesis services are available upon request.</p>

<p>CUR61414 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling pathway (IC50 =100-200 nM) and selectively binds to smoothened (Ki = 44 nM).</p>

<p>Duocarmycin: DNA-binding, alkylating anticancer agent with a curved indole structure, used in ADCs.</p>

<p>Galaxolide can induce estrogenic activity (Estrogen Receptor/ERR), oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. It also stimulates the enzymatic activities of EROD and GST (Glutathione S-transferase).</p>

<p>Corannulene is an agonist of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It induces a lower cytotoxic response in liver cancer cells compared to Benzo[a]pyrene and shows potential for use in cancer research.</p>

<p>Tembotrione is a chemical compound that may reduce the productivity of carrots. It possesses activity that degrades the quality of carrot stems. Additionally, Tembotrione can be used in studies focusing on the overall productivity of carrot cultivation.</p>