Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

<p>Coprosterol is a stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment.</p>

<p>γ-Glu-Gly TFA, a γ-glutamyl dipeptide, is a human lipid metabolite with a structure resembling GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid).</p>

<p>5-AAM-2-CP is one of the major metabolites of Acetamiprid. Acetamiprid, a nAChR agonist, is a neonicotinoid insecticide used worldwide.</p>

<p>Hepaxanthin is a carotenoid.</p>

<p>CMP-Sialic acid inhibits UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and is a key substrate for sialic acid biosynthesis.</p>

<p>Crotonyl-CoA: key in butyric acid fermentation, lysine and tryptophan metabolism, crucial for fatty and amino acid processing.</p>

<p>N-acetyl Leukotriene E4 is an endogenous metabolite of Leukotriene E4, less active than Leukotriene E4, causing constriction of the airways.</p>

<p>Acremin F is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T124074 and the CAS number is 863480-61-9.</p>

<p>Nepetalactone is found in the plant Nepeta parnassica and has high mosquito repellency properties.</p>

<p>1H-Benzimidazole-6-carboxamide, N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thien-2-yl]-可能具有抗肿瘤活性。</p>

<p>Lithium sn-glycerol 3-phosphate made by converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate via NADH from glycolysis.</p>

<p>Citrulline malate is a cpd of anti-fatigue.</p>

<p>4-Methyl-2-oxovalerate is an L-leucine precursor/metabolite and a key compound in 2-methylpropyl glucosinolate synthesis and diabetes marker.</p>

<p>Galactonic acid, derived from galactose metabolism, is converted from galactonolactone.</p>

<p>Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium, a compound marked by lithium in its myristoylated form, plays a crucial role in the biochemical mechanism of myristoylation, essential for both viral functionalities and tumor growth in colon epithelial cells. This process is predominantly governed by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which exhibits increased activity in colon epithelial tumors compared to normal cells. The activity of NMT is significantly influenced by the reduction of coenzyme A (CoA), a vital regulator that enhances NMT's ability to induce myristoylation, unlike its oxidized form which impedes this process. Consequently, Myristoyl coenzyme A serves as an inhibitor to the demyristoylation activity, showcasing its potential as an anticancer and antiviral agent.</p>

<p>1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol is an intrinsic metabolite and a component of the cell membrane [1].</p>

<p>Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide is a precursor of NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and a substrate for glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthase</p>

<p>A unique collection of 4454 human metabolites for high-throughput, high-content screening.</p>

<p>4-Phytase is a phosphohydrolase of inositol hexaphosphate [1] .</p>

<p>Gliorosein is a biohcemical.</p>

<p>Lysinoalanine is an unusual amino acid, not a dipeptide, which exists in proteins of cooked foods. It is formed in food that is heated or treated with alkali.</p>

<p>Monoglyceridelipase is a crucial enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, catalyzing the hydrolysis of monoglycerides (especially 2-AG, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol) into glycerol and free fatty acids. By regulating the levels of 2-AG, this enzyme impacts neural signaling, pain perception, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes.</p>

<p>N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate sodium is efficiently used as a substrate in T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.</p>

<p>Iso-C15:0 3-OH is a fatty acid that can be isolated from the PLRT strain. PLRT is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, chemolithoheterotrophic, obligately aerobic bacterium, obtained from the feces of the mollusk Aplysia punctata.</p>

<p>3-Oxocholic acid(3-Ketocholic acid) is the metabolite of bile acid and the main product of bile degradation by Clostridium perfringens in the intestine.3-</p>

<p>Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride, found in bone collagen, is higher in metabolic bone loss due to resorption.</p>

<p>Phosphoglycolic acid is closely related to photorespiration and central metabolism, impacting the tissue content of 2-phosphoglycerate.</p>

<p>11-trans LTC4 is a C-11 isomer of LTC4, forms slowly on storage, is less common but similarly potent in contractions, pKis: 6.42 (LTC4), 6.58 (11-trans).</p>

<p>Compound 7a, Methyl (5α,7α)-7-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oate, is a metabolite of bile acid.</p>

<p>Guanylin (human) TFA, a 15-amino acid peptide, activates intestinal guanylate cyclase, regulating electrolyte and water transport via cGMP.</p>

<p>Thymidine 5′-diphosphate (dTDP), a crucial product of pyrimidine synthesis in organisms, is synthesized through the thymidylate kinase (TMPK)-catalyzed</p>

<p>Oleic acid-2,6-diisopropylanilide: ACAT inhibitor, IC50 7 nM; lowers LDL &amp; raises HDL in high-fat fed rabbits/rats at 0.05%.</p>

<p>12α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an NAD-dependent enzyme expressed in Bacillus sphaericus, actively processes both free and conjugated bile salts. It is utilized to determine the levels of 12α-hydroxy bile acids in serum.</p>

<p>DPH: antihistamine for cough, nausea, itching, allergy, Parkinson's, sleep aid, cold remedy.</p>

<p>Sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase, a dehydrogenase enzyme produced by Escherichia coli, catalyzes the interconversion of D-sorbitol 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate. The enzyme oxidizes D-sorbitol 6-phosphate at a rate ten times faster than it reduces D-fructose 6-phosphate, playing a role in various cellular processes.</p>

<p>4β-hydroxy Cholesterol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T21530 and the CAS number is 17320-10-4.</p>

<p>Adriamycin Aglycone, also known as Doxorubicinone, is an oncolytic agent. It is a metabolite of Doxorubicin which binds to the DNA minor-groove.</p>

<p>GyK, a bacterial sugar kinase, initiates glycerol metabolism by converting it into G3P, key for cell uptake.</p>

<p>Fungal metabolite 19,20-Epoxycytochalasin D from Nemania sp. kills P. falciparum; non-toxic to Vero, toxic to BT-549, LLC-PK11, P388 cells.</p>

<p>'13C-enriched C16 Sphingomyelin is a standard for quantifying C16 sphingomyelin by MS. Common in eggs; less in brain/milk; interacts with cholesterol.'</p>

<p>ω-Muricholic acid (ω-MCA) is a murine-specific secondary bile acid.</p>

<p>cGAMP disodium, a bacterial CDN, boosts interferon production and activates STING, enhancing immune responses as a sublingual adjuvant.</p>

<p>Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) functions as a gonadotropin that enhances follicular development and ovulation in animals. This compound operates by modulating blood hormones, gonadotropins, and cytoplasmic estradiol receptors in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Commonly employed in livestock to boost reproductive efficiency, PMSG is also valuable for research focused on estrous cycle regulation.</p>

<p>Diacetinase, a member of the esterase family, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin). It is utilized in the measurement of lipase activity.</p>

<p>Roridin L2 is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T41264 and the CAS number is 85124-22-7.</p>

<p>Coproporphyrin III is a derivative of porphyrin.</p>

<p>Glycodeoxycholic acid monohydrate is a nuclear receptor ligand.</p>

<p>Substance P from alligator: a neuropeptide with structure Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2.</p>

<p>Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), playing a crucial role in glycerol metabolism and energy production. This enzyme acts as the rate-limiting step in glycerol production within Saccharomyces cerevisiae, regulating glycerol formation and accumulation to aid the yeast in adapting to hyperosmotic environments. Additionally, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is relevant in research within the field of metabolic engineering.</p>

<p>Neo-Inositol, a stable, polar compound, is a rare natural inositol stereoisomer.</p>

<p>Doxorubicinol is the major circulating metabolite of doxorubicin with antineoplastic acitivity.</p>

<p>Protirelin Acetate (TRH Acetate) is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the release of thyrotropin and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.</p>

<p>Fungal-derived paraherquamide E kills C. elegans and O. fasciatus, reduces T. colubriformis eggs in gerbils.</p>

<p>Z-2-Octenoic acid, the Z-isomer of 2-Octenoic acid, is also known as trans-2-Octenoic acid and serves as a metabolite in Mucor species.</p>

<p>Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, pseudomonas fluorescens, a dehydrogenase found in Pseudomonas fluorescens, facilitates the oxidation of L-arabinose and D-galactose, utilizing NADP+/NAD+ as a cofactor. This enzyme is employed in diagnostic assays to quantify total galactose levels and serves as a biocatalyst in the production of galacturonic acid salts.</p>

<p>Verucopeptin is a pyranocyclic peptide and HIF-1 inhibitor, an antibiotic effective against B16 melanoma, with anticancer activity.</p>

<p>Kallikrein is capable of forming the kallikrenase kalinin system (KKS) in plasma and tissues, producing bradykinin and kalin peptides , respectively [1] .</p>

<p>Ozolinone, an etozoline metabolite, is a loop diuretic treating hypertension and edema.</p>

<p>5-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a metabolite resulting from the transformation of polyphenols such as (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin by gut microbiota,</p>

<p>Tajixanthone is the fungus metabolite from Aspergillus variecolor [1] .</p>

<p>Triacylglycerol with palmitic, oleic, arachidonic acids at sn-1, sn-2, sn-3; found in rat retina lipid extracts.</p>

<p>10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is a natural or synthetic fungistatic fatty acid, with antifungal activity.</p>

<p>ESI1 is a small molecule inhibitor of epigenetic silencing. This compound induces the formation of nuclear aggregates of the key lipid metabolism regulator SREBP1/2, thereby concentrating transcription co-activators to drive lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis. Additionally, ESI1 promotes myelin regeneration in demyelination animal models and facilitates de novo myelination on regenerating CNS axons, reversing age-related cognitive decline.</p>

<p>Phosphate acetyltransferase, an enzyme, reversibly transfers acetyl groups to CoA, aiding in acetate assimilation/dissimilation.</p>

<p>Larsucosterol sodium: a liver-derived cholesterol byproduct; modulates lipid synthesis, inflammation, and cell death regulation.</p>

<p>Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid is a potential neurotoxin.</p>

<p>S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (Ademetionine) is an intermediate metabolite of methionine,for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and major depressive disorder.</p>

<p>Bilirubin oxidase (BOD), a multi-copper enzyme, converts bilirubin to biliverdin, reduces O2 to H2O, and aids porphyrin metabolism.</p>

<p>Endogenous vasoactive dinucleotide isolated from thrombocytes; found in secretory vesicles across various cells.</p>

<p>NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium, a metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine, acts as a viral polymerase substrate affecting HCV RNA replication.</p>

<p>10-FTHF is a donor of formyl groups in anabolism used as a substrate in formyltransferase reactions, which is important in purine biosynthesis.</p>

<p>Epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction of epoxides with water to convert epoxy groups into diols, plays a crucial role in the metabolism of environmental pollutants and lipids. It is instrumental in detoxification, inflammatory responses, and regulating the health of the cardiovascular system. Additionally, Epoxide hydrolase is used in asymmetric catalytic reactions, such as the asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides, which are important for the synthesis of chiral pharmaceutical molecules.</p>

<p>Cvs 738 is the desmethyl form of CVS 1123, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of thrombin.</p>

<p>Hydroxycotinine is the main nicotine metabolite detected in smokers' urine.</p>

<p>Carbolactone is a biologically active metabolite from fungi [1] .</p>

<p>(±)16-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.</p>

<p>Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium, an endogenous purine from platelets and various cells, has vasoactive properties.</p>

<p>An endogenous blood metabolite, 1-heptadecanoyl-glycerophosphocholine, researches pregnancy/sepsis.</p>

<p>L-Lactate dehydrogenase is an enantiospecific redox enzyme reducing pyruvate to L-lactate using NADH.</p>

<p>NAD Synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme sourced from Escherichia coli exhibits Km values of 200 μM for NAD, 11 μM for ATP, and 0.65 μM for ammonia. Conversely, NAD Synthetase derived from yeast demonstrates Km values of 170 μM for NAD, 190 μM for ATP, and 64 μM for ammonia. This enzyme is applicable in enzymatic assays for ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine and can also be used in enzymatic recycling methods. Additionally, NAD Synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>

<p>Sarcinapterin is a coenzyme isolated from Methanosarcina barkeri.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxysebacic acid, an endogenous metabolite found in urine, is utilized in the study of Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) [1] [2].</p>

<p>Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the mutual conversion of oxaloacetate and malate, and is associated with the oxidation/reduction of dinucleotide coenzymes [1] .</p>

<p>Phospholipid with stearic acid at sn-1, adrenic acid at sn-2; less in older human hippocampal mitochondria.</p>

<p>Maltodextrin (DE 16.5-19.5) is an inactive pharma excipient that enhances drug stability, solubility, and processing.</p>

<p>Picornain 3C, a protease in picornaviruses, cleaves Gln-Gly bonds in poliovirus polyproteins and similar sites in others.</p>

<p>Fellutanine A is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T129801 and the CAS number is 175414-35-4.</p>

<p>Phosphofructokinase, a crucial glycolytic enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in the glycolysis pathway. Its activity is inhibited by the binding of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which regulates the rate of glycolysis. Additionally, Phosphofructokinase is utilized in the measurement of fructose-6-phosphate (fructose-6-phosphate) levels.</p>

<p>Orotidine 5′-monophosphate, a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, functions as an endogenous metabolite in human, E.</p>

<p>C24 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a key myelin sulfatide, high in leukodystrophy patients, non-immunogenic compared to C24:1 variant.</p>

<p>Hydroorotic acid（Dihydroorotic acid） is an endogenous metabolite，a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and adrenal pheochromocytoma.</p>

<p>NHC-diphosphate, a phosphorylated β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine metabolite, is a potent antiviral against VEEV, CHIKV, and HCV.</p>

<p>Pheleuin, an untested pyrazinone derivative from a dipeptide aldehyde, may inhibit calpain or affect S. aureus virulence.</p>

<p>sLeX: sialylated, fucosylated tetrasaccharide, ligand for selectins, inhibits neutrophil recruitment.</p>

<p>EGCase I is a glycosidase used in biochemistry to transfer GSL sugars to 1-alkanols' primary hydroxyl groups.</p>

<p>Penicillinase is a β-lactamase and secretory enzyme capable of degrading and inactivating penicillin and similar compounds.</p>

<p>D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phos-phate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.</p>

<p>PGK is an enzyme that catalyzes phosphate transfer between 1,3-BPG and ADP, vital in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.</p>

<p>alpha-1,3/4-Fucosyltransferase (α1,3/4FucT) (Hp3/4FT) can be found in Helicobacter pylori .</p>

<p>Pyruvate kinase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP [1] .</p>

<p>LTB4 binds to BLT1 (high affinity) and BLT2. LTB4-EA, a metabolite, is a stronger BLT1 antagonist, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>DOPAL, a neurotoxic aldehyde from dopamine metabolism, is linked to Parkinson's and can convert to DOPAC or DOPET.</p>

<p>Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to α-glycerol phosphate [1] .</p>

<p>5-Cholestene-26-oic acid-3β-ol is a cholesterol catabolite [1] .</p>

<p>Hippadine is isolated from Crinum bulbs and has reproductive effect.</p>

<p>Cyclopenol is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Cyclopenol is 20007-85-6.</p>

<p>Cystocholic acid is a metabolite of bile acids, possessing antimicrobial potential.</p>

<p>3-Oxo-7-hydroxychol-4-enoic acid, a body metabolite, may signal bad liver disease prognosis.</p>

<p>12(S)-HETE, from arachidonic acid via 12-lipoxygenase, is found in platelets and leukocytes, aids tumor cell adhesion, with a derivative used in research.</p>