Sulfonamides and Derivatives

<p>Ibuprofen EP impurity H is an impurity of ibuprofen. It is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 182-184°C and a molecular weight of 253.3. Ibuprofen EP impurity H can be synthesized in high purity by reacting 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of triethylamine. This impurity has been used as a standard for drug product analysis, pharmacopoeia standards, drug development, and metabolism studies. Ibuprofen EP impurity H can be identified by HPLC using a retention time of 17.2 minutes and an UV absorption maximum at 254 nm.</p>

<p>Torasemide EP Impurity C is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard in the metabolism studies of torasemide. Torasemide EP Impurity C belongs to the group of metabolites, and it has been shown to have pharmacopoeia standards. Torasemide EP Impurity C can be found in natural products, but also synthesized in laboratories.</p>

<p>Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the propionic acid derivative group. It is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain and inflammation, such as arthritis. Aceclofenac is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the small intestine, resulting in the release of aceclofenac acid. Aceclofenac benzyl ester is a chemical intermediate that has been shown to be an efficient method for producing aceclofenac acid. It can be obtained by reacting bromoacetic anhydride with methyl alcohol and then hydrolyzing the product with strong acids. This compound may contain impurities, such as nucleophilic impurities, which can lead to side effects.</p>

<p>3-[4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl] sulfasalazine is an analytical standard and a metabolite of sulfasalazine. It is used as a reference compound in the analysis of high purity sulfasalazine by HPLC. 3-[4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl] sulfasalazine is also used as an impurity in the drug product, API, and drug development. The CAS number for 3-[4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl] sulfasalazine is 1391062-34-2.</p>

<p>4-(Acetylamino)-3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform. It has an analytical standard purity of 99% or greater. This compound can be used for research and development purposes as well as for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The impurity profile of 4-(acetylamino)-3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride includes 3-acetylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfite, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, and potassium citrate.</p>

<p>Hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide that inhibits the activity of the enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. It also has antihypertensive effects by blocking the production of aldosterone, which causes sodium retention and leads to high blood pressure. It is a byproduct in reactions with substances such as valsartan. Hydrochlorothiazide may react chemically with other medicines such as ampicillin and cefaclor.</p>

<p>The N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide (HPPA) is a synthetic drug that binds to the human liver. It has been shown to be effective in preventing implantation of fertilized eggs, and can be used as a diagnostic agent for determining the presence of HPPA in human liver tissue. HPPA is also used as a diluent for other drugs. The HPPA binds to chromatographic components and can be detected using electrochemical detection, which allows it to be used as a targetable probe for cancer research. HPPA is also used to study iontophoretic transport of ions across reconstituted membranes in vitro.</p>

<p>2-(4-(Benzylamino)-2-ethylbutyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one hydrochloride is a drug product used as an analytical standard for HPLC. It is a natural metabolite from the metabolism of lisinopril and other prodrugs. This impurity is found in drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes including lisinopril, captopril, enalapril and benazepril. The impurity may be present in drugs with a niche market such as captopril and benazepril or drugs with a high purity such as enalapril. 2-(4-(Benzylamino)-2-ethylbutyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one hydrochloride is typically synthesized by the reaction of 4-(benzylamino</p>

<p>2-[[4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl]azo]hydroxybenzene is an impurity found in sulfasalazine. It is a metabolite that is formed by the P450 system in the liver. The metabolic process of 2-[[4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl]azo]hydroxybenzene has been studied in detail and has been shown to be a major contributor to the pharmacokinetic profile of sulfasalazine. This substance also exhibits antimicrobial activity and inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-N-2-pyridinyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1dioxide is a drug product that is used as an analytical reference material. It is a white to pale yellow powder that is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 343.4 g/mol. The compound has been used for the development of drugs with therapeutic potential against cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. The following are some of the impurities that may be found in 4-hydroxy-N-2-pyridinyl-2H--1,2--benzothiazine--3--carboxamide--1,1dioxide: CAS No.: 65897 - 46 - 3 Molecular weight: 343.4 g/mol Melting point: Boiling point: Density: 1.7 g/cm</p>

<p>2- (Diethylboryl)pyridine is a custom synthesis drug product that is used in research and development for the treatment of cancer. 2- (Diethylboryl)pyridine has been shown to be active against various types of cancer cells, including leukemia, breast, prostate, ovarian, gastric and pancreatic cancers. This compound can also be used as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-5-[2-[4-[[(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]diazenyl]benzoic acid is a synthetic drug product that has not been approved for clinical use. 2-Hydroxy-5-[2-[4-[[(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]- diazenyl]benzoic acid is a metabolite of the drug product, 3-(2,4,6,-trimethoxybenzoyl)-1-(pyridinium methyl) piperidine. This metabolite was isolated and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl zonisamide is a drug that is used in the treatment of epilepsy. It has a broad spectrum of activity and has been shown to be effective against seizures caused by both genetic and acquired conditions. N-Acetyl zonisamide's mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it may involve inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, modulation of serotonergic systems, and antagonism at adenosine receptors. Zonisamide also binds to glutamate and dopamine receptors in the brain, which may contribute to its clinical effects.</p>

<p>4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine is a nucleophilic, anticoagulant drug. It interacts with the electronegative oxygen atoms in the guanine base of dna to form an adduct, which inhibits DNA synthesis. The hexameric cavity of 4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine contains boron and nitrogen atoms, which are important for its activity. 4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine also has antibacterial effects against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. This compound is synthetic and can be used in cocrystallized form as a single molecule or in hexameric form.</p>

<p>4-Amino-6-chloro-benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid 1-amide 3-ethylamide is an analytical standard that is used in drug development and as a reference material. It is used to produce the USP/NF standard for HPLC and to develop new drugs. This compound is a metabolite of the drug clonidine hydrochloride. 4-Amino-6-chloro-benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid 1-amide 3-(ethylamide) is also known by its CAS number 166863–9. It has a molecular weight of 328.5 g/mol and it's been approved by the FDA for use in food animals. Impurities found in this compound are: methanol, acetone, formic acid, acetic acid, chloroform and sulfamic acid. This product can be custom synthesized or obtained from natural sources such as plant</p>

<p>Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Meloxicam also inhibits the production of Cox-2, which is an enzyme that produces inflammation in joints. The oral route of administration allows meloxicam to be distributed through the body. This drug is not active against ankylosing spondylitis and it should not be taken by pregnant women or children under 12 years old.</p>

<p>Saccharin is a drug product that consists of saccharin N-isopropyl ester and an impurity standard. Saccharin is a synthetic sweetener that is found in the leaves of the herbaceous perennial S. dulcis, which has been used as a natural sweetener for centuries. Saccharin can be metabolized by humans to form 2-acetic acid and 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole (MTT) as a byproduct. The metabolite MTT may cause cancer in animals, but this has not been confirmed in humans. The pharmacopoeia specifies the purity of saccharin as 98% or greater. Metabolite standards are also provided for research purposes.</p>

<p>Ibuprofen amide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the class of amides. It is an analog of ibuprofen, which has a hydrochloride group in place of the carboxyl group. Ibuprofen amide inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory chemicals by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes, which are responsible for synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The kinetic profile of this compound was obtained using fluorescence spectroscopy. This analytical method also showed that ibuprofen amide hydrolyzes in acidic conditions, suggesting that it may be active against bacteria that are found in an acidic environment.</p>

Hydroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It has also shown the activity of anti-hypertensive.

Licogliflozin (LIK066) is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1 and SGLT2).

Pyroxasulfone is a pre-emergence herbicide that inhibits long-chain fatty acid production in plants.

Altizide is a thiazide diuretic. It is used to treat oedema and hypertension.

<p>Mefruside is a diuretic indicated for the treatment of edema and hypertension.</p>

<p>3-Chloro-4-hydroxyacetanilide is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of acetanilides. It has long-term toxicity and is used as a drug substance in the production of aniline derivatives. 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyacetanilide has been shown to be carcinogenic in hamsters. The long term exposure to this chemical was shown to cause liver damage and increased incidence of tumours in rats. This drug also contains impurities and traces of chloride, chlorine, and thionyl chloride, which are toxic substances that can cause irritation or burns on contact with skin or eyes.</p>

<p>Xipamide (Diurexan) is a sulfonamide-based diuretic with antihypertensive properties. Xipamide selectively inhibits anion exchanger.</p>

Glibornuride is a blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channel(pKi: 5.75).

<p>Brodimoprim is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR).</p>

Vaborbactam (RPX7009) is a β-lactamase inhibitor that is often used in conjunction with meropenem to study pneumonia and CRE infections.

Amtolmetin guacil (ST-679) 抑制前列腺素合成和环氧合酶。 Amtolmetin guacil 具有与托美汀类似的 NSAID 特性，具有额外的镇痛、解热和胃保护特性。

Foramsulfuron is a potent ALS inhibitor and herbicide that inhibits plant growth, primarily targeting grass and broadleaf weeds in corn fields.

<p>Bromfenac Related Compound A is a chemical impurity, which is often encountered during the synthesis and formulation of bromfenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This compound arises as a byproduct in the chemical synthetic pathway utilized in the production of bromfenac, necessitating stringent analytical methods to ensure product purity and compliance with pharmaceutical standards.The mode of action for Bromfenac Related Compound A itself is not typically characterized, as it is primarily the parent compound, bromfenac, that is pharmacologically active. Bromfenac works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) that mediate inflammatory processes. However, the related compound is investigated to understand the synthesis intricacies and to refine processes that limit its formation.Understanding and controlling the levels of Bromfenac Related Compound A is crucial in pharmaceutical applications, as the presence of impurities can affect the efficacy, safety, and overall quality of the drug product. Analytical chemists and pharmaceutical scientists study this compound extensively using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to ensure drug safety and compliance with regulatory guidelines.</p>

<p>Tribenuron, a slow acting sulfonylurea herbicide, controls broadleaf weed.</p>