Métabolisme

<p>Anticancer agent 121, a human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDHA) inhibitor, exhibits potent anticancer activities, suitable for use in anticancer research [1].</p>

<p>L791943 is a selective, potent) inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4,IC50 of 4.2 nM).</p>

<p>RB 101 suppresses enkephalinase and aminopeptidases; biologically cleaved at disulfide to produce inhibitors of both aminopeptidase N and neutral endopeptidase.</p>

<p>RORγt Inverse agonist 6 is an agonist of RORγt inverse. RORγt Inverse agonist 6 can be used in research on Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.</p>

<p>NOX2-IN-2 (compound 33) is a potent inhibitor of NOX2, disrupting the p47phox-p22phox protein-protein interaction with a dissociation constant (K i) of 0.24 μM.</p>

<p>IDH1 Inhibitor 5 targets MOG cells (IC50: 64.4 nM) and R132H mutant IDH1 gliomas (IC50: 34.9 nM).</p>

<p>7,7-Dimethyl-(5Z,8Z)-eicosadienoic acid (DEDA, 5 μM) significantly impacts the response to βA(25-35) stimulation. It reduces the formation of ROS.</p>

<p>Brodimoprim is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR).</p>

<p>Z-Pro-Pro-CHO acts as a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.16 μM for human prolyl oligopeptidase and 0.01</p>

<p>SHP2-IN-21 (compound 208) is an inhibitor of SHP2, exhibiting an IC50 of 3 nM, and is utilized in glioblastoma research [1].</p>

<p>Ac-VDVAD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspase-2 and caspase-3 (IC50: 46 nM for caspase-2 and 15 nM for caspase-3) [1].</p>

<p>N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-Arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), among various arachidonoyl amino acids, have been extracted from bovine brain, while a novel series of fatty acyl amides of taurine were unearthed in rat brain through mass spectral lipidomic analysis, indicating the discovery of a new class of compounds also located in the kidney. These compounds are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels. Notably, N-Stearoyl taurine emerges as a significant amino-acyl endocannabinoid identified in rat brain lipidomics profiling.</p>

<p>Aladotril is an inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase. Its prodrug is aladotrilat.</p>

<p>CL4H6, a pH-sensitive cationic lipid, serves as the primary constituent of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs are instrumental in targeting and delivering siRNA, leading to a potent gene-silencing response [1] [2].</p>

<p>CYP3A4-IN-2, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (IC50: 0.055 μM), is a hydrophobic ritonavir analog with immunosuppressive and antiviral properties.</p>

<p>Lp-PLA2-IN-13 (compound 15), a potent Lp-PLA2 inhibitor, holds potential for research in neurodegenerative-related diseases [1].</p>

<p>JGB-1-155, serving as a positive allosteric modulator (N-PAMs), effectively enhances the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with an EC 50 of 3.29 μM. It mitigates oxidative stress by elevating NAD+ levels in THP-1 human monocytes and reduces TNFα-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT-22 cells [1].</p>

<p>CYP17-IN-1 is an effective oral inhibitor of CYP17 that can inhibit CYP17 in rats and humans with IC50 of 15.8 and 20.1 nM.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-40 (compound 19) is a potent inhibitor of ICMT, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.031 μM [1].</p>

<p>H-0106 Dihydrochloride is an inhibitor of ROCK that acts by applying strong intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects into the eyes of monkeys.</p>

Gisadenafil besylate (UK 369003-26) is a potent and orally active PDE5 inhibitor, for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

<p>Magmas-IN-1 (compound 9), a small molecule Magmas inhibitor (SMMI), targets the mitochondria-associated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF</p>

<p>GSK2647544 inhibits Lp-PLA2, a pro-inflammatory enzyme from macrophages, orally active, calcium-independent.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-16 (compound 33) functions as an inhibitor of ICMT, demonstrating inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) efficacy at 0.131 μM [1].</p>

<p>SCD1/5-IN-1 (Compound 10), a selective SCD1/5 inhibitor, is utilized in the research of neurological diseases [1].</p>

<p>Palmitoleic acid, an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils, enhances both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as Glut4 protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at a 200 µM concentration. Ex vivo, at a dosage of 300 mg/kg per day, it significantly increases glucose uptake and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, while decreasing de novo fatty acid synthesis and the activity of lipogenic enzymes, specifically ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), in isolated murine adipocytes. Furthermore, the dietary administration of palmitoleic acid at 300 mg/kg mitigates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.</p>

<p>Pactimibe sulfate is a dual ACAT1/2 inhibitor with anti-atherogenic potential, reducing plasma cholesterol.</p>

<p>cis-ent-Tadalafil (cis-ent-IC-351) is a potent and selective PDE5 inhibitor that lowers blood pressure.</p>

<p>NTE-122 is a competitive Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-46 (compound 25) is a potent inhibitor of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT), exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.556 μM [1].</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-11 (compound 48) serves as an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM [1].</p>

<p>Oxalomalic acid (Oxalomalate) trisodium, an inhibitor of aconitase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, suppresses nitrite production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated J774 macrophages [1].</p>

<p>Hypusine is an N-terminal amino alcohol derivative of Lys occurring in bovine brain &amp;</p>

<p>JW 618 is a selective inhibitor of ABHD6, demonstrating inhibition concentrations (IC50 values) of 38 nM for mouse ABHD6 and 13 nM for rat ABHD6, indicating its potent activity across species [1].</p>

<p>EMD638683 is a highly selective SGK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3 μM. EMD638683 S-Form is the S-form of EMD638683.</p>

<p>Thioquinapiperifil is a type of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor found in dietary supplements.</p>

<p>M5N36: selective Cdc25C inhibitor, IC50: 0.15µM A, 0.19µM B, 0.06µM C; halts cell growth, boosts p-CDK1/2.</p>

AZD-1656 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) that can cause dose-limiting hypoglycemia in normal animals used in embryofetal development studies and type 2

Docosatrienoic acid is a rare omega-3 fatty acid; Ki value is 5×M, which inhibits the binding of LTB4 to porcine neutrophil membrane.

<p>3-Oxo Atorvastatin is an impurity of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids.</p>

<p>1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (Dilinoleoyllecithin), a phospholipid, finds application in the production of artificial membranes [1].</p>

<p>CKD-519: A CETP inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.3 nM, blocking cholesteryl ester transfer in serum.</p>

<p>JTT 551: Selective PTP1B inhibitor for type 2 diabetes research; Ki=0.22μM for PTP1B, 9.3μM for TCPTP.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-27, also known as compound 64, is an inhibitor of the enzyme ICMT, demonstrating potent activity with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM [1].</p>

<p>AZD7687: Selective DGAT1 inhibitor, IC50 of 80 nM. In vitro reduces postprandial TAG. In vivo significant GI side effects at &gt;5 mg/day dose.</p>

<p>N-Desethyl Brinzolamide oxalate functions as a dual inhibitor targeting Carbonic anhydrase II and Carbonic anhydrase IV, exhibiting inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.28 nM and 128 nM, respectively [1].</p>

<p>N-Acyl taurines, such as N-lignoceroyl taurine, alongside various arachidonoyl amino acid conjugates like N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl-L-serine, have been identified in bovine brain and through mass spectrometry lipidomic studies in the brain and spinal cord of both wild-type and FAAH knockout mice. Notably, N-lignoceroyl taurine levels were found to be 23-26 times higher in FAAH knockout mice than in wild types, suggesting its degradation by FAAH, despite in vitro evidence showing FAAH hydrolyzes N-lignoceroyl taurine significantly slower than oleoyl ethanolamide. Additionally, N-acyl taurines with polyunsaturated acyl chains are known to activate TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels within the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels.</p>

<p>HSD17B13-IN-2 (compound 1) serves as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17ß-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) with demonstrable activity in cellular experiments [1</p>

<p>C16 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:1/16:0) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C16 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:1/16:0) is 1246298-56-5.</p>

<p>(+/-)12-HpETE, a vasodilator, is a 12-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid produced by lipoxygenase [1].</p>

N-type calcium channel blocker-1 is an orally active analgesic agent,shows high affinity to functionally block N-type calcium channels.

<p>ICMT-IN-2 (compound 45) serves as an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.168 μM [1].</p>

1-Deazaadenosine, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Ki: 0.66 μM), may treat cancer, particularly lymphoproliferative disorders.

PDE1-IN-2 is an PDE1 inhibitor(PDE1C, PDE1B and PDE1A with IC50 values of 6, 140 and 164 nM, respectvely).

<p>Prolyl Hydroxylase inhibitor 1 is an orally active inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) (IC50 of 62.23 nM).</p>

<p>HSD17B13-IN-3 (compound 2) is a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17ß-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), lacking cellular experimental activity [1].</p>

<p>9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, an isomer of 9(Z),11(E),13(E)-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester and the methyl ester derivative of 9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, serves as a standard for quantifying 9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in wild growing pomegranate (P. granatum) seed oil [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1240].</p>

<p>AZD6605 is a potent, reversible inhibitor of, MMP2, MMP9, MMP12 and MMP13.</p>

<p>Hemipyocyanine (528-71-2) is the virulence factor of Gram-negative, aerobic rod bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hemipyocyanine is an α-Amylase inhibitor.</p>

<p>First potent oral dual IDO1/IDO2 inhibitor with antitumor properties; IC50: 28 nM (IDO1), 144 nM (IDO2).</p>

<p>Selenocystine, a broad-spectrum anticancer agent, effectively induces DNA damage, notably DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in HepG2 cells, showcasing</p>

<p>SHP2-IN-17 (compound 192) is a potent inhibitor of SHP2, exhibiting an IC50 of 2 nM and holds potential for use in glioblastoma research [1].</p>

<p>Darodipine (PY-108068) is a dihydropyridine type Ca+2 antagonist.</p>

<p>1,2-Dipropionyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) is a phospholipid characterized by the presence of propionic acid at its sn-1 and sn-2 positions. This compound has applications in the investigation of interactions between water and the phosphocholine headgroup in aqueous solutions.</p>

<p>12,15-Epoxy-13-methyl-12,14-eicosadienoic acid, a furan fatty acid first identified in northern pike (E. lucius), exhibits elevated levels in the liver of starving cod.</p>

<p>Bemoradan is an inhibitor of the rolipram-insensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from canine heart tissue</p>

<p>DPM-1001 is an orally bioavailable and non-competitive protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibitor (IC50: 100 nM) with the anti-diabetic property.</p>

<p>Edaglitazone (R-483) is a PPARγ agonist with antiplatelet activity that can be used in studies of diabetes and obesity.</p>

<p>CHK-336 (Example 1), an orally active LDHA inhibitor (IC50 &lt;1 nM), suppresses lactate production in mouse hepatocytes and is applicable in hyperoxaluria</p>

<p>Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is identified in bovine milk fat.</p>

<p>ATX inhibitor 21 is a potent inhibitor of ATX (IC50: 3490 nM).</p>

<p>GSK-8062 is an agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR).</p>

<p>2-Myristyldistearin (SMS), a triacylglycerol comprising myristic acid and stearic acid [1], showcases its intricate structural composition.</p>

<p>VU0155069 hydrochloride (CAY10593 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phospholipase D (PLD), exhibiting IC50 values of 46 nM for PLD1 and 933 nM for PLD2. It effectively inhibits the migration of both human and mouse breast cancer cell lines [1] [2].</p>

<p>S-2E, an oral inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase, treats hyperlipidemia.</p>

<p>S-Benzylglutathione acts as a competitive inhibitor of glutathionase and undergoes conversion by rat kidney microsomes into its cysteine derivatives.</p>

<p>1-Myristoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features myristic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. This compound is prevalent in mature human milk, infant formula fats, and butterfat.</p>

<p>CAXII-IN-1, antitumor, selectively inhibits CA XII with Ki of 3.8 nM for hCA XII and 56 nM for hCA IX.</p>

<p>WT IDH1 Inhibitor 2 blocks wild-type and R132H mutant IDH1 (IC50: 120 nM); related to GSK321.</p>

<p>DORI, a cationic lipid, efficiently delivers plasmid DNA in vitro, exhibiting lower cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency [1].</p>

<p>AR453588 hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable anti-diabetic glucokinase activator (EC50: 42 nM) with anti-hyperglycemic activity.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-21 (compound 6ag) is an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 8.8 µM, featuring sulfonamide-modified farnesyl cysteine (SMFC).</p>

<p>AZD1092 is the glucokinase enzyme activator.</p>

<p>"(±)-2'-Hydroxy Ceramide (d18:0/18:0) is a sphingomyelin derivative isolated from mammalian platelets upon ADP stimulation [1]."</p>

<p>N-Oleoyl taurine, an amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain, along with several arachidonoyl amino acids such as N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serine, have been derived from bovine brain. Mass spectral lipidomics analysis of rat brain revealed a series of fatty acyl amides of taurine, marking the discovery of a new class of compounds. These compounds, found in the kidney, are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels, with N-Oleoyl taurine specifically potentially activating TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels.</p>

<p>γ-CEHC, a metabolite of γ-tocopherol, is predominantly excreted through urine, primarily in its conjugated form as glucuronide [1], rather than through bile.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-20 (compound 54) serves as an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.682 μM [1].</p>

SHP394 is an orally efficacious inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (IC50: 23 nM).

<p>HIF-2α-IN-9 (compound 35r) serves as an HIF-2α inhibitor, effectively suppressing VEGF-A with an IC50 of 305 nM, and modulating growth-promoting genes within</p>

<p>Homonojirimycin is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.</p>

<p>RXPA 380: C-terminal ACE inhibitor, Ki=3nM; IC50=2.5nM for C-domain ACE mutants.</p>

<p>Curcumin-β-D-glucuronide, a principal metabolite detected in hepatic tissue and portal blood following oral consumption of Curcumin, is utilized in colon cancer</p>

<p>Tiracizine HCl, a new class I antiarrhythmic drug, was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease and shown to decrease myocardial contractile function.</p>

<p>Lithium benzoate, an aromatic alcohol present in numerous plants, commonly serves as an additive in food, beverages, cosmetics, and various other products. This compound exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties, functioning effectively as a preservative [1].</p>

<p>YM17E is an inhibitor of ACAT with IC50 of 44 nM in rabbit liver microsomes in vitro.</p>

<p>BMS-186511: An FT inhibitor targeting malignant cells in NF1, halting growth and spread without affecting related enzymes.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-33 (compound 73) functions as an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.46 μM [1].</p>

<p>MSI-1436 is a selective, non-competitive the enzyme protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB1B)inhibitor(IC50 of appr 1 μM)</p>

<p>5(S)-HETrE, made by 5-LO from mead acid, has unknown biological activity and metabolic fate.</p>

<p>Lp-PLA2-IN-9, a tetracyclic pyrimidinone, inhibits rhLp-PLA2 (pIC50: 10.1), promising for neurodegenerative research.</p>