Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Standards

Applications 1-BUTYLPYRROLIDIN-2-ONE (cas# 3470-98-2) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 4-Isopropylthioxanthone is a thioxanthone derivative useful as photoinitiators.
References Ginex, T., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 27, 279 (2014); Reitsma, M., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 133, 345 (2013);

Applications 1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4 is labelled 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (D431875), a versatile building block and a small bioactive molecule, used in various organic synthesis. It is also used as disinfectant, deodorant, and pesticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Fahey, D. R., et al.: Macromolecules, 24 (15), 4242 (1991); Rossberg, M., et al.: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (2006);

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Ethyl Methanesulfonate is used in studies as DNA damage specific control of cell death by cryptochrome in p53-mutant Ras-transformed cells.
References Lee, J.H., et al.: Cancer Res., 73, 785 (2013);

Stability Light Sensitive, Volatile
Applications Dibromoiodomethane was found as a disinfection byproducts in European drinking water.
References Jeong, C.H., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 12120 (2012); Krasner, S.W., et al.: Proceed. Water. Qual. Technol. Confer., 1592 (2001);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Dibromoacetonitrile is a carcinogenic nitrogenous disinfection byproduct. Dibromoacetonitrile in drinking water was linked to oral cavity cancer in rats and forestomach cancer in mice. In addition, Dibromoacetonitrile may cause oxidative damage in rat brain.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Guo, Z., et al.: Chem. Eng. J. 306, 1180 (2016); Krasner, S. W., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 9583 (2016); Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 544, 1 (2010); Klattisaksiri, P., et al.: Water Res 98, 160 (2016); Sayed, R. H., et al.: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 34, 849 (2012)

Applications tert-Butyl Methyl Ether is used in the preparation of gasolines, acting as an oxygenate to improve octane index and combustion efficiency (1). A mutagenic component of the mixtures present in the environment through degredation (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Landmeyer, J. et al.: Ground Water Monit. R. 1998 Nov:18(4) p93-1022. Fayolle, F. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001 Aug;56(3-4):339-49.

Applications n-Heptane is used a component of blended fuel compositions as well as a solvent in organic chemical reactions.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ding, Y. et al.: J. Haz. Mat., 271, 82 (2014); Xu, H. et al.: J. Chem. Eng. Dat., 59, 1281 (2014);

Applications Α substituted hippurate analog as substrates and inhibitor of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM).
References Kruse, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 781 (1990), Jeng, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 14666 (1997), Schally, A., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 40, 315 (2008),

Applications N-Benzoylglycine also known as Hippuric Acid is the glycine conjugate of benzoic acid commonly found in ruminant urine. Hippuric acid is synthesized in the liver and its production is greatly increased following consumption of benzoic acid. In itself it does not have a direct biological function, however p-hydroxy-hippurica acid can be used as an inhibitor of Ca2+ ATPase.A possible biomarker of Parkinson’s disease.
References Jankowski J. T. et. al.: Kidney Int. 78, 84 (2001); Chem. and Eng. News p. 13, Apr. 1, (2019)

Applications Dichloroacetonitrile is commonly used with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument to evaluate and quantify the common halogenated disinfection by products using the headspace technique.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Montesinos, I., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A., 1310 113 (2013)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications trans-1,3-Dichloropropene is used in a biological study to evaluate the fumigant emission and distribution in relation to soil moisture and texture.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Qin, R., et al.: Chemosphere, 90, 866 (2013)

Applications 2-Picoline is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-Picolineborane, a non-toxic alternative to sodium borohydride for the labelling of oligosaccharides.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Renee Ruhaak, L., et al.: Proteomics, 10, 2330 (2010)

Stability Volatile
Applications 1-Bromopropane, is used as a solvent and for the cleaning of metal surfaces, removal of soldering residues from electronic circuit boards. It is anticipated to be human carcinogen.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lingyo Zh., et al.: Toxicology, 304, 76 (2013); Samukawa, M. et al.: Archives Internal Med., 172(16), 1257 (2012);

Applications Chlorbutanol Hemihydrate acts as a fish anaesthetic, primarily on members of the octopus species. Also used as an ophthalmic antimicrobial preservative agent (1).
References (1) Amin, A. et al.;Pharm. Dev. Tech., 17, 614 (2012)

Stability Volatile
Applications Labelled Methylene Chloride used in organic chemical reactions as a general solvent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Fulmer, G. et al.: Organometal., 29, 2176 (2010); Kobayashi, M. et al.: J. Porph. Pthalo., 16, 359 (2012);

Stability Volatile
Applications 1-Chlorobutane is used in biological studies to evaluate the activity of haloalkan dehalogenase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Oakley, A.J., et al.: Biochem., 41, 4847 (2002)

Applications Isobutyric acid is used in biological studies to discriminate between the different volatile compounds found in wines and beers.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Dourtoglou, V., et al.: Food Chem., 159, 181 (2014); Webber, V., et al.: Food Chem., 159, 391 (2014)

Applications Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between administration of isoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lewis, M.C. et al.: Med. Hypoth., 68, 484 (2007); Mellon, R.D. et al.: Anesth. Analg., 104, 509 (2007);