Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Standards

<p>Applications Trichloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is used in dry cleaning and metal degreasing. Trichloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans, and is a common groundwater contaminant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Little, D., et al., Appl. Env. Microb., 54, 951 (1988); Vogel, T. &amp; McCarty, P.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 49, 1080 (1985); Wartenberg, D., et al.: Environ. Health Persp., 108, 161 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chlorodiphenyl Ether is a standard for environmental testing and research. Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant compounds.<br>References Tabak, H. H., et al.: J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 53, 1503 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-Dichloroethylene (Mixture of cis and trans) is a chlorinated solvent used in organic synthesis. Environmental pollutant found in river ecosystems contributing to habitat degradation.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schaefer, R. et al.: Freshwater Biol., 61, 2116 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Pentanediol is used in synthesizing quinoxalines from biomass-derived glycols. Also used in the synthesis of propiconazole (P770100) a fungicide as well as other antifungals.<br>References Climent, M. et al.: J. Catal., 292, 118 (2012); Zhou, Y. et al.: Carbo. Res., 344, 1289 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Bromodiiodomethane, is a Iodinated trihalomethanes (ITHMs),which can be used for several medicinal or pharmaceutical taste and odor events in drinking water.<br>References Cancho, B. et al.: Wat. Res,, 34. No. 13, 3380 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimethyl trisulphide (CAS# 3658-80-8) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications 1,2-Dichloroethane-D4 is a labelled analogue of 1,2-Dichloroethane (D434325). 1,2-Dichloroethane is one of the major waste products of the Vinyl Chloride industries, and has also been classified as a potential human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hung, W., et al.: Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 2205 (2008); Rannug, U., et al.: Chem.-Biol. Int., 20, 1 (1978)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Diethoxyethane is from the group of glycol ether class of industrial solvents, widely used in the manufacture of protective coatings.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References George, J.D., et al.: Toxicol Sci., 19, 15 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications 2-Pentylfuran is a volatile compound that is detected in meat smoke aerosol, rice aroma and tomato paste volatiles.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rogge, W., et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1112 (1991); Buttery, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 36, 1006 (1988); Buttery, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 38, 336 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexylene Glycol is used as a reagent in the synthesis of functionalized boronic esters. Also used in the preparation of vinylboronates.<br>References Demory, E. et al: Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 15, 710 (2011); PraveenGanesh, N. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 72 4510 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Methanesulfonate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-Methyllamotrigine (M315350); an impurity of Lamotrigine (L173250) which is an anticonvulsant that inhibits glutamate release, possible through inhibition of sodium, potassium and calcium currents. Also used in treatment of bipolar depression.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Miller, A.A., et al.: Epilepsia, 27, 483 (1986); Grunze, et al.: Neuropsychobiology, 38, 131 (1998); Calabrese, J.R., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 60, 79 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,8-Cineol is the chief constituent of oil of eucalyptus. Used as pharmaceutic aid (flavor).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jori, et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 9, 362 (1970); Maugh, T.H., Science, 218, 278 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications The main metabolite of o-xylene.<br>References Gregus, Z., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 1082 (1998), Gregus, Z., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 547 (1999), Gonzalez-Reche, L., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 77, 80 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2-Dichloroethanol is a reagent in the preparation of tunable molecular catalysts via functionalizing methylene bridge of bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands.<br>References Zhong, R., et al.: ChemPlusChem, 79, 1294-1303 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Dichlorobenzene was used to study the effect of solvent vapor pressure on the vertical nanowire of C60 molecules. It can be detected in environmental samples using an advanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) sensor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kim, J.: ACS Nano, 7, 9122 (2013); Lu, R., et al.: Scientific Reports, 3, 2525 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Volatile<br>Applications Allyl chloride is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that is considered to be a hazardous air pollutant because of its potential human health effects. Allyl chloride is also a known mutagen towards Salmonella typhimurium, and induces gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.<br> E0<br>References Mc Coy, E., et al.: Mut. Res./Fund. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 57, 11 (1978); Shepson, P., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 568 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-BUTYLPYRROLIDIN-2-ONE (cas# 3470-98-2) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Isopropylthioxanthone is a thioxanthone derivative useful as photoinitiators.<br>References Ginex, T., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 27, 279 (2014); Reitsma, M., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 133, 345 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4 is labelled 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (D431875), a versatile building block and a small bioactive molecule, used in various organic synthesis. It is also used as disinfectant, deodorant, and pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fahey, D. R., et al.: Macromolecules, 24 (15), 4242 (1991); Rossberg, M., et al.: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Ethyl Methanesulfonate is used in studies as DNA damage specific control of cell death by cryptochrome in p53-mutant Ras-transformed cells.<br>References Lee, J.H., et al.: Cancer Res., 73, 785 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Volatile<br>Applications Dibromoiodomethane was found as a disinfection byproducts in European drinking water.<br>References Jeong, C.H., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 12120 (2012); Krasner, S.W., et al.: Proceed. Water. Qual. Technol. Confer., 1592 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Dibromoacetonitrile is a carcinogenic nitrogenous disinfection byproduct. Dibromoacetonitrile in drinking water was linked to oral cavity cancer in rats and forestomach cancer in mice. In addition, Dibromoacetonitrile may cause oxidative damage in rat brain.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Guo, Z., et al.: Chem. Eng. J. 306, 1180 (2016); Krasner, S. W., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 9583 (2016); Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 544, 1 (2010); Klattisaksiri, P., et al.: Water Res 98, 160 (2016); Sayed, R. H., et al.: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 34, 849 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated alcohol used in the study of lignite liquefaction.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kuznetov, P.N. et al.: Fuel, 70, 559 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications tert-Butyl Methyl Ether is used in the preparation of gasolines, acting as an oxygenate to improve octane index and combustion efficiency (1). A mutagenic component of the mixtures present in the environment through degredation (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Landmeyer, J. et al.: Ground Water Monit. R. 1998 Nov:18(4) p93-1022. Fayolle, F. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001 Aug;56(3-4):339-49.<br></p>

<p>Applications n-Heptane is used a component of blended fuel compositions as well as a solvent in organic chemical reactions.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ding, Y. et al.: J. Haz. Mat., 271, 82 (2014); Xu, H. et al.: J. Chem. Eng. Dat., 59, 1281 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Α substituted hippurate analog as substrates and inhibitor of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM).<br>References Kruse, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 781 (1990), Jeng, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 14666 (1997), Schally, A., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 40, 315 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Benzoylglycine also known as Hippuric Acid is the glycine conjugate of benzoic acid commonly found in ruminant urine. Hippuric acid is synthesized in the liver and its production is greatly increased following consumption of benzoic acid. In itself it does not have a direct biological function, however p-hydroxy-hippurica acid can be used as an inhibitor of Ca2+ ATPase.A possible biomarker of Parkinson’s disease.<br>References Jankowski J. T. et. al.: Kidney Int. 78, 84 (2001); Chem. and Eng. News p. 13, Apr. 1, (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Picoline is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-Picolineborane, a non-toxic alternative to sodium borohydride for the labelling of oligosaccharides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Renee Ruhaak, L., et al.: Proteomics, 10, 2330 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications 1-Bromopropane, is used as a solvent and for the cleaning of metal surfaces, removal of soldering residues from electronic circuit boards. It is anticipated to be human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lingyo Zh., et al.: Toxicology, 304, 76 (2013); Samukawa, M. et al.: Archives Internal Med., 172(16), 1257 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorbutanol Hemihydrate acts as a fish anaesthetic, primarily on members of the octopus species. Also used as an ophthalmic antimicrobial preservative agent (1).<br>References (1) Amin, A. et al.;Pharm. Dev. Tech., 17, 614 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications Labelled Methylene Chloride used in organic chemical reactions as a general solvent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fulmer, G. et al.: Organometal., 29, 2176 (2010); Kobayashi, M. et al.: J. Porph. Pthalo., 16, 359 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications 1-Chlorobutane is used in biological studies to evaluate the activity of haloalkan dehalogenase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oakley, A.J., et al.: Biochem., 41, 4847 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isobutyric acid is used in biological studies to discriminate between the different volatile compounds found in wines and beers.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dourtoglou, V., et al.: Food Chem., 159, 181 (2014); Webber, V., et al.: Food Chem., 159, 391 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between administration of isoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lewis, M.C. et al.: Med. Hypoth., 68, 484 (2007); Mellon, R.D. et al.: Anesth. Analg., 104, 509 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Borneol is found in the composition of essential oils extracted from Kaempferia Galanga L. Also used to promote absorption of drugs into various foods, liquids and edible items.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wong, K. et al.: Flav. Frag. J., 7, 263 (1992); Yang, L. et al.: J. Zhejiang. Univ. Sci. B., 12, 143 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Bromo-2-chloroacetonitrile is a disinfection byproduct in drinking water. Discharges of produced waters from oil and gas extraction via wastewater treatment plants are the sources of disinfection byproducts to receiving streams.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Raymer, J. H., et al.: J. Expo. Anal. Env. Epid., 10, 808-815 (2000); Hladik. M. L., et al.: ; Sci. Total. Environ. 466-467, 1085-1093 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Benzoquinone is used as a catalyst in the preperation of allyl silyl ethers. p-Benzoquinone is a superoxide scavenger that has been used in the characterization of carnation-like SnS2 nanostructure photocatalysts for photodegredation. p-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kinoshita, H., et. al.: Org. Lett., 15, 5538 (2013); Liu, H., et. al.: J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 288, 19221 (2013); Du, H., et. al.: Environ Sci. Technol., 47, 2823 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications The labelled version of Bromobenzene (B680145), used as a general reagent in palladium-catalyzed reactions and in the synthesis of Grignard reagents.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Miyaura, N. et al.: Synth. Commun., 11, 513 (1981); Nahm, S. et al.: Tetra. Lett., 22, 3815 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isolated from the basic fraction of coal tar. A semi-volatile compound in tobacco.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Van den Dool, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr.,11, 463 ( 1963), Radulovic, N., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 85 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bromoethane is used in the synthesis of novel non-competitive antagonists of kainate Glu1/Glu2 receptors (1). Bromoethane is a useful reagent to prepare tryptophan analogues and the antibiotic, Tamoxifen (2).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References (1) Kaczor, A. et al.: Lett Drug Discov 9, 891 (2012) (1) Ma, C. et al.: J. Org Chem. 66, 4525 (2001)<br></p>