Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

<p>Vardenafil (Vivanza) is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.</p>

(+)-Longifolene is a naturally occurring.

4-Vinylphenol, a metabolite from lactic acid bacteria in wine, induces apoptosis. Found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd.

Ethyl cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoate is DHA's ethyl ester, concentrated from tuna oil via alcoholysis.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (β-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium) is a metabolite present in type I diabetic patients that has the property of regulating membrane

Oleamide (Oleic acid amide) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and can be used in the synthesis of de novo in the mammalian nervous system.

<p>Adenylate (Adk), a phosphotransferase enzyme, catalyzes adenosine phosphates and regulates cellular energy.</p>

Estrone-d4 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt is a deuterated compound of Estrone 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt. Estrone 3-Sulfate Sodium Salt has a CAS number of 438-67-5.

BISPHENOL-A-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-d8 is a deuterated compound of BISPHENOL-A. BISPHENOL-A has a CAS number of 80-05-7. Bisphenol A is a starting material for the synthesis of plastics, primarily certain polycarbonates and epoxy resins, as well as some polysulfones and certain niche materials. It exhibits estrogen-mimicking, hormone-like properties.

2-Naphthol-d8 is a deuterated compound of 2-Naphthol. 2-Naphthol has a CAS number of 135-19-3. 2-Naphthol is an isomer of 1-naphthol, differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring.

<p>Estrone-d2 is a deuterated compound of Estrone. Estrone has a CAS number of 53-16-7. Estrone is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.</p>

Mesalamine-d3 is a deuterated compound of Mesalamine. Mesalamine has a CAS number of 89-57-6. Mesalamine is an anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE.

<p>Urocanic acid (4-Imidazoleacrylic acid), synthesized in the epidermis, functions as a primary absorber of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in mammalian skin.</p>

<p>1-Methyl-L-histidine (3-(1-Methylimidazol-4-yl)-L-alanine) is a natural but non-proteinogenic amino acid; employed as index of muscle protein breakdown.</p>

<p>Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (FAD sodium salt) is a coenzyme that facilitates the electron transfer of flavin enzymes in cellular redox reactions.</p>

Calenduloside E (Silphioside F) exhibits hypoglycemic activities by suppressing the transfer of glucose from the stomach to the small intestine and by

<p>L-Dehydro Ascorbic Acid, an oxidized ascorbic acid, crosses the blood-brain barrier for stroke protection.</p>

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a modified cytosine, is a sixth base of DNA and aids in active DNA demethylation.

sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine, a choline source in the brain and milk, may treat Alzheimer's/dementia and improve cognitive recovery post-stroke.

<p>Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) is a free fatty aldehyde present in animals.</p>

<p>Cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly), is a biologically important compound since it is formed during the γ-glutamyl cycle. It is a L-cysteinyl peptide, that can be used in the studies of many peptides and important proteins.</p>

Deacetyldiltiazem is a metabolite product of Diltiazem which is a coronary vasodilator, and is present in the plasma of individuals taking Diltiazem.

Triclofos Sodium is used to treat insomnia and used for sedation.

Prosulfocarb, a thiocarbamate herbicide, is widely used in winter cereals.

Argininosuccinic acid can be obtained during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate, and ATP by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.

NE58018 is a compound which has bioactive.

GS-9851, a HCV nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of HCV infection.

<p>2,4-D-methyl is a carboxylesterase in herbicide bioactivation.</p>

Deacyl acebutolol is the major metabolite of Acebutolol.

Verdantiol is a flavanol.

<p>Mannose 1-phosphate, an endogenous metabolite, serves as a substrate for the enzyme GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase to synthesize GDP-Man [1].</p>

Olopatadine is an antihistamine and anti-allergy medication for itchy eyes, also possibly treats red skin syndrome.

Meclofenamate sodium: a strong NSAID inhibiting leukocyte function—chemotaxis, degranulation, and radical production.

<p>Normetanephrine, an endogenous metabolite found in cerebrospinal fluid, has applications in hypertension research [1] [2].</p>

<p>N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues.</p>

Cyclanilide is a plant growth regulator. It is used in cotton at different stages of growth.

Larsucosterol, a cholesterol metabolite in human liver, modulates lipid synthesis, inflammation, and apoptosis gene transcription.

Pyridoxine-d2 HCl is a deuterated compound of Pyridoxine HCl. Pyridoxine HCl has a CAS number of 58-56-0. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the 4-methanol form of vitaminB6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

Indole-2,4,5,6,7-d5-3-acetic-2,2-d2 Acid is a deuterated compound of Indole-3-acetic Acid. Indole-3-acetic Acid has a CAS number of 87-51-4. 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.

<p>11β-Prostaglandin F2α is a bioactive metabolite catalyzed by AKR1C3 that stimulates prostaglandin F receptors and induces slug expression in breast cancer.</p>

15-keto Prostaglandin F2α is a metabolite of Prostaglandin F2α that lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.

<p>(±)12(13)-DiHOME is the diol form of (±)12(13)-EpOME , a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as isoleukotoxin.</p>

Nicotinamide-d4 is a deuterium-labelled compound of nicotinamide for isotope tracing. Nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 derivative, inhibits SIRT1 and SIRT2.

β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.[1],[2] Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.[3] Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.[4]

12-Doxyl stearic acid, a derivative of stearic acid featuring a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolinyloxy (DOXYL) group, functions as a hydrophobic spin label. This compound is prevalently utilized in research to investigate the molecular characteristics of membranes and hydrophobic proteins.

α-Laurodimyristin, a triacylglycerol, comprises myristic acid and lauric acid [1].

1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an endogenous metabolite.

GS-566500 is a compound of Sofosbuvir metabolite.

Indole-3-methanamine has been detected, but not quantified in, barley, cereals, and cereal products.