Botanical Source

Genistein, the major phytoestrogen in soy, is linked to diminished female reproductive performance and to cancer chemoprevention and decreased adipose deposition; genistein-induces hypermethylation persisted into adulthood, decreases ectopic Agouti expression and protecting offspring from obesity, suggests that in utero dietary genistein affects gene expression and alters susceptibility to obesity in adulthood by permanently altering the epigenome.

Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins, it inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Catechin gallate (IC50=53 microM) shows cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116, it also exhibits strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Catechin 3-gallate is a good inhibitor of maltase, with IC50 values of 62 uM, it inhibits both α-glucosidases and rabbit glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in vitro and in cell culture, would contribute to the protection or improvement of type 2 diabetes.

Chrysosplenetin is a metabolic inhibitor of artemisinin, it has strong activity in vitro against EV71 with low cytotoxicity. Co-administration of artemisinin(ART) with chrysosplenetin(CHR) in ratio of 1:2 achieved a synergic anti-malarial effect partly because of the noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition of CHR of drug-metabolism enzymes, especially CYP3A which is closely related to the auto-induction of ART.