Sulfonamides and Derivatives

<p>Impurity Acetazolamide EP Impurity E<br>Applications 5-(Acetylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonic Acid is an impurity of Acetazolamide (A161500). (Acetazolamide EP impurity E)<br>References Zarghi, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 169 (2002), Subbarao, D., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 67, 841 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ibuprofen EP Impurity N<br>Applications p-Ethylhydratropic Acid (Ibuprofen EP Impurity N) is a phenylacetic acid with potential antiinflammatory activities. p-Ethylhydratropic Acid is an impurity of Ibuprofen (I140000).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ibuprofen EP Impurity F<br>Applications 3-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid (Ibuprofen EP Impurity F) is an impurity of Ibuprofen (I140000). Ibuprofen impurity F as per EP.<br>References Haikala, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 456 (1991), Zhao, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 72, 302 (2000), Kucera, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, 609 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Oxomefruside is a lactone metabolite and impurity of the drug Mefruside (M205150).<br>References Puetter, J., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects, 286, 186 (1972).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bumetanide Impurity<br>Applications Bumetanide 3-(Butyl(nitroso)amino) is an impurity of Bumetanide(B689550). Bumetanide is a diuretic.<br>References Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 28, 426 (1984), Gradeen, C.Y, et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 123 (1990), Tata, P.N.V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 22, 107 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Ibuprofen Methyl Ester is a phototoxic, photoproduct of Ibuprofen (I140000), a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (IC50=14.9uM). Inhibits PGH synthase-1 and PGH synthase-2 with comparable potency. Ibuprofen is also used as an anti-inflammatory drug.<br>References Miranda, M.A., et. al.: Toxicol. In Vitro, 5, 451 (1991); Busson, M., et al.: J. Int. Med Res., 14, 53 (1986); Meade, E.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6610 (1993); Davies, N.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 34, 101 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Quininone has been shown to have antimalarial activity in mice. Quininone has been shown to aid the binding of drug-induced antibodies to human platelets.<br>References Klayman, D.L., et. al.: J. Med. Chem., 16, 1042 (1973); Christie, D.J., et. al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 104, 730 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aceclofenac EP Impurity E<br>Applications Aceclofenac Ethyl Ester is a 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetoxyacetyl derivative used as an anti-inflammmatory and analgesic agent. Aceclofenac EP Impurity E.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yscla, A., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 14, 491 (1988), Ballesteros, R., et al.: Clin. Trials J., 27, 12 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Hydroxy Etodolac is an Etodolac (E933100) metabolite.<br>References Humber, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 32, 2582 (1989), Koupai-Abyazani, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 23, 200 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Paracetamol Mercapturate is a metabolite of Acetaminophen (A161220) (1,2). Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. It can also be used in biological study of urinary antihypertensive drug metabolite screening using molecular networking coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry fragmentation.<br>References (1) Trettin, A., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B., 963, 105 (2014) (2) Pickering, G., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 90, 707 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxyclozanide, an anthelmintic drug displays strong in vivo and vitro activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus and Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecium.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rajamuthiah, R., et al.: PLOS ONE, 10, 1-19 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Isobutylbenzoic Acid is used in the studies for the identification of the degradation products and potential impurities in Ibuprofen. 4-Isobutylbenzoic Acid is also applied in the determination of related substances in dexibuprofen using HPLC.<br>References Dondoni, A., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Pratica, 41, 237 (1986); Xie, L., et al.: Zhongguo Yaoshi, 19, 1088 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triflusulfuron-methyl, is a widely used sulfonylurea herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Song, N., et al.: Huanjing Kexue, 33, 4400 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetaminophen Dimer-d6 is deuterium labeled Acetaminophen Dimer (A161235). Acetaminophen Dimer is an oxidatively couple dimer of Acetaminaphen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1). Acetaminophen Dimer along with other p-acetamidophenol analogs were used to determine peroxidase activities (2,3).<br>References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Potter, D.W. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 29, 155 (1986)(3) Shiga, M. et al.: Anal. Sci., 11, 195 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ibuprofen EP Impurity C<br>Applications An impurity of Ibuprofen (I140000).<br>References Haikala, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 456 (1991), Sochor, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 13, 899 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Impurity of Gliclazide (G409875).<br>References Hisashi, M., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 8, 117 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Sulfadoxine (S699070). Used as an antibacterial.<br>References Kapoor, V.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 571 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Nimesulide EP Impurity A<br>Applications 4',6'-Dinitro-2'-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide, is an impurity of the drug Nimesulide (N477500), which is an antiinflammatory agent. Preferentially inhibits COX-2 over COX-1. Suppresses chemical-induced carcinogenesis in mice and rats. Inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pairet, M., et al.: Inflamm. Res., 47, S93 (1998), Fukutake, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 19, 1939 (1998), Okajima., E., et al.: Cancer Res., 58, 3028 (1998), Azab, A., et al.: Life Sci., 63, 323 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ibuprofen EP Impurity M<br>Applications A potential precursor of Ibuprofen and Naproxen. Antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Williams, K., et al.: Pharm. Ther., 46, 273 (1990), Evans, A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 42, 237 (1992), Tucker, G., et al.: Lancet, 355, 1085 (2000), Tan, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 32, 683 (2002), Fura, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 513 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Trimethoprim (T795615) with inhibitory effects on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.<br>References Kompis, I. et al.: Enzyme Inhib. Proc. Meet., 177 (1980); Hess, S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 25, 531 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xipamide is a diuretic and antihypertensive agent.<br>References Wagieh, N., et al.: Drug Test. Anal., 2, 113 (2010), Prado-Prado, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 2225 (2010), Dresen, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2425 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desbutyl-N-(2-ethylhexyl) Bumetanide is an analogue of the diuretic, Bumetanide (B689550).<br>References Petzinger, E. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 265, G942 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ibuprofen Isopropyl Ester is a prodrug of Ibuprofen (I140000). It might improve topical delivery of ibuprofen.<br>References Bansal, A., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 20, 2025 (1994); Bansal, A., et al.: Indian J. Exp. Bio., 39, 280 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory with long half-life. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Clinically useful NSAID.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Carty, T.J., et al.: Prostaglandins, 47, 55 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 22, 165 (1981), Mihalic, M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 509 (1986), Laneauville., O., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 271, 927 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Gliquidone is an anti diabetic agent used in the treatment of hypoglycemia which leads to an increased risk in diabetic cardiovascular disease. Also used in the treatment diabetic nephropathy.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tan, Z. et al.: Chinese Med. J., 127, 1298 (2014); Ke, J, et al.: J. Endocrinol., 220, 129 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Furosemide EP Impurity E<br>Applications 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic Acid (Furosemide EP Impurity E) is a di-halogenated benzoic acid derivative and an intermediate in the synthesis of spirodiclofen (S682990), a tetronic acid acaricide fungicide used in controlling red mites.<br>References Cho, Y.C., et al.: FEMS. MIcrobiol. Ecol., 42, 51 (2002); Corbella, M.E., et al.: Biodegradation., 12, 149 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methoxy Acetaminophen is a metabolite of Acetaminophen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2,3).<br>References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Fairbrother, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 1 (1974) (3) Hinson, J.A., et al.: Rev. Biochem. Toxicol., 2, 103 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the group of carboxylic acid esters. It has been approved for the treatment of pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other conditions. Piroxicam is available in tablets, capsules, injectable solutions, and topical creams. The pharmacokinetics of piroxicam have been studied using intravenous and oral administration in healthy volunteers. Tolerability and side effects are minimal with piroxicam.</p>

<p>Acetaminophen acetate is a cholinergic amine that binds to the active site of the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, preventing it from breaking down acetylcholine. Acetaminophen is used as a pain reliever and antipyretic agent. It is also used for its anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Acetaminophen has been shown to have anticancer properties, which may be due to its ability to bind to cancer cells, inhibit their growth, and induce apoptosis. Acetaminophen acetate is also an acylation reaction product that can be isolated by liquid chromatography in phase with fluorescence properties.</p>

<p>2-[4-(2-Methylpropanoyl)phenyl] propanoic acid is a pharmaceutical intermediate that is used for the production of carprofen. It has been found to be an analytical method for the determination of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-isobutylacetophenone. The compound is analyzed by chromatographic methods and electrophoresis methods. The optimization of the solvent composition, flow rate, and impurities during the synthesis process are also studied in this research. 2-[4-(2-Methylpropanoyl)phenyl] propanoic acid has been found to be a meaningful validation of analytical methods for medicines, with an impurity limit of 0.1%.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl sulfadoxine is a drug that is used to treat urinary tract infections in women and children. It is also used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, lungs, and joints. N4-Acetyl sulfadoxine may be effective against prostatitis caused by E. coli or Mycoplasma pneumoniae by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. This drug works by binding to dihydropteroate synthase, which prevents folic acid from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester 1,1-dioxide (4HMBC) is an organic compound that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals. 4HMBC is used to produce xylene, sulfoxide and diethyl ether by reacting with magnesium and ethylene. It is also used in the production of dimethylformamide, a solvent that is useful for the manufacture of many products including pharmaceuticals. 4HMBC reacts with methyl iodide to form 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine which can be used for the synthesis of piroxicam. The chemical has been shown to be effective as an insecticide against ants and cockroaches. It can also be used to synthesize dyes or pigments. The chemical can be obtained by methylating 4HBC with methanol in the presence</p>

<p>3-[[p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl]azo]salicylic acid is a chemical compound that is an impurity standard for HPLC. It is also used as a pharmacopoeia, drug development, and analytical reference standard. The CAS number for this compound is 66364-71-4. This compound has been shown to be metabolized by microsomal oxidation, glucuronidation, or sulfation pathways in humans. 3-[[p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl]azo]salicylic acid can also be found in natural sources such as plants and animals.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-disazobenzoate hydrochloride is a drug product that is used as an HPLC standard and as a metabolite in the development of drugs. It has been found to be naturally occurring and is a research and development metabolite. Methyl 2-disazobenzoate hydrochloride is also an impurity of API, which can be quantified in analytical studies. It is a synthetic compound with CAS No. 35358-78-2 and it can be used to manufacture high purity pharmaceuticals. Methyl 2-disazobenzoate hydrochloride has been shown to have niche pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory activities.</p>

Methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-(2H)-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate-1,1-dioxide is a centrosymmetric molecule with an aspergillus flavus conformation. It is an acetanilide derivative that has been shown to be an effective antioxidant and medicine for the treatment of cancer. This product is also used in the production of hydrogen bonds and linkers in organic synthesis. The yields are high and it can be oriented during irradiation.

<p>Aceclofenac methyl ester is an analgesic that belongs to the arylpropionic acid derivatives. It has been developed for the treatment of acute pain. Aceclofenac methyl ester has a structural formula of CH3CO-O-CH3 and a molecular weight of 164.2 g/mol. Aceclofenac is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes, which are located in the liver and other organs, to form acetic acid and 5-hydroxyaceclofenac. The reaction time is approximately 1 hour and tetrahydrofuranyl (THF) is used as a nucleophile in this reaction. This product can be synthesized by reacting ethyl acetate with acetonitrile in high yield, making it stable and anhydrous. The analgesic effects of aceclofenac methyl ester are due to its ability to block the transmission of pain signals from nerves to the brain at the spinal cord level</p>

<p>N-Methyl zonisamide is a drug that is an impurity in Zonisamide. It is an analog of the drug and has been used as a research and development standard for Zonisamide. N-Methyl zonisamide can be synthesized from the corresponding nitrobenzene, aminobenzene, and formaldehyde. The synthesis can be performed by converting nitrobenzene to aminobenzene with sodium hydroxide in methanol, followed by conversion to N-methyl zonisamide with formaldehyde in ethanol. Pharmacopoeia standards for this compound are available from Sigma Aldrich, which can be purchased from our website.</p>

<p>3-Oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole-2(3H)-acetic acid ethyl ester 1,1-dioxide is an impurity in the synthesis of a drug. It is not active and has no known therapeutic value. 3-Oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole-2(3H)-acetic acid ethyl ester 1,1-dioxide is used as a reference standard for HPLC and has been shown to be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.</p>

<p>Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea drug that is used to treat type 2 diabetes. The impurity F, which is an impurity standard, can be synthesized by reacting 1-chloro-2,6-difluoroaniline with sodium methoxide in methanol. It is also an API impurity found in the synthesis of gliclazide and can be custom synthesized for research and development purposes. Gliclazide impurity F has a CAS number of 1076198-18-9 and the molecular formula C8H4ClF3NOS. This product has a purity of &gt;99% and is classified as synthetic. It has been shown to have pharmacopoeia activity and can also be used for niche applications such as drug development.</p>