Amino Acids (AA)

Aspartame is a synthetic, sweetener that is used as a sugar substitute in diet products. It was discovered by accident in 1965 when James Schlatter, a chemist of G.D. Searle Company, was testing an anti-ulcer drug and l-phenylalanine methyl ester on his finger and tasted the sweetness on his fingers. Aspartame is composed of two amino acids: aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The aspartic acid is made up of a carboxylic acid group with an amide functional group. Aspartame can be found in many foods including chewing gum and diet sodas. It has been shown to have no carcinogenic effects or adverse effects on reproduction function in animal studies.

H-Pro-Ser-Hyp-Gly-Asp-Trp-OH is a cyclic hexapeptide with a high activity against platelets. It is an antagonist of the cyclic RGD sequence, which is present in fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin and other proteins. This peptide binds to the n-terminal residue of these proteins and prevents them from binding to their receptors on the surface of platelets. H-Pro-Ser-Hyp-Gly-Asp-Trp-OH has been shown to be specific for human platelets and does not bind to erythrocytes or leukocytes.

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Natriuretic factor is a peptide hormone that regulates blood pressure. This peptide is encoded by a gene located on chromosome 10 and is made up of 28 amino acids. Natriuretic factor binds to the membrane of mitochondria and zymogen granules, causing them to release their contents into the cytosol. The resulting increase in cytosolic volume causes an increased diastolic pressure, as well as an increased glomerular filtration rate and cardiac output. Natriuretic factors have also been shown to stimulate the production of natriuretic peptides, which are involved in water balance and electrolyte homeostasis.

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H-Val-Phe-OH is a peptide consisting of three amino acids, Valine, Phenylalanine and Hydroxyproline. It is a small molecule that has been shown to have an antihypertensive effect in rats. H-Val-Phe-OH binds to the dihydropyridine receptor on the cell membrane surface, which causes blood vessels to relax and contract. This action leads to decreased blood pressure. The high reactivity of H-Val-Phe-OH with other molecules makes it biodegradable, which means it can be broken down by water or enzymes into smaller molecules that are less harmful to the environment.

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Methyl-L-tyrosinate is a drug that has been shown to increase the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the production of melanin. It also prevents the oxidation of tyrosine and phenylalanine, which are precursors to melanin. Methyl L-tyrosinate has been studied for its potential effects on hepatitis and Parkinson's disease. This drug binds to the hydroxyl group of tyrosinase and inhibits its activity. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to a decrease in melanin synthesis, which may be beneficial for those with vitiligo or other skin disorders where pigment loss is desired. This drug also prevents oxidative carbonylation and functional assays have shown that it has an affinity for potassium ion coordination chemistry.

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H-Glu-Phe-Tyr-OH is a peptide transporter that is located on the apical surface of intestinal cells. It is a monovalent cation/H+ symporter that transports H+ and peptides in an electroneutral manner. The uptake rate of this peptide transporter is influenced by the concentration gradient of the substrate, with higher concentrations increasing the uptake rate. It has been shown to transport lidocaine, which suggests it may be used to treat patients who are resistant to other drugs. H-Glu-Phe-Tyr-OH also has a high affinity for peptides, making it possible to use this drug as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins orally.

Ac-Met-AMC is a nucleoside analog that is an active inhibitor of the enzyme DNA polymerase. This drug has been shown to be effective in preventing the growth of cancer cells in tissue cultures, and it has also been used to study the relationship between isoforms and oxygenated species. Ac-Met-AMC binds to the cytosolic side of the enzyme, which reduces its activity, but this binding does not affect the enzyme's ability to bind substrate or ATP. Ac-Met-AMC has been shown to hydrolyze with a rate constant of 6 x 10 M(-1) s(-1).

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Z-Leu-Leu-Nle (ZLL) is a small molecule that selectively inhibits the activity of the aspartyl protease, BACE1, which is an enzyme that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce amyloid beta peptides. The inhibition of this enzyme has been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease. ZLL also inhibits estrogen receptor alpha and has antiestrogenic effects in breast cancer cells. This compound induces apoptosis by binding to apoptotic proteins, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Fas ligand, and TRAIL receptors. It also inhibits cell growth and induces chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.

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Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Fragment H-Arg-Gly-Pro-Cys-Arg-Ala-Phe-Ile-OH is a synthetic peptide that is used as a diagnostic agent. It has been shown to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. This peptide binds to the amino acid sequences of phospholipase A2, which are found in tumor cells, and can be used for cancer diagnosis. Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Fragment H-Arg-Gly-Pro-Cys-Arg-Ala-Phe-Ile-OH also binds to DNA methylation, which may be useful for studying DNA methylation patterns in cancer cells.

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H-Asp-Asp-Asp-OH is a peptide that has been shown to disrupt the cytosol and cause apoptosis. It can also induce proteolytic maturation and modulate autocatalytic functions. H-Asp-Asp-Asp-OH induces apoptosis by activating caspase 9 and caspase 3, which cleaves poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). This leads to DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and nuclear pyknosis. H-Asp-Asp-Asp-OH binds to the regulatory domain of caspase 9 and prevents it from being activated. The peptide also activates caspase 8 by binding to its regulatory domain, which then activates caspases 3 and 7. H-Asp-Asp-Asp-OH also stimulates the release of granzyme B from cytot

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Eglin C (60-63)-methyl ester acetate salt H-Thr-Asn-Val-Val-OMe acetate salt is a novel, potent cathepsin inhibitor that has inhibitory effects on leukocyte elastase. It is a hydrophobic and highly lipophilic molecule with a high degree of solubility in organic solvents. The amino acid residues are the key functional group responsible for the inhibitory effects of Eglin C.

N-Tritylglycine is an acidic amino acid that can be protonated in a highly acidic environment. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor tissue by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting protein synthesis. N-Tritylglycine is used as a reagent for analytical chemistry, where it is used to detect amines such as histamine and serotonin. N-Tritylglycine also has been shown to be potent inhibitor of kinesin.

supplied as the trifluoroacetate salt.

H-Gly-Gly-Pro-OH is a recombinant polypeptide with affinity for amino acids. It is a positionally defined sequence of amino acids that has been shown to bind to Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid peptides and inhibit the formation of beta amyloid fibrils. The N-terminal sequence of this polypeptide is immunogenic, which may be useful for generating antibodies against AD.

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Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg-OH trifluoroacetate salt is a synthetic substrate that can be used for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. It has been shown to act as a competitive inhibitor of the serine protease, chymotrypsin, and cytochalasin B. Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg is a soluble substrate that can be used in tissue culture experiments with caco2 cells. This compound also has high solubility and is stable at pH values between 5 and 12. The optimum pH for this compound is 8.

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H-Tyr-His-OH is a trifluoroacetic acid derivative that is a histidine odorant. It can be used as a substitute for histidine in the detection of blood pressure, due to its ability to bind to nitric oxide and histidine receptors. H-Tyr-His-OH has been shown to have immunological properties, and it has been used as an immunogen in the production of monoclonal antibodies against human erythrocytes. H-Tyr-His-OH is also considered to be a potential biomarker because it can be detected by LC-MS/MS methods.

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Bosentan is a potent inhibitor of the uptake of organic anions. It is used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and has been shown to be effective against pravastatin-resistant HIV protease inhibitors, such as saquinavir, quinidine, and rosuvastatin. Bosentan inhibits uptake by binding to the transporter protein at a site that does not overlap with the binding site for organic anion substrates. This leads to a change in kinetic parameters for substrates, such as pravastatin and saquinavir. The binding site on bosentan may also be elucidated through monolayer experiments with efflux transporters.

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Endogenous heptapetide which causes vasodilation and has anti-hypertensive properties.

8-Phenyltheophylline (8PT) is an adenosine receptor agonist that is used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma. It has been shown to increase the intracellular calcium concentration in hl-60 cells and in rat papillary muscles. 8PT also has locomotor activating effects, which are thought to be due to its ability to block potassium channels in the hippocampal formation. These effects may be related to ATP-sensitive potassium channels, which have been shown to be sensitive to ATP in untreated mice. 8PT also has anti-arrhythmic properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit sodium channels and its effect on heart rate and contractility.

(Des-Gly10, tBu-D-Gly6,Pro-NHEt 9)-LHRH acetate salt Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-tBu-D-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt acetate salt is a synthetic hormone that belongs to the group of gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH). It is used in veterinary medicine to stimulate ovulation and follicular growth in animals. (Des-Gly10, tBu-D-Gly6, Pro -NHEt9)-LHRH acetate salt Pyr -His -Trp -Ser -Tyr -tBu -D -Gly -Leu -Arg -Pro NHEt acetate salt is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to buserelin, its active form. This drug has been shown to be effective against estradiol benzoate and sodium salts

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5-[(1-Methylindole-3-yl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-bezimidazole is a reactive heterocyclic compound. It is a carboxylic acid and an amide with a peptic and cephalalgic effect. The symptoms of 5-[(1-methylindole-3-yl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-bezimidazole are hemicrania and amnesia. It has been expressed in the calf thymus DNA.

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