Metal Salts

<p>Applications Potassium Biphthalate is used as buffer solution.<br>References Mussini, P., et al.: Pure Appl. Chem., 69, 1007 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye, is a very common chemical reagent. It is a strong base used in industrial chemical applications. Used in the textile, food and medicinal industries. Its ability to digest tissues allows for analysis of various effects of pharmaceutical agents in rodent tissue.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McMillan, A. et al.: Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 488 (1918); Nymul, K. et al.: J. Chem. Eng., 24, 35 (2006); Gilbert, D. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 361 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Potassium Cyanide, a reagent widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of nitriles and carboxylic acids, particularly in the von Richter reaction.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kollenz, G. et al.: Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 12, 244 (1980); Subramanian, L. R.: Sci. Synth., 19, 173 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium 2-nitrophenolate (cas# 824-39-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyruvic Acid-13C2 is an intermediate in synthesizing L-Lactic Acid-d3 Sodium Salt (L113503), a labelled sodium salt of L-Lactic Acid (L113500). L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals. The lactic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity. L-(+)-Lactic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.<br>References Wenzel, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 21, 53 (2001); Martinez., et al.: Development, 6, 851 (2002); Nakayama, K., et al.: J. Biochem., 146, 757 (2009); Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 109, 24 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate (cas# 66905-23-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Calcium phenylpyruvate (cas# 51828-93-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled analog of α-D-Galactose 1-Phosphate, the phosphate conjugate of α-D-Galactose (G155260), a natural aldohexose which is ubiquitous in bacteria, plants, and animals, including human brains.<br>References Sang, J.L., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 7932 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Difluoromethylthioacetic Acid Potassium Salt is a reagent used in the preparation of oxacephem antibiotics.<br>References Tsuji, T. et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 466 (1985):<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium Bisulfite has been used as an additive used in the food and beverage industry. It is used to preserve apparent freshness. Used as a common general reagent in reduction reactions.<br>References W. Wright. et al.: Am. review Resp. Dis., 141, 1400 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Aminobenzenesulfinic Acid is an analogue of 4-Acetamidobenzenesulfinic Acid a component in the preparation of Cyanine dyes.<br>References Kim, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 27, 51 (2002), Santelli-Rouvier, C., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 39, 735 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Corrosive, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Sodium Ethoxide is used as a catalyst in the transesterification of fish oil to produce fatty acid ethyl esters using ultrasonic energy.<br> E0<br>References Armenta, R.E., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 84, 1045 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Lead(IV) acetate is most commonly used in synthetic chemistry as an oxidizing agent, and is a versatile precursor for lead-containing compounds. Lead(IV) acetate is a toxic substance to humans, and is also known to induce oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in rats.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Newairy, A., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 47, 813 (2009); Rahman, S. &amp; Sultana, S.: Chem.-Biol. Int., 160, 61 (2006); Yadav, R.: Synlett, 2012, 1262 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Potassium phloroglucinol carboxylate is a fine chemical that can be used as a versatile building block, complex compound, research chemical, reagent, speciality chemical and useful intermediate. It is also a useful scaffold for the synthesis of other compounds. Potassium phloroglucinol carboxylate has been shown to react with a wide variety of functional groups and has been used in the preparation of new compounds. The CAS number for potassium phloroglucinol carboxylate is 91313-55-2.</p>

<p>Dipotassium 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulphonate is a drug that binds to basic proteins and inhibits the activity of the enzyme spermatocyte meiosis. It has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of male infertility, which have shown improved sperm motility and reduced sperm abnormalities. The drug also has an effect on the cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, but these effects are dependent on radiation therapy. Dipotassium 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulphonate slows down the growth of ALL cells by binding to their receptors and blocking DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>Bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid sodium is a synthetic compound that has been used as an antibiotic. It is a nitro group donor and may be oxidized to p-nitrophenol phosphate. Bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid sodium inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which prevents protein synthesis and cell division. The rate constant of this reaction has been determined using x-ray diffraction data obtained on crystals of the product with signal peptide. Bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid sodium also has biochemical properties, such as pyrazinoic acid formation and polymerase chain reactions, which have been reported in recombinant cytochrome P450s from rat liver microsomes. The disulfide bond coordination geometry and mechanism of the reaction are still unknown but it is thought that the reaction proceeds through a single electron transfer mechanism.</p>

<p>Sulbenicillin sodium is an acylation reaction of sulbenicillin, a natural antibiotic produced by the bacterium Serratia marcescens. It has been used in the treatment of opportunistic fungal infections and as an alternative to penicillin for the treatment of nervous system diseases. This drug is used to diagnose microbial infections and infectious diseases, and also shows serological activity. Sulbenicillin sodium is not active against gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.</p>

<p>6b-Hydroxy-7a-(thiomethyl) spironolactone is a drug that is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile. It has been found to be safe and effective for the treatment of ascites due to cirrhosis. The pharmacokinetics of 6b-hydroxy-7a-(thiomethyl) spironolactone are linear, with a plasma elimination rate of 0.3 mg/kg/h. The elimination half-life for 6b-hydroxy-7a-(thiomethyl) spironolactone is about 3 hours. 6b-Hydroxy-7a-(thiomethyl) spironolactone has been found to be eliminated from the body at a constant rate, regardless of age, gender or weight. The population studied was healthy adult males who ingested 6b-hydroxy-7a-(thiometh</p>

<p>Lithium iron phosphate is a chemical compound with the empirical formula LiFePO4. It is a lithium-containing salt that is used as an additive in the production of glass, paper, and steel. Lithium iron phosphate is prepared by mixing lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, and iron(III) oxide together at high temperature. The reaction mechanism consists of three steps: hydrolysis, formation of lithium phosphate (Li3PO4), and precipitation of FePO4. The particle size distribution was found to be dependent on the reaction time. A model system was developed to study the effect of sodium carbonate on the thermal decomposition process. The activation energies for reactions between Li3PO4 and Na2CO3 were found to be 33 kJ/mol for the endothermic reaction and 13 kJ/mol for the exothermic reaction. Lithium iron phosphate has been investigated as an electrode material for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments because it has a low electronic</p>

<p>L-Tyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormones and catalyzes the conversion of iodide to iodine. It also converts 3-iodo-l-tyrosine to thyroxine. L-Tyrosine is used in vitro assays as an inhibitor of diiodination, a process that involves the use of hydrogen peroxide and produces iodinating agents such as 3-iodo-l-tyrosine. L-Tyrosine has been shown to inhibit peroxidase activity mediated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. This inhibition may be due to its ability to act as an antioxidant.</p>

<p>Zinc methionine sulfate is a dietary supplement that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. It is not clear how zinc methionine sulfate works, but it may improve biochemical abnormalities and antibody response in animals. Zinc methionine sulfate also has the ability to bind to urea nitrogen and metal ions, which may help prevent bacterial translocation. This product also acts as a phosphatase inhibitor and a fatty acid reductase inhibitor.</p>

<p>Sodium cholate anhydrous is a surfactant that prevents the formation of insoluble polymer in bowel disease. It has been shown to have anticancer effects on cancer tissues and also stimulates an antibody response. Sodium cholate anhydrous has been shown to be useful as a model system for studying the reaction between proteins and fatty acids, and it is also used in pharmaceutical preparations.</p>

<p>Salinomycin sodium is a model system for the study of the toxicity of drugs and chemicals. Salinomycin sodium can be used to study the effects of sublethal doses of salinomycin on metabolic enzymes in vitro. Salinomycin sodium has been shown to inhibit complex enzymes by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This inhibition may lead to cell death or cytotoxicity.<br>Salinomycin is a compound that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, which may be due to its interference with ribosome function or the binding of tRNA molecules to the ribosome. It also inhibits DNA replication, leading to cell death by inhibiting RNA synthesis or preventing DNA from being replicated. Salinomycin can also disrupt membrane permeability and induce lipid peroxidation in cells, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Arsenazo III is a metal-binding dye that has been shown to bind to the cytosolic calcium ion. The binding of Arsenazo III to calcium has been shown to inhibit the voltage-dependent calcium channels, leading to a decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration. This reduction in cytosolic calcium is associated with energy metabolism and human serum titration calorimetry experiments. The binding of Arsenazo III to calcium is also responsible for its light signal. Arsenazo III binds to copper chloride and forms an insoluble precipitate when reacted with acidic solutions. This reaction can be used for analytical purposes as it produces a quantifiable end-point with plasma mass spectrometry.</p>

<p>Ticarcillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that is used to treat many types of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Ticarcillin has been shown to be effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, including multidrug efflux pumps. This drug also has been shown to inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ticarcillin is used in combination with clavulanic acid for the treatment of infections caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms. It is also used in wastewater treatment to inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Ticarcillin can interfere with other medications by inhibiting their metabolism through cytochrome P450 enzymes or through competition for protein binding sites.</p>

<p>Fluvastatin is a statin that lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of cholesterol. Fluvastatin has also been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in animal models, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Fluvastatin also has been shown to inhibit the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, through lowering blood cholesterol, Fluvastatin also inhibits tubulointerstitial injury and prevents renal damage caused by high concentrations of the lipid.</p>

<p>Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) is used as an excipient in drug formulation as a chemical permeation enhancer (PE) to aid the oral absorption of macromolecules, peptides and proteins such as insulin (diabetes), heparin (heart attacks and angina) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia) which would otherwise have poor bioavailability. SNAC is considered to be safe for human consumption (GRAS) by the FDA.Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C10) are two of the most advanced intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) that have been tested in clinical trials for oral delivery of macromolecules.</p>

<p>N-Ethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methoxyaniline sodium (ESP) is a selective agonist of the CB2 receptor. It is structurally unrelated to other CB2 receptor ligands, and has been shown to act as a selective, low affinity antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor. ESP has also been shown to be an ATP binding cassette transporter substrate and acts as a voltage sensor in whole cell recordings. ESP has potential therapeutic applications in diabetic neuropathy and chronic pain.</p>

<p>Sodium triphosphate is a sodium salt that is used as a surfactant and water softener. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in organic solvents. Sodium triphosphate has been shown to be toxic at high doses. Sodium triphosphate may be used for wastewater treatment by removing phosphates from the water, which can cause eutrophication of lakes and streams. The anhydrous form of sodium triphosphate can also be used to remove these phosphates. The anhydrous form of sodium triphosphate is not soluble in water and has a high resistance to heat and chemical attack. This compound is often used as a reagent in analytical chemistry applications such as titration calorimetry, surface methodology, toxicity studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, or as an additive in glycol ethers or chitosan quaternary ammonium compounds. It may also be used as a preservative for food products like</p>

<p>Potassium sulfate is a salt of potassium and sulfuric acid. It has a synergistic effect with sodium salts in the treatment of water hardness, which leads to a phase transition temperature below that of sodium sulfate alone. Potassium sulfate is also used as an analytical reagent for the determination of sulfate in solution. The reaction solution is heated to release the adsorbed gas, which is then analyzed by gas chromatography or infrared spectroscopy. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray crystallography on potassium sulfate crystals. Potassium sulfate has been shown to have physiological effects such as an increase in the concentration of iron in blood plasma and an increase in phosphate excretion from the kidneys at high doses. It has also been shown to have biological properties such as thermal expansion and phosphorus pentoxide reactivity.</p>

<p>Cholic acid sodium salt is a bile acid sodium salt, which is primarily derived from the bile of mammals. It functions as a surfactant that facilitates the emulsification of fats and lipids, enhancing their subsequent absorption and digestion. This compound plays a critical role in the synthesis and regulation of cholesterol in the body.</p>

<p>Tetraphenylporphyrin is a natural organic compound that can be found in the human body. It has been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties and can be used for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Tetraphenylporphyrin is a redox active molecule that has a high redox potential, which makes it an ideal candidate for use in photoactive systems. Tetraphenylporphyrin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by interfering with lipid synthesis and transferring electrons from one molecule to another. The chemical structure of tetraphenylporphyrin makes it possible for light exposure to induce a frequency shift, which leads to light emission at 590 nm. This emission is due to the hydroxyl group present on tetraphenylporphyrin, which acts as an electron donor.</p>

<p>Zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate is a hydrogenated zinc diethyldithiocarbamate that is used as an industrial chemical. The process of hydrogenation changes the chemical properties of the molecule by replacing one or more hydrogens with a hydrogen atom. It has been shown to have strong antioxidant properties and to inhibit the oxidation of fats, oils, and other organic substances. Zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate has also been shown to be anti-inflammatory and to have hemolytic activity. This product is a white powder that is soluble in organic solvents such as ethers, benzene, and chloroform. It can be mixed into molten waxes and oils at high temperatures without decomposing.</p>

<p>Sodium salicylate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. It has been shown to inhibit leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and nf-κb binding activity, which leads to the suppression of inflammation and cancer. Sodium salicylate also binds to DNA, inhibiting dna binding activity and preventing transcription. This drug also inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential as well as signal pathways, which may lead to apoptosis. Sodium salicylate has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the synthesis of proinflammatory proteins such as COX-2, prostaglandins, nitric oxide synthase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. It also has a hypoglycemic effect.</p>

<p>Copper acetylacetonate is a copper(II) chelate. Copper acetylacetonate has a high resistance to corrosion, which makes it an ideal catalyst for electrochemical reactions. This metal chelate is also used in the production of polymers and pharmaceuticals. Copper acetylacetonate can be used as a catalyst for water vapor reduction or as a structural material in the manufacture of semiconductors or touch screens. The thermal expansion coefficient of copper acetylacetonate is 4×10^-6/°C, which is lower than that of many other materials. The phase transition temperature of copper acetylacetonate is approximately 124°C, making it suitable for use in molten salt systems.</p>

<p>3-Sulfobenzaldehyde sodium salt is a novel anticancer agent that inhibits the activity of HDACs. It has shown a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells in vivo, and can be used for the treatment of tumors. 3-Sulfobenzaldehyde sodium salt has an anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of HDACs and acetylation mediated by these enzymes. This drug also has an anti-proliferative effect in tumor growth, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the HDAC cycle and acetylation, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Creatine zinc chloride is a basic protein that is metabolized to creatinine and guanidinoacetate. Creatine zinc chloride has been shown to inhibit the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the inhibition of cardiac muscle contraction and myocardial infarct size. Creatine zinc chloride also has physiological functions in energy metabolism, cytosolic calcium regulation, and glomerular filtration rate. Creatine zinc chloride may be used for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type II.</p>

<p>Carbonic acid ammonium zirconium salt is a high quality, complex compound that is used as a reagent and an intermediate. It has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of fine chemicals and speciality chemicals. Carbonic acid ammonium zirconium salt can also be used as a building block for research chemicals and versatile building blocks.</p>

<p>Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that blocks the binding of leukotrienes to their receptors. It is used for the treatment of chronic cough, as well as for the relief of symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Montelukast sodium binds to leukotriene receptors on cells in the airways, preventing them from attaching to leukotrienes and triggering an inflammatory response. This drug has been shown to be effective in controlling asthma symptoms by reducing bronchial hyperresponsiveness and relieving respiratory obstruction due to inflammation. Montelukast sodium also has anti-inflammatory properties, which are thought to be due to its ability to inhibit production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6.</p>

<p>Methylsulfuric acid potassium salt is a chloride salt of methylsulfuric acid. It is used as a contrast agent in optical imaging and diagnosis, as well as in the treatment of radiation-induced fatty liver disease. In addition, it can be used to diagnose ventricular myocardium diseases and reversibly inhibit GABA-mediated inhibition of postsynaptic potentials. Methylsulfuric acid potassium salt binds to fatty acids in the myocardium and prevents their uptake, leading to an accumulation of fatty acids and subsequent cell damage. This drug has been shown to have an excitatory effect on neurons in the geniculate nucleus, which may result from its ability to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis.</p>

<p>Glycodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a bile acid derivative, which is a biochemical compound sourced from the metabolism of bile acids in the liver. It plays a role in bile acid signaling pathways and lipid emulsification. The mode of action involves mimicking natural bile acids, facilitating the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the gastrointestinal tract, and potentially participating in signaling pathways that regulate cholesterol metabolism.</p>

<p>Propiolic acid sodium salt (PAPS) is a corrosion inhibitor that prevents the formation of rust on metal surfaces. It contains a carbonyl group and a hydroxide ion. PAPS has been shown to react in a non-polar solvent such as n-dimethylformamide with nitrogen atoms or an amine to produce a proton, which can then be used to reduce fatty acids. This reaction is expressed in the following equation:</p>

<p>Potassium 4-fluorophenyl glycinate is a compound that has the potential for use as a building block in organic synthesis. It can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various other compounds, and is also useful as a reagent in organic reactions. Potassium 4-fluorophenyl glycinate is also used in research to develop new therapeutic agents. This compound has a number of applications, including being used as a building block for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.</p>

<p>Cesium carbonate is a base used in organic synthesis with applications in N-alkylation of carbamates, amines, indoles, sulfonamides and aromatic imides. Cesium carbonate also promotes O-alkylation of alcohols to give mixed alkyl carbonates and has been used extensively in Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Cesium carbonate finds also application in energy conversion devices such as photovoltaic cells. Efficiency of inverted polymer solar cells has been shown to increase when cesium carbonate is used as a component of the electron collecting layer.</p>

<p>Palladium(II) trifluoroacetate is a palladium complex with the chemical formula PdCl(CF3CO2). It is soluble in water and reacts with hydroxide solution to form palladium oxide. Palladium complexes have been used as diagnostic agents for their ability to selectively bind to specific proteins. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses of organic compounds, such as natural products and pharmaceuticals, are also possible. Palladium complexes often undergo metathesis reactions, which involve the transfer of one ligand from one metal complex to another. The use of deuterium isotopes can be used to differentiate between the two types of palladium complexes that undergo metathesis reactions.</p>

<p>Silver sulfadiazine is a topical antibiotic that is used to prevent and treat burns. It has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Silver sulfadiazine inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial cell wall and altering its permeability. This prevents the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell division, leading to cell death. It also exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The basic structure of silver sulfadiazine is similar to that of sulfadiazine, which is a known antifungal agent. Silver sulfadiazine has not been shown to be toxic in animal studies or human clinical trials. However, it should not be applied if there are open wounds or burns on the skin because it may cause localized pain and irritation due to its caustic nature.</p>

<p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; anti-hypercholesterolemia agent</p>

<p>Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that belongs to a class of drugs called corticosteroids. It is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate inhibits the production of cytokines and mediators of inflammation by inhibiting the activity of leukocytes such as human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes. Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate also has antimicrobial effects against bacteria that are sensitive to this drug. This agent is metabolized in vivo to hydrocortisone by esterases, which are found in the kidney, liver, or gut wall. Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate can inhibit drug metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4).</p>

<p>Benzohydroxamic acid potassium salt is an organic compound that is soluble in water, but insoluble in organic solvents. It has a molecular weight of 134.2, and its chemical formula is C7H6N4O3K. It can react with acid solutions to form hydroxamic acids (e.g., benzohydroxamic acid). The nmr spectra of these compounds have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of molybdenum or other metal ions. Benzohydroxamic acid potassium salt can be synthesized by reacting hydrochloric acid with zirconium tetrachloride and carbon tetrachloride in the presence of ethyl bromoacetate. This reaction produces insoluble benzohydroxamic acid potassium salt together with ethyl bromoacetate as a byproduct.<br>Molecular weight: 134.2<br>Chemical formula: C7H6N4O3K<br>Soluble</p>

<p>Homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst</p>