Botanical Source

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the root of Panax ginseng. This product is an integral part of traditional medicine and is now being extensively studied in modern pharmacological research. As a ginsenoside, Rg3 exerts its effects primarily by modulating cellular pathways, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Isoacteoside is a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., which is an anti-inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoacteoside is also reported as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimers disease. The memory-improving mechanism of isoacteoside involves reducing amyloid β peptide deposition and amyloid β cytotoxicity by inhibiting amyloid β oligomerization through the catechol moiety. This promotes amyloid β degradation and reversing cortical cholinergic dysfunction, which includes the inhibition of AChE activity (Young-Ji, 2017).

Isoliquiritin apioside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a compound derived from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza species). It exhibits a range of biological activities by influencing various cellular and molecular pathways, often involving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These effects are primarily mediated through its interaction with cellular signaling cascades, potentially modulating gene expression and enzyme activity.

Rebaudioside E is a high-intensity sweetener, which is a glycoside derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant. This particular compound is among the numerous steviol glycosides present in stevia leaves, extracted through water or alcohol-based extraction and subsequent purification processes. Its mode of action involves binding to the sweet taste receptors on the tongue, similar to other intense sweeteners, yet it provides sweetness without caloric input.

(R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 is a naturally occurring bioactive compound derived from the roots of the Panax ginseng plant. It is classified as a saponin, known for its significant pharmacological potential. The source of (R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 lies in the ginsenosides, specific triterpenoid saponins found in ginseng, which have been extensively studied for their health-promoting properties.

Pectolinarin is a flavonoid compound that can be classified as a natural bioactive molecule, which is derived primarily from specific plant sources, particularly within the Asteraceae family. This compound exhibits a range of biochemical activities through its mode of action as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively scavenges free radicals and inhibits inflammatory pathways, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses at the cellular level.

Quercetin 3-O-(4''-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside is a specialized flavonoid glycoside, which is a derivative of the flavonoid quercetin. It is primarily sourced from various plant species known for their high flavonoid content. The compound is characterized by its unique glycosylation pattern, where an acetyl group is esterified to the 4'' position of the rhamnose moiety.