Free Radicals and Oxidant/Reducing Agents

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 2-Keto-L-gulonic Acid is used in biological studies for the formation of sorbitol metabolism by Acetobacter melanogenus.
References Okazaki, H., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 33, 207 (1969)

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications γ-Glu-Cys is used in biological studies for the detection of thiols in yeast by HPLC coupled with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry after derivatization with p-(hydroxymercuri)benzoate.
References Rao, Y., et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 58, 3 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N Trifluoroacetate Salt is the labelled disodium salt derivative of Glutathione (G597951), a tripeptide thiol (composed of L-Cysteine [C995015], Glycine [G615990] and Glutamate) that is found in all cells, possesses an important role in metabolism and protects against reactive oxygen species in the body.
References Cooper, A. & Kristal, B.: Biol. Chem., 378, 793 (1997); Meister, A.: Science, 220, 472 (1983);

Applications Edaravone D5 is the labelled compound of Edaravone(E335000). synthesized and used for relative quant. anal. of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry (MS). Edaravone inhibits the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels, which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, reducing the consumption of SOD, reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion. It also shows protective effects against STZ-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and altered protein expressions. Its acts like a free radical scavenger, decreased apoptotic cell death, oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, and angiogene
References Zhang, Ping, et al.: Anal. Biochem., 418, 1(2011)

Applications Ascorbic Acid Acetonide (cas# 15042-01-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.
References Shibayama, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 72, 1015 (2008), Choi, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2079 (2009),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A biomarker for fatty liver disease.
References Tsou, P.-S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 329, 649 (2009), Yu, Y-C., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 1884 (2009),

Applications Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N Disodium Salt, is the labelled disodium salt derivative of Glutathione (G597951), a tripeptide thiol (composed of L-Cysteine [C995015], Glycine [G615990] and Glutamate) that is found in all cells, possesses an important role in metabolism and protects against reactive oxygen species in the body.
References Cooper, A. & Kristal, B.: Biol. Chem., 378, 793 (1997); Meister, A.: Science, 220, 472 (1983);

Applications 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic Acid Trisodium Salt is a long-lasting vitamin C derivative used in studies of gene repression. Maximizes the benefical properties of vitamins C for personal care and a main active ingredient in medicated cosmetics for whitening. Also, it is substrate in the chromoamperometric method to detect tungsten in water.
References Fuchihata, M.: Frag. J., 43, 64-68 (2015); Alvarado-Gamez, A. L., et al.: Sens., 15, 2232-2243 (2015);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Glutathione may decrease the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-18), neutrophils in lung tissue and increase the level of serum Ca2+ and be useful for the treatment of ANP. Glutathione production is regulated via distinct pathways in stressed and non-stressed cortical neurons. This compound has neuroprotective properties.
References Misko, T., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 273, 15646 (1998), Nakamura, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 34402 (2001) , Burdo, J., et al.: Brain Res. 1189, 12 (2008).

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications A glutathione derivative as inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase.
References Dirr, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 196, 693 (1991), Oakley, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 274, 84 (1997), Alcaro, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 3371 (2005),

Applications The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid.
References Moubasher, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 176, 633 (1948), Sy, K., et al.: J. Food Prot., 68, 1176 (2005), Llorach, R., et al.: Food Chem., 2008, 108, 1028 (2008),